1
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Tang S, Xu H, Dang Y, Yu S. Photoexcited Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic C(sp 3)-H Acyloxylation of Acyclic Internal Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:27196-27203. [PMID: 39288447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c11145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The functionalization of C-H bonds streamlines the synthesis of complex molecules by eliminating the need for substrate preactivation. Traditionally, the Kharasch-Sosnovsky reaction, which directly oxidizes allylic C-H bonds into allylic esters under copper catalysis, has been hampered by long reaction times, limited substrate scope, and low enantioselectivity with acyclic olefins. Herein, we present a novel, visible light-driven, copper-catalyzed asymmetric Kharasch-Sosnovsky reaction that overcomes these challenges. This method expands the substrate scope to include acyclic internal alkenes and improves reaction conditions using eco-friendly visible light catalysis. It enhances radical reactivity and achieves superior enantioselectivity and regioselectivity in producing allylic C-H acyloxylation products. This breakthrough significantly advances direct C-H functionalization techniques, offering a more efficient and sustainable approach to synthesizing chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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He XK, Lu LQ, Yuan BR, Luo JL, Cheng Y, Xiao WJ. Desymmetrization-Addition Reaction of Cyclopropenes to Imines via Synergistic Photoredox and Cobalt Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18892-18898. [PMID: 38968086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we designed a reaction for the desymmetrization-addition of cyclopropenes to imines by leveraging the synergy between photoredox and asymmetric cobalt catalysis. This protocol facilitated the synthesis of a series of chiral functionalized cyclopropanes with high yield, enantioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity (44 examples, up to 93% yield and >99% ee). A possible reaction mechanism involving cyclopropene desymmetrization by Co-H species and imine addition by Co-alkyl species was proposed. This study provides a novel route to important chiral cyclopropanes and extends the frontier of asymmetric metallaphotoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Kui He
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 Bingang North Road, Wuhan 430080, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Ru Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Long Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 Bingang North Road, Wuhan 430080, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Li B, Zhang HH, Luo Y, Yu S, Goddard Iii WA, Dang Y. Interception of Transient Allyl Radicals with Low-Valent Allylpalladium Chemistry: Tandem Pd(0/II/I)-Pd(0/II/I/II) Cycles in Photoredox/Pd Dual-Catalytic Enantioselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Homocoupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6377-6387. [PMID: 38385755 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
We present comprehensive computational and experimental studies on the mechanism of an asymmetric photoredox/Pd dual-catalytic reductive C(sp3)-C(sp3) homocoupling of allylic electrophiles. In stark contrast to the canonical assumption that photoredox promotes bond formation via facile reductive elimination from high-valent metal-organic species, our computational analysis revealed an intriguing low-valent allylpalladium pathway that features tandem operation of Pd(0/II/I)-Pd(0/II/I/II) cycles. Specifically, we propose that (i) the photoredox/Pd system enables the in situ generation of allyl radicals from low-valent Pd(I)-allyl species, and (ii) effective interception of the fleeting allyl radical by the chiral Pd(I)-allyl species results in the formation of an enantioenriched product. Notably, the cooperation of the two pathways highlights the bifunctional role of Pd(I)-allyl species in the generation and interception of transient allyl radicals. Moreover, the mechanism implies divergent substrate-activation modes in this homocoupling reaction, suggesting a theoretical possibility for cross-coupling. Combined, the current study offers a novel mechanistic hypothesis for photoredox/Pd dual catalysis and highlights the use of low-valent allylpalladium as a means to efficiently intercept radicals for selective asymmetric bond constructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongrui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - William A Goddard Iii
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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4
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Ghorai D, Garcia-Roca A, Tóth BL, Benet-Buchholz J, Kleij AW. Ni-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Homoallylic Coupling: Synthesis of Chiral Branched 1,5-Dienes Featuring a Quaternary Stereogenic Center and Mechanistic Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314865. [PMID: 37931062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of small molecules comprising quaternary stereogenic carbon centers represents a challenging objective. Here regio- and enantioselective synthesis of chiral 1,5-dienes featuring quaternary stereocenters is reported via nickel-promoted by reductive homoallylic coupling. The developed methodology features an atypical preference for the formation of unusual branched regioisomers (rr >20 : 1) in a sterically challenging allylic substitution event and furnishes the products with enantiomeric ratios of up to 98 : 2 and with high chemo- and E-selectivity. A range of experimental evidences suggest that zinc plays a dual role to generate electrophilic and nucleophilic Ni(II)-allyl intermediates empowering a unique formal bimetallic cross-electrophile manifold in two separate kinetic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Ghorai
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aleria Garcia-Roca
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Balázs L Tóth
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Jiang H, He XK, Jiang X, Zhao W, Lu LQ, Cheng Y, Xiao WJ. Photoinduced Cobalt-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of Dialdehydes to Access Axial Chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6944-6952. [PMID: 36920031 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective metallaphotoredox catalysis, which combines photoredox catalysis and asymmetric transition-metal catalysis, has become an effective approach to achieve stereoconvergence under mild conditions. Although many impressive synthetic approaches have been developed to access central chirality, the construction of axial chirality by metallaphotoredox catalysis still remains underexplored. Herein, we report two visible light-induced cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric reductive couplings of biaryl dialdehydes to synthesize axially chiral aldehydes (60 examples, up to 98% yield, >19:1 dr, and >99% ee). This protocol shows good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Kui He
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 Bingang North Road, Wuhan 430083, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cheng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 Bingang North Road, Wuhan 430083, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 Bingang North Road, Wuhan 430083, P. R. China
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6
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Chen Q, Zhang R, Dang Y. Mechanistic explorations on the decarboxylative allylation of amino esters via dual photoredox and palladium catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1138-1142. [PMID: 36636962 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies reveal that the decarboxylative allylation of amino esters via dual photoredox and palladium catalysis occurs via oxidation giving π-allyl-Pd(II) species and carboxylate, which is oxidized by *Ir(III)-catalyst offering benzyl radicals. The alkylated product is formed via an SN2 pathway. Single-electron transfer between Pd(I)-species and Ir(II)-catalysis restores both catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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7
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Li K, Long X, Zhu S. Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis-Enabled Modular Synthesis of Arylallyl Alcohols with Acetylene as the Two-Carbon Synthon. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangkui Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xianyang Long
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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8
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Lv L, Qian H. Developments and applications of allyl-(aza)allyl coupling reactions. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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9
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Tang S, Zhang HH, Yu S. Enantioselective reductive allylic alkylation enabled by dual photoredox/palladium catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1153-1156. [PMID: 36628922 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06705f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A dual photoredox/palladium catalyzed regio- and enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of allylic acetates with tertiary/secondary alkyl bromides has been achieved, and Hantzsch ester is used as a homogeneous organic reductant. This straightforward protocol enables the stereoselective construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction involves radical pathways and a chiral Pd complex enables the control of the regio- and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. .,School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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10
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Gu ZY, Li WD, Li YL, Cui K, Xia JB. Selective Reductive Coupling of Vinyl Azaarenes and Alkynes via Photoredox Cobalt Dual Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213281. [PMID: 36178079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced Co-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective reductive coupling of vinyl azaarenes and alkynes has been developed. Notably, Hünig's base together with simple ethanol has been successfully applied as the hydrogen sources instead of commonly used Hantzsch esters in this catalytic photoredox reaction. This approach has considerable advantages for the straightforward synthesis of stereodefined multiple substituted alkenes bearing an azaarene motif, such as excellent regioselectivity (>20 : 1 for >30 examples) and stereoselectivity (>20 : 1 E/Z), broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility under mild reaction conditions, which has been utilized in the concise synthesis of natural product monomorine I. A reasonable catalytic reaction pathway involving protolysis of the cobaltacyclopentene intermediate has been proposed based on the mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Textiles and Clothing, Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224003, China
| | - Wen-Duo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ji-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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11
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Cui K, Li YL, Li G, Xia JB. Regio- and Stereoselective Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Crotononitrile. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23001-23009. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 21181, China
| | - Yan-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gongqiang Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 21181, China
| | - Ji-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Zhou H, Fan R, Yang J, Sun X, Liu X, Wang XC. N, N-Diisopropylethylamine-Mediated Electrochemical Reduction of Azobenzenes in Dichloromethane. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14536-14543. [PMID: 36269896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a cathodic reduction-dominated electrochemical approach for the hydrogenation of azobenzenes in dichloromethane. With cheap and readily available N,N-diisopropylethylamine as a catalytic mediator, the reaction proceeded smoothly in a simple undivided cell under constant-current electrolysis. A series of azobenzenes were successfully reduced to the corresponding hydrazobenzenes in moderate to high yields at room temperature. Preliminarily mechanistic studies indicate that solvent dichloromethane acts as a hydrogen source. The use of a common solvent as a hydrogen source, no need for stoichiometric mediators or metallic reductants, and mild conditions make this work a more straightforward and sustainable protocol for hydrogenation of azobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.,College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rundong Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jingya Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ximei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xi-Cun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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13
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Ding W, Li M, Fan J, Cheng X. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic 4-pyridinylation via electroreductive substitution reaction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5642. [PMID: 36163325 PMCID: PMC9512896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective pyridinylation is important for providing chiral compounds bearing heterocycles of pharmaceutical interests. 4-CN-pyrinde is extensively applied in the radical pyridinylation reaction, however, its' enantioselective application is highly challenging. To achieve this goal, we propose an electrochemical catalytic activation of 4-CN-pyridine with a chiral transition metal complex instead of direct cathodic reduction. The chiral catalyst acts as the electron mediator and the transition metal catalysis in turn. The radical species from 4-CN-pyridine is captured via radical rebound by chiral catalyst, and undergoes enantioselective pyridinylation reaction. Here, we show the first method for catalytic asymmetric allylic 4-pyridinylation reactions using 4-CN-pyridine under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ding
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinkun Fan
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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14
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Lu Q, Guan H, Wang YE, Xiong D, Lin T, Xue F, Mao J. Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Cross-Coupling between Vinyl Bromides and Benzyl Chlorides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8048-8058. [PMID: 35666844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted nickel/photoredox-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling reaction between vinyl bromides and benzyl chlorides is reported. A diverse array of enantioenriched allylic centers containing products could be achieved in good yields (up to 90%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee). The mechanistic studies show that this reductive cross-coupling involves a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Haixing Guan
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China.,Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yan-En Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tingzhi Lin
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xue
- Institute of Material Physics & Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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15
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Gao X, Chang R, Rao J, Hao D, Zhang Z, Zhou CY, Guo Z. Halogen-Bonding-Promoted C-H Malonylation of Indoles under Visible-Light Irradiation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8198-8202. [PMID: 35612828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a halogen-bonding-based electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex-promoted photoreaction for the synthesis of C2-malonylated indoles. The protocol provides access to a broad range of functionalized indoles in good yields through the coupling reaction of indoles with diethyl bromomalonate under visible-light irradiation without the need for any transition-metal catalyst or photocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebo Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxin Rao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Hao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuxia Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
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16
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Sun K, Shi A, Liu Y, Chen X, Xiang P, Wang X, Qu L, Yu B. A general electron donor-acceptor complex for photoactivation of arenes via thianthrenation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5659-5666. [PMID: 35694358 PMCID: PMC9116284 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01241c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
General photoactivation of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes between arylsulfonium salts and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane with visible light or natural sunlight was discovered. This practical and efficient mode enables the production of aryl radicals under mild conditions, providing an unrealized opportunity for two-step para-selective C-H functionalization of complex arenes. The novel mode for generating aryl radicals via an EDA complex was well supported by UV-vis absorbance measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance titration experiments, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The method was applied to the regio- and stereo-selective arylation of various N-heterocycles under mild conditions, yielding an assembly of challengingly linked heteroaryl-(hetero)aryl products. Remarkably, the meaningful couplings of bioactive molecules with structurally complex drugs or agricultural pharmaceuticals were achieved to display favorable in vitro antitumor activities, which will be of great value in academia or industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Anzai Shi
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yan Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Material, College of Materials Engineering, Henan University of Engineering Zhengzhou 451191 China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Panjie Xiang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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17
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Lv L, Qian H, Crowell AB, Chen S, Li Z. Pd/NHC-Controlled Regiodivergent Defluorinative Allylation of gem-Difluorocyclopropanes with Allylboronates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Huijun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Anna B. Crowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Zhiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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18
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Zheng J, Tang N, Xie H, Breit B. Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Hydroaminoalkylation of Dienol Ethers Enabled by Dual Palladium/Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200105. [PMID: 35170841 PMCID: PMC9314026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation (HAA) of alkenes have emerged as a powerful method for the construction of alkyl amines. Although there are some studies aiming at stereoselective photocatalytic HAA reactions, the alkenes are limited to electrophilic alkenes. Herein, we report a highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective HAA of electron-rich dienol ethers and α-amino radicals derived from α-amino acids using a unified photoredox and palladium catalytic system. This decarboxylative 1,2-Markovnikov addition enables the construction of vicinal amino tertiary ethers with high levels of regio- (up to >19 : 1 rr), diastereo- (up to >19 : 1 dr), and enantioselectivity control (up to >99 % ee). Mechanistic studies support a reversible hydropalladation as a key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Nana Tang
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische ChemieAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104Freiburg im BreisgauGermany
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19
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Zheng J, Tang N, Xie H, Breit B. Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Hydro‐aminoalkylation of Dienol Ethers Enabled by Dual Palladium/Pho‐toredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Nana Tang
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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20
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Song C, Zhang HH, Yu S. Regio- and Enantioselective Decarboxylative Allylic Benzylation Enabled by Dual Palladium/Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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21
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Bai X, Qian L, Zhang HH, Yu S. Enantioselective Radical S N2-Type Alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts Using Dual Photoredox/Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:8322-8326. [PMID: 34672603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective radical alkylation of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines with Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts has been reported. The SN2-type products are predominant. This reaction is enabled by dual photoredox/palladium catalysis. The alkylation products are provided in good yields with good regio- and enantioselectivity. The use of Ding's spiroketal-based bis(phosphine) (SKP) ligand is crucial to achieving satisfactory regio- and enantioselectivity. The resultant α,β-unsaturated ester can be easily reduced to a synthetically useful chiral allyl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linlin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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