1
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Cook A, Newman SG. Alcohols as Substrates in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation, Alkylation, and Related Reactions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6078-6144. [PMID: 38630862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Alcohols are abundant and attractive feedstock molecules for organic synthesis. Many methods for their functionalization require them to first be converted into a more activated derivative, while recent years have seen a vast increase in the number of complexity-building transformations that directly harness unprotected alcohols. This Review discusses how transition metal catalysis can be used toward this goal. These transformations are broadly classified into three categories. Deoxygenative functionalizations, representing derivatization of the C-O bond, enable the alcohol to act as a leaving group toward the formation of new C-C bonds. Etherifications, characterized by derivatization of the O-H bond, represent classical reactivity that has been modernized to include mild reaction conditions, diverse reaction partners, and high selectivities. Lastly, chain functionalization reactions are described, wherein the alcohol group acts as a mediator in formal C-H functionalization reactions of the alkyl backbone. Each of these three classes of transformation will be discussed in context of intermolecular arylation, alkylation, and related reactions, illustrating how catalysis can enable alcohols to be directly harnessed for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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2
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Dong LJ, Wang Q, Zhang JF, Li Z, Zhu DY, Zhang XM, Tu YQ, Wang SH. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Vicinal Quaternary Stereocenters Enabled by Alkylation of α,α-Disubstituted Aldehydes with 3-Bromooxindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3086-3090. [PMID: 38591933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
An organocatalytic enantioselective alkylation of α,α-disubstituted aldehydes with 3-bromooxindoles is reported. Enantioenriched oxindoles with vicinal quaternary stereocenters are accessed by an asymmetric conjugate addition process of branched aldehydes with o-azaxylylene intermediates (indol-2-ones). Key to the success of highly diastereo- and enantioselective transformations is the combined use of a triphenylsilyl-protected β-amino alcohol catalyst derived from the spiropyrrolidine scaffold and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. This study also presents a rare example of aldehyde alkylation with the formation of consecutive quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing-Feng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dao-Yong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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3
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Lin J, Jia M, Song X, Yu H, Ma S. Pd-Catalyzed Enantioselective Creation of All-Carbon Quaternary Center with 2,3-Allenylic Carbonates. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38489519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective construction of all-carbon quaternary centers has been achieved via the palladium-catalyzed highly enantioselective allenylation of oxindoles with 2,3-allenylic carbonates to afford a variety of optically active allene products, which contain oxindole units with different functional groups, in high ee. The corresponding synthetic applications have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Minqiang Jia
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xu Song
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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4
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Wang W, Huang D, Yu Y, Qian H, Ma S. A Modular Approach for the Synthesis of Natural and Artificial Terpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307626. [PMID: 37439109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Many terpenoids with isoprene unit(s) demonstrating critical biological activities have been isolated and characterized. In this study, we have developed a robust chem-stamp strategy for the construction of the key isoprene unit, which consists of two steps: one-carbon extension of aldehydes to the alkenyl boronates by the boron-Wittig reaction and the rhodium-catalyzed reaction of alkenyl boronates with 2,3-allenols to yield enals. This chem-stamp could readily be applied repeatedly and separately, enabling the modular concise synthesis of many natural and pharmaceutically active terpenoids, including retinal, β-carotene, vitamin A, tretinoin, fenretinide, acitretin, ALRT1550, nigerapyrone C, peretinoin, and lycopene. Owing to the diversified availability of the starting materials, aldehydes and 2,3-allenols, creation of new non-natural terpenoids has been realized from four dimensions: the number of isoprene units, the side chain, and the two terminal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Yu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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5
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Zhao L, Luo Y, Xiao J, Huo X, Ma S, Zhang W. Stereodivergent Synthesis of Allenes with α,β-Adjacent Central Chiralities Empowered by Synergistic Pd/Cu Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218146. [PMID: 36594710 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The stereodivergent synthesis of allene compounds bearing α,β-adjacent central chiralities has been realized via the Pd/Cu-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric alkylation of racemic allenylic esters. The matched reactivity of bimetallic catalytic system enables the challenging reaction of racemic aryl-substituted allenylic acetates with sterically crowded aldimine esters smoothly under mild reaction conditions. Various chiral non-natural amino acids bearing a terminal allenyl group are easily synthesized in high yields and with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr, >99 % ee). Importantly, all four stereoisomers of the product can be readily accessed by switching the configurations of the two chiral metal catalysts. Furthermore, the easy interconversion between the uncommon η3 -butadienyl palladium intermediate featuring a weak C=C/Pd coordination bond and a stable Csp2 -Pd bond is beneficial for the dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation process (DyKAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yicong Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junzhe Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaohong Huo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shengming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Research Centre for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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6
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Ghosh S, Changotra A, Petrone DA, Isomura M, Carreira EM, Sunoj RB. Role of Noncovalent Interactions in Inducing High Enantioselectivity in an Alcohol Reductive Deoxygenation Reaction Involving a Planar Carbocationic Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2884-2900. [PMID: 36695526 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of planar carbocation intermediates is generally considered undesirable in asymmetric catalysis due to the difficulty in gaining facial control and their intrinsic stability issues. Recently, suitably designed chiral catalyst(s) have enabled a guided approach of nucleophiles to one of the prochiral faces of carbocations affording high enantiocontrol. Herein, we present the vital mechanistic insights from our comprehensive density functional theory (B3LYP-D3) study on a chiral Ir-phosphoramidite-catalyzed asymmetric reductive deoxygenation of racemic tertiary α-substituted allenylic alcohols. The catalytic transformation relies on the synergistic action of a phosphoramidite-modified Ir catalyst and Bi(OTf)3, first leading to the formation of an Ir-π-allenyl carbocation intermediate through a turn-over-determining SN1 ionization, followed by a face-selective hydride transfer from a Hantzsch ester analogue to yield an enantioenriched product. Bi(OTf)3 was found to promote a significant number of ionic interactions as well as noncovalent interactions (NCIs) with the catalyst and the substrates (allenylic alcohol and Hantzsch ester), thus providing access to a lower energy route as compared to the pathways devoid of Bi(OTf)3. In the nucleophilic addition, the chiral induction was found to depend on the number and efficacy of such key NCIs. The curious case of reversal of enantioselectivity, when the α-substituent of the allenyl alcohol is changed from methyl to cyclopropyl, was identified to originate from a change in mechanism from an enantioconvergent pathway (α-methyl) to a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (α-cyclopropyl). These molecular insights could lead to newer strategies to tame tertiary carbocations in enantioselective reactions using suitable combinations of catalysts and additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Avtar Changotra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - David A Petrone
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mayuko Isomura
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raghavan B Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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7
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Xiao YQ, Li MM, Zhou ZX, Li YJ, Cao MY, Liu XP, Lu HH, Rao L, Lu LQ, Beauchemin AM, Xiao WJ. Taming Chiral Quaternary Stereocenters via Remote H-Bonding Stereoinduction in Palladium-Catalyzed (3+2) Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212444. [PMID: 36377924 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening transformations of donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes enable the rapid assembly of complex molecules. However, the enantioselective formation of chiral quaternary stereocenters using substrates bearing two different acceptors remains a challenge. Herein, we describe the first palladium-catalyzed highly diastereo- and enantioselective (3+2) cycloaddition of vinyl cyclopropanes bearing two different electron-withdrawing groups, a subset of D-A cyclopropanes. The key to the success of this reaction is the remote stereoinduction through hydrogen bond from chiral ligands, which thereby addressed the aforementioned challenge. A variety of chiral five-membered heterocycles were produced in good yields and with high stereoselectivity (up to 99 % yields, 99 : 1 er and >19 : 1 dr). In-depth mechanistic investigations, including control experiments and theoretical calculations, revealed the origin of the stereoselectivity and the importance of H-bonding in stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Miao-Miao Li
- Division of Molecular Catalysis & Synthesis, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zheng-Xin Zhou
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Meng-Yue Cao
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Liu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Hai-Hua Lu
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Li Rao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - André M Beauchemin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N6N5, Canada
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
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8
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Kong WJ, Kessler SN, Wu H, Bäckvall JE. Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of α-Allenyl Esters with Grignard Reagents for the Synthesis of 1,3-Dienes. Org Lett 2023; 25:120-124. [PMID: 36599130 PMCID: PMC9841610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Structurally diverse 1,3-dienes are valuable building blocks in organic synthesis. Herein we report the iron-catalyzed coupling between α-allenyl esters and Grignard reagents, which provides a fast and practical approach to a variety of complex substituted 1,3-dienes. The reaction involves an inexpensive iron catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and provides easy scale up.
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9
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Pavlíčková T, Stöckl Y, Marek I. Synthesis and Functionalization of Tertiary Propargylic Boronic Esters by Alkynyllithium-Mediated 1,2-Metalate Rearrangement of Borylated Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:8901-8906. [PMID: 36446049 PMCID: PMC9791689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Implementing the use of alkynyllithium reagents in a stereospecific 1,2-metalate rearrangement-mediated ring opening of polysubstituted cyclopropyl boronic esters provides a variety of tertiary pinacol boranes bearing adjacent tertiary or quaternary carbon stereocenters with high levels of diastereomeric purity. The potential of this strategy was demonstrated through a selection of α- and γ-functionalization of the propargyl boronic esters.
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10
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Wang W, Zhang F, Liu Y, Feng X. Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Construction of Vicinal All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters via Iridium/Europium Bimetallic Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208837. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Fangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yangbin Liu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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11
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Augustin AU, Di Silvio S, Marek I. Borylated Cyclopropanes as Spring-Loaded Entities: Access to Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters in Acyclic Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16298-16302. [PMID: 36041738 PMCID: PMC9479080 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we present the formation of acyclic frameworks
bearing
two consecutive stereocenters of either tertiary or quaternary nature
starting from easily accessible cyclopropenes. This holistic approach
involves a regio- and diastereoselective hydro- or carboborylation
of substituted cyclopropenyl esters. Formation of boronate complexes
of the latter via the addition of nucleophiles and subsequent stereospecific
1,2-migration with carbon–carbon bond cleavage delivered the
title compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- André U Augustin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
| | - Sergio Di Silvio
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
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12
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Liu B, Duan XY, Li J, Wu Y, Li Y, Qi J. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of 3,3'-Bisoxindoles with α-Bromoenals: Enantioselective Construction of Contiguous Quaternary Stereocenters. Org Lett 2022; 24:5929-5934. [PMID: 35947030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An NHC-catalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective [3 + 2] annulation of α-bromoenals with bisoxindoles is developed, affording efficient access to various spirocyclic bisoxindole alkaloids. This protocol tolerates a broad substrates scope, with various spirocyclic bisoxindoles obtained in generally excellent enantioselectivities. More importantly, two contiguous sterically congested all-carbon quaternary stereocenters are successfully created during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yatong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
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13
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Wang W, Zhang F, Liu Y, Feng X. Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Construction of Vicinal All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters via Iridium/Europium Bimetallic Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Fangqing Zhang
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology CHINA
| | - Yangbin Liu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory School of Chemical Biology CHINA
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Sichuan University College of Chemistry 29 Wangjiang Road, Jiuyan Bridge 610064 Chengdu CHINA
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14
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Chen X, Marek I. Stereoinvertive Nucleophilic Substitution at Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters of Cyclopropyl Ketones and Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203673. [PMID: 35471589 PMCID: PMC9324837 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A highly regio‐ and diastereoselective nucleophilic substitution at the quaternary carbon stereocenter of cyclopropyl ketones and cyclopropyl carbinol derivatives using TMSBr, DMPSCl and TMSN3 as nucleophiles has been developed. A variety of acyclic tertiary alkyl bromides, chlorides and azides were therefore prepared with excellent diastereopurity. The substitution occurs at the most substituted quaternary carbon center in a stereoinvertive manner, which may be attributed to the existence of a bicyclobutonium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
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15
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Tu HF, Nie YH, Zheng C, You SL. Ir‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Allylic Amination with Pyridones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Fei Tu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yu-Han Nie
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chao Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shu-Li You
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry CHINA
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16
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Chen X, Marek I. Stereoinvertive Nucleophilic Substitution at Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters of Cyclopropyl Ketones and Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 3200009 Israel
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17
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Moghadam FA, Hicks EF, Sercel ZP, Cusumano AQ, Bartberger MD, Stoltz BM. Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Dialkyl Malonates Enabling the Construction of Enantioenriched All-Carbon Quaternary Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7983-7987. [PMID: 35476460 PMCID: PMC10038141 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of malonates with trisubstituted allylic electrophiles to form all-carbon quaternary stereocenters is reported. This reaction proceeds at ambient temperature and enables the preparation of a wide range of enantioenriched products in up to 93% yield and 97% ee. The quaternary products can be readily converted to several valuable building blocks such as vicinal quaternary products and β-quaternary acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod A. Moghadam
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - Elliot F. Hicks
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - Zachary P. Sercel
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - Alexander Q. Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, MC 101-20, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Corresponding Author:
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18
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Liu XJ, Zhang WY, Zheng C, You SL. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution of Methyl Azaarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200164. [PMID: 35238122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution reaction of methyl azaarenes is described. Azaarenes such as (benzo)thiazole, oxazole, benzoimidazole, pyridine, and (iso)quinoline are all tolerated. The corresponding chiral azaarene derivatives are obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivity (up to 96 % yield and 99 % ee). The utilization of the Knochel reagent TMPZnBr⋅LiBr warrants the in situ formation of benzylic nucleophiles without additional activating reagents. 1 H NMR studies suggested a two-fold function of the Knochel reagent in this reaction. The synthetic utility of this method has been showcased by a concise enantioselective synthesis of an allosteric protein kinase modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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19
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Chakrabarty A, Mukherjee S. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective and Chemodivergent Allenylic Alkylation of Vinyl Azides for the Synthesis of α-Allenylic Amides and Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115821. [PMID: 35044711 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of α-allenylic amides and ketones through allenylic alkylation of vinyl azides is reported. In these chemodivergent reactions, cooperatively catalyzed by a IrI /(phosphoramidite,olefin) complex and Sc(OTf)3 , vinyl azides act as the surrogate for both amide enolates and ketone enolates. The desiccant (molecular sieves) plays a crucial role in controlling the chemodivergency of this enantioconvergent and regioselective reaction: Under otherwise identical reaction conditions, the presence of the desiccant led to α-allenylic amides, while its absence resulted in α-allenylic ketones. Utilizing racemic allenylic alcohols as the alkylating agent, the overall process represents a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT), where both the products are formed with the same absolute configuration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the use of vinyl azide as the ketone enolate surrogate in an enantioselective transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Chakrabarty
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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20
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Liu XJ, Zhang WY, Zheng C, You SL. Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution of Methyl Azaarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wen-Yun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chao Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shu-Li You
- Shanghai Inst Org Chem State Key Lab Organometallic Chem 345 Lingling Lu 200032 Shanghai CHINA
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21
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Chakrabarty A, Mukherjee S. Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective and Chemodivergent Allenylic Alkylation of Vinyl Azides for the Synthesis of α‐Allenylic Amides and Ketones**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Chakrabarty
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
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22
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Sawano T, Takeuchi R. Recent advances in iridium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution using phosphoramidite-alkene ligands. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00316c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This minireview describes the recent progress of iridium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic substitution using phosphoramidite-alkene ligands realizing highly enantioselective carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sawano
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Ryo Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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23
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Zhu WR, Su Q, Deng XY, Liu JS, Zhong T, Meng SS, Yi JT, Weng J, Lu G. Organocatalytic enantioselective SN1-type dehydrative nucleophilic substitution: access to bis(indolyl)methanes bearing quaternary carbon stereocenters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:170-177. [PMID: 35733509 PMCID: PMC9158264 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly general and straightforward approach to access chiral bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) bearing quaternary stereocenters has been realized via enantioconvergent dehydrative nucleophilic substitution. A broad range of 3,3′-, 3,2′- and 3,1′-BIMs were obtained under mild conditions with excellent efficiency and enantioselectivity (80 examples, up to 98% yield and >99 : 1 er). By utilizing racemic 3-indolyl tertiary alcohols as precursors of alkyl electrophiles and indoles as C–H nucleophiles, this organocatalytic strategy avoids pre-activation of substrates and produces water as the only by-product. Mechanistic studies suggest a formal SN1-type pathway enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. The practicability of the obtained enantioenriched BIMs was further demonstrated by versatile transformation and high antimicrobial activities (3al, MIC: 1 μg mL−1). A highly general and straightforward approach to access chiral bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) bearing quaternary stereocenters has been realized via enantioconvergent dehydrative nucleophilic substitution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Run Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shui Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Tao Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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24
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Liu B, Qi J, Wu Y, Li JH, Li Y, Duan XY. The N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulation of isoindigos with enals: the enantioselective construction of three contiguous stereogenic centers. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An NHC-catalyzed enantioselective [3 + 2] annulation of enals and isoindigo is introduced as an efficient strategy for the construction of dimeric spirocyclic bisindoline alkaloid derivatives with moderate yields and good enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yatong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
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25
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Zhang WD, Zou JY, Zhong Q, Li SS, Zhao J. Synergistic Pd/Cu-catalysed regio- and stereoselective borylation of allenylic carbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:1037-1040. [PMID: 34951424 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05854a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple Pd/Cu-catalyzed borylation of allenylic carbonates with B2Pin2 was developed using a cheap P(OEt)3 ligand. Under mild neutral conditions, 2-boryl 1,3-butadienes were obtained selectively in moderate to high yields. Furthermore, the use of different diboron reagents was also feasible in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jia-Yu Zou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Qin Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Shi-Sen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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26
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Doyle MGJ, Gabbey AL, McNutt W, Lundgren RJ. Enantioselective Tertiary Electrophile (Hetero)Benzylation: Pd‐Catalyzed Substitution of Isoprene Monoxide with Arylacetates**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. J. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Alexis L. Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Wesley McNutt
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Rylan J. Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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27
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Deng Y, Yang T, Wang H, Yang C, Cheng L, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. Recent Progress on Photocatalytic Synthesis of Ester Derivatives and Reaction Mechanisms. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:42. [PMID: 34668085 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Esters and their derivatives are distributed widely in natural products, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and other fields. Esters are important building blocks in pharmaceuticals such as clopidogrel, methylphenidate, fenofibrate, travoprost, prasugrel, oseltamivir, eszopiclone and fluticasone. Therefore, esterification reaction becomes more and more popular in the photochemical field. In this review, we highlight three types of reactions to synthesize esters using photochemical strategies. The reaction mechanisms involve mainly single electron transfer, energy transfer or other radical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Upgrade Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tianbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Upgrade Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Upgrade Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Upgrade Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Renhua Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Inferior Crude Oil Upgrade Processing of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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28
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Doyle MGJ, Gabbey AL, McNutt W, Lundgren RJ. Enantioselective Tertiary Electrophile (Hetero)Benzylation: Pd-Catalyzed Substitution of Isoprene Monoxide with Arylacetates*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26495-26499. [PMID: 34658132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective generation of quaternary carbon centers remains challenging but is of growing importance for the preparation of functional molecules. Metal catalyzed allylic alkylations of tertiary electrophiles can provide access to these substructures but remain generally incompatible with organometallic benzyl nucleophiles. Here we demonstrate that electron-deficient arylacetates can serve as benzyl nucleophile surrogates to generate enantioenriched acyclic molecules containing a quaternary carbon center via a two-step substitution-decarboxylation process using isoprene monoxide. Products are often obtained in >90 % ee using a commercially available catalyst. An array of electron-withdrawing functional groups on the arylacetate moiety are tolerated. The lactone generated by the initial substitution reaction can be used in further stereoselective transformations to prepare molecules with acyclic vicinal quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G J Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wesley McNutt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Rylan J Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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29
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Zhu Y, Wang H, Wang G, Wang Z, Liu Z, Liu L. Enantioselective Construction of Single and Vicinal All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters through Ion-Pair-Catalyzed 1,6-Conjugate Addition. Org Lett 2021; 23:7248-7253. [PMID: 34460272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric 1,6-conjugate addition to presynthesized δ-aryl-δ-cyano-disubstituted para-quinone methides through bifunctional phosphonium-amide-promoted ion-pair catalysis for acyclic all-carbon quaternary stereocenter construction has been described. Both acyclic and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls participate in the asymmetric alkylation reaction, furnishing a wide array of diarylmethanes bearing a single acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenter or vicinal cyclic and acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters with high efficiency and excellent stereoselectivity. Computational studies elucidate the origin of the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasheng Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhaopeng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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30
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Wang J, Yu J, Chen J, Jiang Y, Xiao T. Doyle-Kirmse reaction using 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfide and N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole: an efficient access to gem-difluoroallylated multifunctional quaternary carbon. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6974-6978. [PMID: 34338276 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Doyle-Kirmse reaction of N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazole with 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfide through a Rh(ii)-catalyzed [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement has been developed, which provides an efficient access to multifunctional quaternary centers containing aryl, imino, thio, and brominated gem-difluoroallyl groups. The reaction features broad substrate scope with moderate to excellent yields. The applicability of the method is confirmed by gram-scale synthesis and further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhuang Wang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Jingming South Road 727, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, P. R. of China.
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31
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Joshi BD, Chisholm JD. Formation of Pyrroloindolines via the Alkylation of Tryptamines with Trichloroacetimidates. Tetrahedron Lett 2021; 77:153256. [PMID: 34334833 PMCID: PMC8321311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyrroloindolines and related systems are present in a large number of complex natural products. These core structures have generated considerable synthetic interest, as many of the compounds possess challenging, elaborate structures and interesting biological properties. Recently we have focused on using trichloroacetimidates for the synthesis of these fascinating molecules. Trichloroacetimidates can be used as an electrophilic source of an alkyl group to form the pyrroloindoline directly from tryptamine derivatives. In this manner trichloroacetimidates provide a flexible solution to forming highly functionalized pyrroloindoline core structures, needing only a catalytic amount of a Lewis acid to effect the requisite transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar D Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
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32
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Liu X, Zhao C, Zhu R, Liu L. Construction of Vicinal Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters Through Diastereo- and Enantioselective Oxidative 1,6-Conjugate Addition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18499-18503. [PMID: 34278672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric construction of vicinal quaternary carbon stereocenters with at least one moiety in acyclic systems is a formidable challenge. We disclose a solution involving diastereo- and enantioselective oxidative 1,6-conjugate addition. The practical asymmetric cross-dehydrogenative coupling of 2,2-diarylacetonitriles and diverse α-substituted cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyls proceeds, for vicinal quaternary carbon stereocenters with one center in acyclic systems, in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. The generality of the approach is further demonstrated by the stereoselective creation of vicinal quaternary carbon stereocenters with both centers in acyclic systems using acyclic β-ketoesters as coupling partners. Computational studies elucidate the origins of both diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xigong Liu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Changyin Zhao
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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33
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Liu X, Zhao C, Zhu R, Liu L. Construction of Vicinal Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters Through Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Oxidative 1,6‐Conjugate Addition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xigong Liu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Changyin Zhao
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
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