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Karan G, Sahu S, Metya A, Maji MS. Asymmetric 1,2-Migration at Vicinal Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters Constructed from α-Keto Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405212. [PMID: 38721919 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A carbonyl-assisted asymmetric 1,2-migratory allylation through in situ generation of vicinal tetrasubstituted stereocenters is reported to access enantiopure α-amino ketones and amino alcohols with excellent yields and diastereoselectivities. In a remarkable divergence, despite higher steric hindrance, the allylation exclusively occurs on ketones over imines in the first step, followed by a face-selective 1,2-allyl transfer, thus highlighting an exciting interplay between two distinct electrophiles. The methodology distinguishes itself through its adaptability to gram-scale synthesis, showcasing broad functional-group tolerance and stereodivergence. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis led to a deeper understanding of its selectivity and mechanistic framework. Highlighting its transformative potential, the method was applied to the total synthesis of hapalindole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Karan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Abhisek Metya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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2
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Tang M, Lu H, Zu L. Collective total synthesis of stereoisomeric yohimbine alkaloids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:941. [PMID: 38296955 PMCID: PMC10830567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stereoisomeric polycyclic natural products are important for drug discovery-based screening campaigns, due to the close correlation of stereochemistry with diversified bioactivities. Nature generates the stereoisomeric yohimbine alkaloids using bioavailable monoterpene secolaganin as the ten-carbon building block. In this work, we reset the stage by the development of a bioinspired coupling, in which the rapid construction of the entire pentacyclic skeleton and the complete control of all five stereogenic centers are achieved through enantioselective kinetic resolution of an achiral, easily accessible synthetic surrogate. The stereochemical diversification from a common intermediate allows for the divergent and collective synthesis of all four stereoisomeric subfamilies of yohimbine alkaloids through orchestrated tackling of thermodynamic and kinetic preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haigen Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liansuo Zu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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3
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Sephton T, Charitou A, Trujillo C, Large JM, Butterworth S, Greaney MF. Aryne-Enabled C-N Arylation of Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310583. [PMID: 37850515 PMCID: PMC10952162 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Anilines are potentially high-value arylating agents, but are limited by the low reactivity of the strong C-N bond. We show that the reactive intermediate benzyne can be used to both activate anilines, and set-up an aryl transfer reaction in a single step. The reaction does not require any transition metal catalysts or stoichiometric organometallics, and establishes a metal-free route to valuable biaryl products by functionalizing the aniline C-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sephton
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | | | | | - Jonathan M. Large
- LifeArc, Accelerator BuildingOpen Innovation CampusStevenageSG1 2FXUK
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
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4
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Bui VH, Rodríguez-López CE, Dang TTT. Integration of discovery and engineering in plant alkaloid research: Recent developments in elucidation, reconstruction, and repurposing biosynthetic pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102379. [PMID: 37182414 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize tens of thousands of bioactive nitrogen-containing compounds called alkaloids, including some clinically important drugs in modern medicine. The discovery of new alkaloid structures and their metabolism in plants have provided ways to access these rich sources of bioactivities including new-to-nature compounds relevant to therapeutic and industrial applications. This review discusses recent advances in alkaloid biosynthesis discovery, including complete pathway elucidations. Additionally, the latest developments in the production of new and established plant alkaloids based on either biosynthesis or semisynthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hung Bui
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Carlos Eduardo Rodríguez-López
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico.
| | - Thu-Thuy T Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Irving K. Barber Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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5
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Yoshidome A, Sakamoto J, Kohara M, Shiomi S, Hokaguchi M, Hitora Y, Kitajima M, Tsukamoto S, Ishikawa H. Divergent Total Syntheses of Hetero-Oligomeric Iridoid Glycosides. Org Lett 2023; 25:347-352. [PMID: 36607173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Divergent total syntheses of the hetero-oligomeric iridoid glycosides mainly found in Dipsacus asper were achieved. Thus, loganin (1), which is important as a monomer unit, was efficiently synthesized by stereoselective reductive cyclization using secologanin (2) as a substrate. Sequential condensation reactions of derivatives of 1 and 2 as monomer units led to the first enantioselective total syntheses of the heterooligomers cantleyoside, (E)-aldosecologanin, dipsaperine, (3R, 5S)-5-carboxyvincosidic acid 22-loganin ester, and dipsanoside A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiho Yoshidome
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Jukiya Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kohara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shinya Shiomi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mako Hokaguchi
- Department of Natural Medicines, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yuki Hitora
- Department of Natural Medicines, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mariko Kitajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukamoto
- Department of Natural Medicines, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hayato Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Krishna RB, Moncy SH, Mohan C. Arynes as synthetic linchpins towards the construction of diversely functionalized natural product skeletons. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:479-488. [PMID: 36514934 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01975b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arynes are a privileged class of reactive intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry, and their unusual reactivities have been the subject of engrossing research interest. Recently, there are many reports on novel aryne-based synthetic innovations as a linchpin approach to accomplish the total synthesis of structurally diverse natural products or their derivatives in a racemic and enantiopure fashion. This review provides an overview of the literature on synthetic strategies, employing arynes as crucial intermediates to construct architecturally intriguing bioactive natural products/derivatives in a period of 2019 to 2022. This study highlights the need to investigate the effective synthesis and search for new biological uses of highly functionalized natural product skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bharath Krishna
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Shirin Hanna Moncy
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India
| | - Chithra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, India.
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Cao W, Dou Y, Kouklovsky C, Vincent G. Total Synthesis of Ophiorrhine A, G and Ophiorrhiside E Featuring a Bioinspired Intramolecular Diels–Alder Cycloaddition**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209135. [PMID: 35869029 PMCID: PMC9543224 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the first total synthesis of the monoterpene indole alkaloids ophiorrhine A via a late stage bioinspired intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition to form the intricate bridged and spirannic polycyclic system. Several strategies were investigated to construct the indolopyridone moiety of ophiorrhiside E, the postulated biosynthetic precursor of ophiorrhine A. Eventually, the Friedel–Crafts‐type coupling of N‐methyl indolyl‐acetamide with a secologanin‐derived acid chloride delivered ophiorrhine G. Cyclodehydration of a protected form of the latter was followed by the desired spontaneous intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition of protected ophiorrhiside E leading to ophiorrhine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'OrsayUniversité Paris-SaclayCNRS91405OrsayFrance
| | - Yingchao Dou
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'OrsayUniversité Paris-SaclayCNRS91405OrsayFrance
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'OrsayUniversité Paris-SaclayCNRS91405OrsayFrance
| | - Guillaume Vincent
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'OrsayUniversité Paris-SaclayCNRS91405OrsayFrance
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8
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Chimeric natural products derived from medermycin and the nature-inspired construction of their polycyclic skeletons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5169. [PMID: 36056035 PMCID: PMC9440243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Medermycin, produced by Streptomyces species, represents a family of antibiotics with significant activity against Gram-positive pathogens. The biosynthesis of this family of natural products has been studied, and new skeletons related to medermycin have rarely been reported until recently. Herein, we report eight chimeric medermycin-type natural products with unusual polycyclic skeletons. The formation of these compounds features some key nonenzymatic steps, which inspired us to construct complex polycyclic skeletons via three efficient one-step reactions under mild conditions. This strategy was further developed to efficiently synthesize analogues for biological activity studies. The synthetic compounds, chimedermycins L and M, and sekgranaticin B, show potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. This work paves the way for understanding the nonenzymatic formation of complex natural products and using it to synthesize natural product derivatives. Nonenzymatic reactions play an important part in the formation of some natural products possessing complex skeletons. Here, the authors report the discovery of eight chimeric medermycin-type natural products and their nonenzymatic construction.
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9
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Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of natural products and their analogs. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102759. [PMID: 35908314 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes continue to gain recognition as valuable tools in synthetic chemistry as they enable transformations, which elude conventional organochemical approaches. As such, the progressing expansion of the biocatalytic arsenal has introduced unprecedented opportunities for new synthetic strategies and retrosynthetic disconnections. As a result, enzymes have found a solid foothold in modern natural product synthesis for applications ranging from the generation of early chiral synthons to endgame transformations, convergent synthesis, and cascade reactions for the rapid construction of molecular complexity. As a primer to the state-of-the-art concerning strategic uses of enzymes in natural product synthesis and the underlying concepts, this review highlights selected recent literature examples, which make a strong case for the admission of enzymatic methodologies into the standard repertoire for complex small-molecule synthesis.
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10
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Cao W, Dou Y, Kouklovsky C, Vincent G. Total Synthesis of Ophiorrhine A, G and Ophiorrhiside E Featuring a Bioinspired Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Universite Paris-Saclay Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay FRANCE
| | - Yingchao Dou
- Universite Paris-Saclay Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay FRANCE
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Universite Paris-Saclay Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay FRANCE
| | - Guillaume Vincent
- Universite Paris-Saclay Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay 15, Boulevard Georges ClemenceauBat. 410 91405 Orsay FRANCE
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11
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Evolving New Chemistry: Biocatalysis for the Synthesis of Amine-Containing Pharmaceuticals. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis has become an attractive tool in modern synthetic chemistry both in academic and industrial settings, offering access to enantiopure molecules. In industry, biocatalysis found use in small molecule pharmaceutical development. For several amine-containing drugs, biotransformations were applied in the process routes, improving the original syntheses employing classical chemical methods. This review illustrates how and why biocatalysis has been applied to create safer, more efficient and less costly processes for the manufacture of chiral amine-containing pharmaceuticals and alkaloids. Several enzyme classes have been applied to syntheses of natural products, pharmaceutical products and their intermediates, including transaminases, imine reductases, monoamine oxidases and Pictet-Spenglerases. The routes with and without application of biocatalysis are compared, and the potential of these enzyme classes in redesigned synthetic routes to natural products, alkaloids and high-value chemicals is evaluated, using syntheses of sitagliptin, suvorexant, PF-04449913, MK-7246, vernakalant, GSK-2879552, boceprevir and (−)-strictosidine as examples. Application of biocatalysis in the synthesis of amine-containing pharmaceuticals constitutes a greener alternative to transition metal-catalysed routes, facilitates installation of chiral amine functionalities at a late stage of the synthesis and provides exquisite stereocontrol. Opportunities and challenges of biocatalysis for the synthesis of chiral amines are reviewed with respect to use in drug discovery and development.
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Misa J, Billingsley JM, Niwa K, Yu RK, Tang Y. Engineered Production of Strictosidine and Analogues in Yeast. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1639-1649. [PMID: 35294193 PMCID: PMC9171786 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are an expansive class of plant natural products, many of which have been named on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Low production from native plant hosts necessitates a more reliable source of these drugs to meet global demand. Here, we report the development of a yeast-based platform for high-titer production of the universal MIA precursor, strictosidine. Our fed-batch platform produces ∼50 mg/L strictosidine, starting from the commodity chemicals geraniol and tryptamine. The microbially produced strictosidine was purified to homogeneity and characterized by NMR. Additionally, our approach enables the production of halogenated strictosidine analogues through the feeding of modified tryptamines. The MIA platform strain enables rapid access to strictosidine for reconstitution and production of downstream MIA natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Misa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - John M. Billingsley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kanji Niwa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rachel K. Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Anthony S, Wonilowicz LG, McVeigh MS, Garg NK. Leveraging Fleeting Strained Intermediates to Access Complex Scaffolds. JACS AU 2021; 1:897-912. [PMID: 34337603 PMCID: PMC8317162 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Arynes, strained cyclic alkynes, and strained cyclic allenes were validated as plausible intermediates in the 1950s and 1960s. Despite initially being considered mere scientific curiosities, these transient and highly reactive species have now become valuable synthetic building blocks. This Perspective highlights recent advances in the field that have allowed access to structural and stereochemical complexity, including recent breakthroughs in asymmetric catalysis.
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Abou-Hamdan H, Guillot R, Kouklovsky C, Vincent G. Synthesis of a Seco iso-Secologanin Aglycone Analogue of Interest toward Secoiridoids and Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9244-9252. [PMID: 34129330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the access to an acyclic iso-secologanin aglycone analogue relevant to secoiridoids and monoterpene indole alkaloids. Its synthesis involved the regioselective allylic alkylation of a linear dienyl carbonate with dimethyl malonate, which was catalyzed by an iridium complex, and an anti-Markovnikov Wacker-type oxidation of the terminal alkene of the branched product that was obtained. The thus-formed aldehyde was engaged in a Pictet-Spengler reaction with tryptamine toward monoterpene indole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Abou-Hamdan
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Vincent
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
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