1
|
Smuda M, Elsner N, Ströh J, Pienack N, Radulovic R, Khadiev A, Terraschke H, Ruck M, Doert T. In situ Investigations of the Formation Mechanism of Metastable γ-BiPd Nanoparticles in Polyol Reductions. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300103. [PMID: 38088589 PMCID: PMC11164024 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthesizing intermetallic phases containing noble metals often poses a challenge as the melting points of noble metals often exceed the boiling point of bismuth (1560 °C). Reactions in the solid state generally circumvent this issue but are extremely time consuming. A convenient method to overcome these obstacles is the co-reduction of metal salts in polyols, which can be performed within hours at moderate temperatures and even allows access to metastable phases. However, little attention has been paid to the formation mechanisms of intermetallic particles in polyol reductions. Identifying crucial reaction parameters and finding patterns are key factors to enable targeted syntheses and product design. Here, we chose metastable γ-BiPd as an example to investigate the formation mechanism from mixtures of metal salts in ethylene glycol and to determine critical factors for phase formation. The reaction was also monitored by in situ X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Products, intermediates and solutions were characterized by (in situ) X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the first step of the reaction, elemental palladium precipitates. Increasing temperature induces the reduction of bismuth cations and the subsequent rapid incorporation of bismuth into the palladium cores, yielding the γ-BiPd phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Smuda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Noah Elsner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Jonas Ströh
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Str. 224118KielGermany
| | - Nicole Pienack
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Str. 224118KielGermany
| | - Rastko Radulovic
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Str. 224118KielGermany
| | - Azat Khadiev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607HamburgGermany
| | - Huayna Terraschke
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Str. 224118KielGermany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of SolidsNöthnizer Str. 4001187DresdenGermany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nguyen Q, Kim EM, Ding Y, Janssen A, Wang C, Li KK, Kim J, Fichthorn KA, Xia Y. Elucidating the Role of Reduction Kinetics in the Phase-Controlled Growth on Preformed Nanocrystal Seeds: A Case Study of Ru. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12040-12052. [PMID: 38554283 PMCID: PMC11066843 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the crucial role of reduction kinetics in phase-controlled synthesis of noble-metal nanocrystals using Ru nanocrystals as a case study. We found that the reduction kinetics played a more important role than the templating effect from the preformed seed in dictating the crystal structure of the deposited overlayers despite their intertwined effects on successful epitaxial growth. By employing two different polyols, a series of Ru nanocrystals with tunable sizes of 3-7 nm and distinct patterns of crystal phase were synthesized by incorporating different types of Ru seeds. Notably, the use of ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol consistently resulted in the formation of Ru shell in natural hexagonal close-packed (hcp) and metastable face-centered cubic (fcc) phases, respectively, regardless of the size and phase of the seed. Quantitative measurements and theoretical calculations suggested that this trend was a manifestation of the different reduction kinetics associated with the precursor and the chosen polyol, which, in turn, affected the reduction pathway (solution versus surface) and packing sequence of the deposited Ru atoms. This work not only underscores the essential role of reduction kinetics in controlling the packing of atoms and thus the phase taken by Ru nanocrystals but also suggests a potential extension to other noble-metal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh
N. Nguyen
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - Yong Ding
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Annemieke Janssen
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chenxiao Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Kei Kwan Li
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Junseok Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - Kristen A. Fichthorn
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania
State University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- The
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zheng L, Xu L, Gu P, Chen Y. Lattice engineering of noble metal-based nanomaterials via metal-nonmetal interactions for catalytic applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7841-7861. [PMID: 38563756 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Noble metal-based nanomaterials possess outstanding catalytic properties in various chemical reactions. However, the increasing cost of noble metals severely hinders their large-scale applications. A cost-effective strategy is incorporating noble metals with light nonmetal elements (e.g., H, B, C, N, P and S) to form noble metal-based nanocompounds, which can not only reduce the noble metal content, but also promote their catalytic performances by tuning their crystal lattices and introducing additional active sites. In this review, we present a concise overview of the recent advancements in the preparation and application of various kinds of noble metal-light nonmetal binary nanocompounds. Besides introducing synthetic strategies, we focus on the effects of introducing light nonmetal elements on the lattice structures of noble metals and highlight notable progress in the lattice strain engineering of representative core-shell nanostructures derived from these nanocompounds. In the meantime, the catalytic applications of the light element-incorporated noble metal-based nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future perspectives in the development of noble metal-nonmetal based nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie Y, Yang Z. Morphological and Coordination Modulations in Iridium Electrocatalyst for Robust and Stable Acidic OER Catalysis. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300129. [PMID: 37229769 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water splitting (PEMWS) technology has high-level current density, high operating pressure, small electrolyzer-size, integrity, flexibility, and has good adaptability to the volatility of wind power and photovoltaics, but the development of both active and high stability of the anode electrocatalyst in acidic environment is still a huge challenge, which seriously hinders the promotion and application of PEMWS. In recent years, researchers have made tremendous attempts in the development of high-quality active anode electrocatalyst, and we summarize some of the research progress made by our group in the design and synthesis of PEMWS anode electrocatalysts with different nanostructures, and makes full use of electrocatalytic activity points to increase the inherent activity of Iridium (Ir) sites, and provides optimization strategies for the long-term non-decay of catalysts under high anode potential in acidic environments. At this stage, these research advances are expected to facilitate the research and technological progress of PEMWS, and providing some research ideas and references for future research on efficient and inexpensive PEMWS anode electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Xie
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China, University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo RD, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zehui Yang
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China, University of Geosciences Wuhan, 388 Lumo RD, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences, Hangzhou, 311305, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lai KC, Liu DJ, Evans JW. Nucleation-mediated reshaping of facetted metallic nanocrystals: Breakdown of the classical free energy picture. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104102. [PMID: 36922149 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Shape stability is key to avoiding degradation of performance for metallic nanocrystals synthesized with facetted non-equilibrium shapes to optimize properties for catalysis, plasmonics, and so on. Reshaping of facetted nanocrystals is controlled by the surface diffusion-mediated nucleation and growth of new outer layers of atoms. Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation of a realistic stochastic atomistic-level model is applied to precisely track the reshaping of Pd octahedra and nanocubes. Unexpectedly, separate constrained equilibrium Monte Carlo analysis of the free energy profile during reshaping reveals a fundamental failure of the classical nucleation theory (CNT) prediction for the reshaping barrier and rate. Why? Nucleation barriers can be relatively low for these processes, so the system is not locally equilibrated before crossing the barrier, as assumed in CNT. This claim is supported by an analysis of a first-passage problem for reshaping within a master equation framework for the model that reasonably captures the behavior in KMC simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- King C Lai
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Da-Jiang Liu
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - James W Evans
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames National Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang C, Huang Z, Ding Y, Xie M, Chi M, Xia Y. Facet-Controlled Synthesis of Platinum-Group-Metal Quaternary Alloys: The Case of Nanocubes and {100} Facets. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2553-2560. [PMID: 36576951 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a robust method for the facet-controlled synthesis of nanocrystals with an ultrathin shell made of a nearly equimolar RuRhPdPt quaternary alloy. Our strategy involves the use of well-defined Rh cubic seeds, halide-free precursors, and a method for precisely controlling the reaction kinetics of different precursors. In the setting of dropwise addition, the precursors with different reactivities can be reduced at about the same pace for the generation of an alloy with a uniform and well-controlled composition. The core-shell nanocubes show greatly enhanced activity toward ethanol oxidation when benchmarked against Pd and Pt counterparts. Combining in situ and ex situ electron microscopy studies, we also demonstrate that the core-shell nanocubes possess good thermal and electrochemical stability in terms of both geometrical shape and elemental composition, with their cubic shape and alloy composition retained when annealing at 500 °C or after long-term electrochemical cycling. It is expected that the synthetic approach can be further extended to fabricate multimetallic catalysts with enhanced activities toward a variety of thermal and electrochemical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zhennan Huang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yong Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Minghao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguyen QN, Wang C, Shang Y, Janssen A, Xia Y. Colloidal Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: From Asymmetrical Growth to Symmetry Breaking. Chem Rev 2022; 123:3693-3760. [PMID: 36547384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystals offer a unique platform for tailoring the physicochemical properties of solid materials to enhance their performances in various applications. While most work on controlling their shapes revolves around symmetrical growth, the introduction of asymmetrical growth and thus symmetry breaking has also emerged as a powerful route to enrich metal nanocrystals with new shapes and complex morphologies as well as unprecedented properties and functionalities. The success of this route critically relies on our ability to lift the confinement on symmetry by the underlying unit cell of the crystal structure and/or the initial seed in a systematic manner. This Review aims to provide an account of recent progress in understanding and controlling asymmetrical growth and symmetry breaking in a colloidal synthesis of noble-metal nanocrystals. With a touch on both the nucleation and growth steps, we discuss a number of methods capable of generating seeds with diverse symmetry while achieving asymmetrical growth for mono-, bi-, and multimetallic systems. We then showcase a variety of symmetry-broken nanocrystals that have been reported, together with insights into their growth mechanisms. We also highlight their properties and applications and conclude with perspectives on future directions in developing this class of nanomaterials. It is hoped that the concepts and existing challenges outlined in this Review will drive further research into understanding and controlling the symmetry breaking process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quynh N. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Chenxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Yuxin Shang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Annemieke Janssen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo H, Liu Y, Dong H, Zong W, Chu K, Li W, Fan Z, He G, Miao YE, Parkin IP, Lai F, Liu T. Soluble porous organic cages as homogenizers and electron-acceptors for homogenization of heterogeneous alloy nanoparticle catalysts with enhanced catalytic activity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:2428-2437. [PMID: 36566066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The creation of ultrafine alloy nanoparticles (<5 nm) that can maintain surface activity and avoid aggregation for heterogeneous catalysis has received much attention and is extremely challenging. Here, ultrafine PtRh alloy nanoparticles imprisoned by the cavities of reduced chiral covalent imine cage (PtRh@RCC3) are prepared successfully by an organic molecular cage (OMC) confinement strategy, while the soluble RCC3 can act as a homogenizer to homogenize the heterogeneous PtRh alloy in solution. Moreover, the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) results show that the RCC3 can act as an electron-acceptor to withdraw electrons from Pt, leading to the formation of higher valence Pt atoms, which is beneficial to improving the catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Attributed to the synergistic effect of Pt/Rh atoms and the unique function of the RCC3, the reaction rate constants of Pt1Rh16@RCC3 are 49.6, 8.2, and 5.5 times than those of the Pt1Rh16 bulk, Pt@RCC3 and Rh@RCC3, respectively. This work provides a feasible strategy to homogenize heterogeneous alloy nanoparticle catalysts in solution, showing huge potential for advanced catalytic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hele Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Yali Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wei Zong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Christopher Ingold Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Kaibin Chu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Weiwei Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongli Fan
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guanjie He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Yue-E Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Christopher Ingold Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Feili Lai
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Department of Molecular Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen PZ, Skirzynska A, Yuan T, Voznyy O, Gu FX. Asymmetric Interfacet Adatom Migration as a Mode of Anisotropic Nanocrystal Growth. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19417-19429. [PMID: 36226909 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crystals are known to grow nonclassically or via four classical modes (the layer-by-layer, dislocation-driven, dendritic, and normal modes, which generally involve minimal interfacet surface diffusion). The field of nanoscience considers this framework to interpret how nanocrystals grow; yet, the growth of many anisotropic nanocrystals remains enigmatic, suggesting that the framework may be incomplete. Here, we study the solution-phase growth of pentatwinned Au nanorods without Br, Ag, or surfactants. Lower supersaturation conditions favored anisotropic growth, which appeared at variance with the known modes. Temporal electron microscopy revealed kinetically limited adatom funneling, as adatoms diffused asymmetrically along the vicinal facets (situated inbetween the {100} side-facets and {111} end-facets) of our nanorods. These vicinal facets were perpetuated throughout the synthesis and, especially at lower supersaturation, facilitated {100}-to-vicinal-to-{111} adatom diffusion. We derived a growth model from classical theory in view of our findings, which showed that our experimental growth kinetics were consistent with nanorods growing via two modes simultaneously: radial growth occurred via the layer-by-layer mode on {100} side-facets, whereas the asymmetric interfacet diffusion of adatoms to {111} end-facets mediated longitudinal growth. Thus, shape anisotropy was not driven by modulating the relative rates of monomer deposition on different facets, as conventionally thought, but rather by modulating the relative rates of monomer integration via interfacet diffusion. This work shows how controlling supersaturation, a thermodynamic parameter, can uncover distinct kinetic phenomena on nanocrystals, such as asymmetric interfacet surface diffusion and a fundamental growth mode for which monomer deposition and integration occur on different facets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Z Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S3E5, Canada
| | - Arianna Skirzynska
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S3E5, Canada
| | - Tiange Yuan
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ONM1C1A4, Canada
| | - Oleksandr Voznyy
- Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ONM1C1A4, Canada
| | - Frank X Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Facile Synthesis of Urchin-like Hollow Au Crystals for In Situ SERS Monitoring of Photocatalytic Reaction. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12070884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hollow urchin-like Au nanocrystals have been widely studied due to their excellent surface plasmon resonance properties and large specific surface area, but the controllable preparation of hollow urchin-like Au nanocrystals is still a challenge. In this article, we successfully prepared hollow urchin-like Au nanocrystals using HAuCl4·3H2O and AgNO3 as precursors and ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. No surface ligands or polymer stabilizers are required in the preparation process. HAuCl4·3H2O and AgNO3 will first form AgCl cubes, then the reducing agent, ascorbic acid, will reduce the Au3+ in the solution to Au0, and Au0 will be deposited on the pre-formed AgCl cubes to form AgCl@Au nanocrystals. We characterized the morphology of the prepared Au nanocrystals by scanning electron microscopy and found that by increasing the amount of HAuCl4·3H2O in the reaction, the surface morphology of the Au nanocrystals would change from a rough spherical shape to an urchin-like shape. By further increasing the amount of the precursor HAuCl4·3H2O, urchin-like Au will convert into flake-like morphology. The AgCl in the interior was removed with ammonia water, and finally, hollow urchin-like Au crystals were formed. In addition, we used R6G molecule to explore the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enhancement effect of prepared Au crystals. The results show that the minimum detectable concentration of R6G reaches 10−8 M. Moreover, we applied hollow urchin-like Au nanocrystals as catalysts and SERS enhancing materials to detect the photocatalytic reaction of 4-NTP. We used a 785 nm laser as both the SERS light source and the catalytic light source to monitor the photocatalytic effect of the laser on 4-NTP in situ by adjusting the laser power.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen PZ, Clasky AJ, Gu FX. Theoretical framework and experimental methodology to elucidate the supersaturation dynamics of nanocrystal growth. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:376-384. [PMID: 35075470 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00572c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Supersaturation is the fundamental parameter driving crystal formation, yet its dynamics in the growth of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate an approach to characterize supersaturation during classical NC growth. We develop a framework that relates noninvasive measurements of the temporal, size-dependent optical properties of growing NCs to the supersaturation dynamics underlying their growth. Using this approach, we investigate the seed-mediated growth of colloidal Au nanocubes, identifying a triphasic sequence of supersaturation dynamics: rapid monomer consumption, sustained supersaturation, and then gradual monomer depletion. These NCs undergo different shape evolutions in different phases of the supersaturation dynamics. As shown with the Au nanocubes, elucidated supersaturation profiles enable the prediction of growth profiles of NCs. We then apply these insights to rationally modulate NC shape evolutions, decreasing the yield of impurity products. Our findings reveal that the supersaturation dynamics of NC growth can be more complex than previously understood. As our approach is applicable to many types of NCs undergoing classical growth, this work presents an initial step towards more deeply interpreting the phenomena governing nanoscale crystal growth and provides insight for the rational design of NCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Z Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Aaron J Clasky
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - Frank X Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ou P, Song F, Yang Y, Shao J, Hua Y, Yang S, Wang H, Luo Y, Liao J. WO 3· nH 2O Crystals with Controllable Morphology/Phase and Their Optical Absorption Properties. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8833-8839. [PMID: 35309490 PMCID: PMC8928508 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a one-step hydrothermal route is developed to prepare WO3·nH2O crystals with various morphology/phases, for which any surfactants, templates, or structure-directing agents are not used. Five types of WO3·nH2O crystals, including o-WO3·H2O nanoplates, rectangular m-WO3 nanosheets, o-WO3·0.33H2O microspheres, h-WO3 nanorods, and bundle-like h-WO3 hierarchical structures, are successfully obtained by adjusting the amount of H2SO4 and reaction temperature. According to the experimental results, the formation mechanism for various WO3·nH2O species is proposed. In addition, the optical absorption properties of these WO3·nH2O crystals are also investigated by UV-vis absorption spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Ou
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi
University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Fangzhen Song
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi
University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yuhuan Yang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi
University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Junqi Shao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi
University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yusen Hua
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi
University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Materials
Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion, School of Material
Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hebin Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi
University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yudong Luo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi
University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Testing
Center, Agro-product Quality and Safety
of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330046, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Light alloying element-regulated noble metal catalysts for energy-related applications. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
14
|
Zhu Z, Feng K, Li C, Tang R, Xiao M, Song R, Yang D, Yan B, He L. Stabilization of Exposed Metal Nanocrystals in High-Temperature Heterogeneous Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108727. [PMID: 34816506 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal metal nanocrystals with uniform sizes, shapes, compositions, and architectures are ideal building blocks for constructing heterogeneous catalysts with well-defined characteristics toward the investigation of accurate structure-property relationships and better understanding of catalytic mechanism. However, their applications in high-temperature heterogeneous catalysis are often restricted by the difficulty in maintaining the high metal dispersity and easy accessibility to active sites under harsh operating conditions. Here, a partial-oxide-coating strategy is proposed to stabilize metal nanocrystals against sintering and meanwhile enable an effective exposure of active sites. As a proof-of-concept, controlled partial silica coating of colloidally prepared Pd0.82 Ni0.18 nanocrystals with the size of 8 nm is demonstrated. This partially coated catalyst exhibits excellent activity, selectivity, and stability, outperforming its counterparts with fully coated and supported structures, in reverse water gas shift (RWGS) catalysis particularly at high operating temperatures. This study opens a new avenue for the exploration of colloidal metal nanocrystals in high-temperature heterogeneous catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kai Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rui Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Xiao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Rui Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Binhang Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Le He
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smuda M, Ströh J, Pienack N, Khadiev A, Terraschke H, Ruck M, Doert T. In situ investigation of the formation mechanism of α-Bi 2Rh nanoparticles in polyol reductions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17405-17415. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02273g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of Bi2Rh formation in a polyol process revealed a two-step mechanism. BiRh is formed by co-reduction of bismuth and rhodium cations and converted into Bi2Rh by Bi diffusion. Various starting materials and reaction parameters are examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Smuda
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Ströh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicole Pienack
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Azat Khadiev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Huayna Terraschke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, öthnizer Str 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang J, Ji L, Li X, Wu X, Qian N, Li J, Yan Y, Yang D, Zhang H. Facile synthesis of PdSn alloy octopods through the Stranski–Krastanov growth mechanism as electrocatalysts towards the ethanol oxidation reaction. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pd72Sn28 octopods synthesized through the Stranski–Krastanov growth mode exhibited remarkably enhanced catalytic performance for the EOR relative to commercial Pd/C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingqiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningkang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- BTR New Material Group CO., LTD., GuangMing District, Shenzhen 518106, People's Republic of China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Advanced Semiconductors, Hangzhou Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen Z, Fichthorn KA. Adsorption of alkylamines on Cu surfaces: identifying ideal capping molecules using first-principles calculations. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18536-18545. [PMID: 34730161 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We used dispersion-corrected density-functional theory to perform an in silico search over a series of primary alkylamines, including linear, branched, and cyclic molecules, to identify capping molecules for shape-selective Cu nanocrystal synthesis. We identify several attributes associated with successful capping agents. Generally, molecules with good geometric matching to the Cu surfaces possessed the strongest molecule-surface chemical bonds. However, non-bonding van der Waals interactions and molecular packing constraints can play a more significant role in determining the overall binding energy, the surface coverage, and the likely efficacy of the capping molecule. Though nearly all the molecules exhibited stronger binding to Cu(100) than to Cu(111), all predicted Wulff shapes are primarily {111}-faceted, based on ab initio thermodynamics calculations. From predicted capping-molecule densities on Cu(100) and Cu(111) for various solution environments, we identified several candidate molecules to produce {100}- or {111}-faceted nanocrystals with kinetic shapes, based on synthesis conditions used to grow Cu nanowires with ethylenediamine capping agent. Our study reveals the complexity of capping-molecule binding and important considerations that go into the selection of a successful capping agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Kristen A Fichthorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|