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Chen YX, Yu H, Wu L, Tong YJ, Xu J, Pang H, Wu C, Tian T, Ouyang G. Unlocking multi-photon excited luminescence in pyrazolate trinuclear gold clusters for dynamic cell imaging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7356. [PMID: 39191759 PMCID: PMC11350157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The family of coinage-metal-based cyclic trinuclear complexes exhibits abundant photophysical properties, promising for diverse applications. However, their utility in biochemistry is often hindered by large particle size and strong hydrophobicity. Meanwhile, the investigation into multi-photon excited luminescence within this family remained undocumented, limiting their potential in bio-imaging. Herein, we unveil the multi-photon excited luminescent properties of pyrazolate-based trinuclear gold(I) clusters, facilitated by excimeric gold(I)···gold(I) interactions, revealing a nonlinear optical phenomenon within this family. Furthermore, to address issues of poor biocompatibility, we employ electrospinning coupled with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin as the matrix to fabricate a flexible, durable, transparent, and red emissive film with a photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 88.3%. This strategy not only produces the film with sufficient hydrophilicity and stability, but also achieves the downsizing of trinuclear gold(I) clusters from microscale to nanoscale. Following the instantaneous dissolution of the film in the media, the released trinuclear gold(I) nanoparticles have illuminated cells and bacteria through a real-time, non-toxic, multi-photon bio-imaging approach. This achievement offers a fresh approach for utilizing coinage-metal-based cyclic trinuclear complexes in biochemical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Chen
- GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Haidong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, PR China
| | - Lihua Wu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yuan-Jun Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Huan Pang
- Institute of Innovation Materials and Energy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, PR China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China.
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Innovation Materials and Energy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, PR China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- GBRCE for Functional Molecular Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, PR China.
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Lei Z, Zhao P, Guan ZJ, Nan ZA, Ehara M, Wang QM. 'Passivated Precursor' Approach to All-Alkynyl-Protected Gold Nanoclusters and Total Structure Determination of Au 130. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401094. [PMID: 38797717 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
A 'passivated precursor' approach is developed for the efficient synthesis and isolation of all-alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters. Direct reduction of dpa-passivated precursor Au-dpa (Hdpa=2,2'-dipyridylamine) in one-pot under ambient conditions gives a series of clusters including Au22(C≡CR)18 (R=-C6H4-2-F), Au36(C≡CR)24, Au44(C≡CR)28, Au130(C≡CR)50, and Au144(C≡CR)60. These clusters can be well separated via column chromatography. The overall isolation yield of this series of clusters is 40 % (based on gold), which is much improved in comparison with previous approaches. It is notable that the molecular structure of the giant cluster Au130(C≡CR)50 is revealed, which presents important information for understanding the structure of the mysterious Au130 nanoclusters. Theoretical calculations indicated Au130(C≡CR)50 has a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap than Au130(S-C6H4-4-CH3)50. This facile and reliable synthetic approach will greatly accelerate further studies on all-alkynyl-protected gold nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Inorganic Oxygenated Materials, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 444-8585, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ang Nan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, 444-8585, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
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Zeng L, Zhou M, Jin R. Evolution of Excited-State Behaviors of Gold Complexes, Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300687. [PMID: 38547007 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanomaterials have been extensively investigated owing to their unique properties in contrast to bulk counterparts. Gold nanoparticles (e. g., 3-100 nm) show quasi-continuous energy bands, while gold nanoclusters (<3 nm) and complexes exhibit discrete energy levels and display entirely different photophysical properties than regular nanoparticles. This review summarizes the electronic dynamics of these three types of gold materials studied by ultrafast spectroscopy. Briefly, for gold nanoparticles, their electronic relaxation is dominated by heat dissipation between the electrons and the lattice. In contrast, gold nanoclusters exhibit single-electron transitions and relatively long excited-state lifetimes being analogous to molecules. In gold complexes, the excited-state dynamics is dominated by intersystem crossing and phosphorescence. A detailed understanding of the photophysical properties of gold nanocluster materials is still missing and thus calls for future efforts. The fundamental insights into the discrete electronic structure and the size-induced evolution in quantum-sized nanoclusters will promote the exploration of their applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zeng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Ma X, Zhang Q, Li J, Zhang L, Li G, Zhang Z, Yu H, Zhu M. Bimetallic Ag 125Cu 8 Nanocluster, Structure Determination, and Nonlinear Optical Properties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8775-8781. [PMID: 38696247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The atomic precision of the subnanometer nanoclusters has provided sound proof on the structural correlation of metal complexes and larger-sized metal nanoparticles. Herein, we report the synthesis, crystallography, structural characterization, electrochemistry, and optical properties of a 133-atom intermetallic nanocluster protected by 57 thiolates (3-methylbenzenethiol, abbreviated as m-MBTH) and 3 chlorides, with the formula of Ag125Cu8(m-MBT)57Cl3. This is the largest Ag-Cu bimetallic cluster ever reported. Crystallographic analysis revealed that the nanocluster has a three-layer concentric core-shell structure, Ag7@Ag47@Ag71Cu8S57Cl3, and the Ag54 metal kernel adopts a D5h symmetry. The nuclei number is between that of the previously reported large silver cluster [Ag136(SR)64Cl3Ag0.45]- and the large silver-rich cluster Au130-xAgx(SR)55 (x = 98). All these three clusters bear a similar metallic core structure, while the main structural difference lies in the shell motif structures. Electron counting revealed an open electron shell with 73 delocalized electrons, which was verified by the electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. The DPV electrochemical measurement indicates a multielectron state quantization double-layer charging shape and single-electron sequential charging and discharging characteristic of the AgCu alloy cluster. In addition, the open-hole Z-scan test reveals the nonlinear optical absorption (2-3 optical absorption in the NIR-II/III region) of Ag125Cu8 nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Lidi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Guang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Devices, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Haizhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
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5
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Bai M, Qin L, Zeng XM, Wu M, Yao LY, Yang GY. Dithiocarbonate-Protected Au 25 Nanorods of a Chiral D5 Configuration and NIR-II Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12734-12742. [PMID: 38592928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Innovative surface-protecting ligands are in constant demand due to their crucial role in shaping the configuration, property, and application of gold nanoclusters. Here, the unprecedented O-ethyl dithiocarbonate (DTX)-stabilized atomically precise gold nanoclusters, [Au25(PPh3)10(DTX)5Cl2]2+ (Au25DTX-Cl) and [Au25(PPh3)10(DTX)5Br2]2+ (Au25DTX-Br), were synthesized and structurally characterized. The introduction of bidentate DTX ligands not only endowed the gold nanocluster with unique staggered Au25 nanorod configurations but also generated the symmetry breaking from the D5d geometry of the Au25 kernels to the chiral D5 configuration of the Au25 molecules. The chirality of Au25 nanorods was notably revealed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and chiral separation was induced by employing chiral DTX ligands. The staggered configurations of Au25 nanorods, as opposed to eclipsed ones, were responsible for the large red shift in the emission wavelengths, giving rise to a promising near-infrared II (NIR-II, >1000 nm) phosphorescence. Furthermore, their performances in photocatalytic sulfide oxidation and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions have been examined, and it has been demonstrated that the outstanding catalytic activity of gold nanoclusters is highly related to their stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Lin Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ming Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Minjian Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Liao-Yuan Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
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6
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Lin Z, Cai C, Chen W, Deng Q, Yang J, Huang K, Deng H, Lin X, Chen W, Yao W. Micelle-mediated chemiluminescence of 6-aza-2-thiothymine-protected gold nanoclusters for carbazochrome sodium sulfonate detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123738. [PMID: 38086230 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of luminol-H2O2 system was dramatically enhanced by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelle-mediated 6-aza-2-thiothymine-protected gold nanoclusters (ATT-AuNCs). It is proved that spherical micelles of CTAB in aqueous solution improved the dispersity of ATT-AuNCs, thus enhancing their catalytic activity, which brought in the increased CL intensity of luminol-H2O2 system. Carbazochrome sodium sulfonate (CSS) with a hemostatic containing tetrahydroindole structure broke the spherical micelles and notably quenched the CL intensity of luminol-H2O2-CTAB-ATT AuNCs system. Based on these results, a simple, fast, and sensitive CL method has been developed for the detection of CSS with a linear range of 0.25-25 μM and a detection limit of 0.11 μM. The method has also been successfully applied to the determination of CSS in serum with satisfied recoveries in the range of 89.6 % to 103.7 %. This study not only provides an effective approach for CSS detection but also paves the way for AuNCs-based CL applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Chuangui Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jialin Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Kaiyuan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Wensong Yao
- College of Medical Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China.
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7
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Zheng X, Liu Y, Ma W, Su Y, Wang Y. The structure-activity relationship of copper hydride nanoclusters in hydrogenation and reduction reactions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1374-1379. [PMID: 38419875 PMCID: PMC10898441 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01145c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Copper hydrides are highly active catalysts in hydrogenation reactions and reduction processes. Three Stryker-type copper hydride nanoclusters (NCs), [(TPP)CuH]6, [(TCP)CuH]6 and [(TOP)CuH]6 (TPP = triphenylphosphine, TCP = tricyclohexylphosphine and TOP = tri-n-octylphosphine), were synthesized in this study. Due to variations in the electron-donating properties of the phosphine ligands, the UV-visible absorption spectra of the three NCs exhibited notable distinctions. The influence of the phosphine ligands on the effectiveness of the NCs as hydride sources in hydrogenation processes, as well as on the applicability as homogeneous catalysts for reduction reactions, was systematically studied. Due to the highest electron-donating properties of the TOP ligand, [(TOP)CuH]6 was found to exhibit superior performance in both hydrogenation reactions and catalytic reduction reactions. Moreover, these hydrophobic NCs worked well as heterogeneous catalysts in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
- IRIS Adlershof & The Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
- IRIS Adlershof & The Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Wanli Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
- IRIS Adlershof & The Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 12489 Berlin Germany
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8
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Si WD, Zhang C, Zhou M, Wang Z, Feng L, Tung CH, Sun D. Arylgold nanoclusters: Phenyl-stabilized Au 44 with thermal-controlled NIR single/dual-channel phosphorescence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm6928. [PMID: 38354237 PMCID: PMC10866543 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm6928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Arylation of gold holds paramount importance in the domain of organometallic chemistry; however, the exploration of arylgold nanoclusters remains in its infancy primarily due to the synthetic challenge. Here, we present a facile and effective arylation strategy to directly synthesize two arylgold nanoclusters (Au44a and Au44b), by using tetraarylborates, capable of transferring aryl fragments to metal centers. X-ray crystallography reveals that both Au44 nanoclusters contain an Au44 kernel co-protected by six aryl groups, two tetrahydrothiophene, and 16 alkynyl-ether ligands, the latter is generated in situ through Williamson ether reaction during the assembly processes. Notably, Au44 nanoclusters exhibit near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescence (λmax = 958 nm) and microsecond radiative relaxation at ambient condition, which is a thermal-controlled single/dual-channel phosphorescent emission revealed by temperature-dependent NIR, time-resolved emission, and femtosecond/nanosecond transition absorption spectra. This work represents a breakthrough in using aryl as protective ligands for the construction of gold nanoclusters, which is poised to have a transformative impact on organometallic nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
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Liu Z, Luo L, Jin R. Visible to NIR-II Photoluminescence of Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309073. [PMID: 37922431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as a new class of precision materials and attracted wide interest in recent years. One of the unique properties of such nanoclusters pertains to their photoluminescence (PL), for it can widely span visible to near-infrared-I and -II wavelengths (NIR-I/II), and even beyond 1700 nm by manipulating the size, structure, and composition. The current research efforts focus on the structure-PL correlation and the development of strategies for raising the PL quantum yields, which is nontrivial when moving from the visible to the near-infrared wavelengths, especially in the NIR-II regions. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field, including i) the types of PL observed in gold NCs such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, and thermally activated delayed fluorescence, as well as dual emission; ii) some effective strategies that are devised to improve the PL quantum yield (QY) of gold NCs, such as heterometal doping, surface rigidification, and core phonon engineering, with double-digit QYs for the NIR PL on the horizons; and iii) the applications of luminescent gold NCs in bioimaging, photosensitization, and optoelectronics. Finally, the remaining challenges and opportunities for future research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Lianshun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
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Yang S, Gong T, Dai Y, Xiao X, Liu J, Chen L, Zhao J. An Unusual Bismuth-Antimony-Europium Cluster-Imbedded Polyoxotungstate and Its Bidirectional Luminescence Detection. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17861-17869. [PMID: 37844198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented aggregate formed by two bismuth-antimony-europium cluster-imbedded tungsten-oxo clusters and one Krebs-type polyoxotungstate linker [H2N(CH3)2]14Na30H6[W4O10][B-β-BiW9O33]2{[Bi5.35Sb0.65Eu3O9(H2O)9][B-α-SbW9O33]3}2·124H2O (1) was prepared. The polyoxoanion skeleton of 1 contains a Krebs-type polyoxotungstate [W4O10][B-β-BiW9O33]2}14- ({Bi2W22}) (1a) as a linker that offers six active coordinate O atoms (two μ3-O and four μ2-O atoms) to grasp two Bi-Sb-Eu cluster-imbedded tungsten-oxo clusters {[Bi5.35Sb0.65Eu3O9(H2O)9][B-α-SbW9O33]3}18- (1b) through Bi-O-W and Sb-O-W bonds. 1b comprises an unprecedented nona-nuclearity Bi-Sb-Eu [Bi5.35Sb0.65Eu3O9(H2O)9]9+ cluster encircled by three trivacant [B-α-SbW9O33]9-segments in a triangular motif through Eu-O-W, Sb-O-W, and Bi-O-W linkages into a trilobal trimer. Moreover, a bidirectional detection method by using 1 as an effective luminescence probe was proposed to recognize both Mn2+ and CO32- through an "on-off-on" mode. 1 can be used as an "on-off" luminescent sensor to detect Mn2+ ions in aqueous solution. The limit of detection was 0.05 μM (9 × 10-6 mg L-1), which is much lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for Mn2+ concentration in drinking water (0.05 mg L-1). Then the Mn2+-quenching system can be used as an "off-on" sensor to detect CO32- in water system. This work provides a new research idea for the application of rare-earth-imbedded polyoxotungstate-based materials in the field of optical smart detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Tiantian Gong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yongchao Dai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xinxian Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Jiancai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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11
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Hu F, Guan ZJ, Yuan SF, Wang QM. Alkynyl-Protected Bimetallic Nanoclusters with a Hybrid Mackay Icosahedral Ag 42 Cu 12 Cl Kernel and an Octahedral Ag 22 Cu 12 Kernel. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300605. [PMID: 37550250 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
A facile strategy that directly reduces alkynyl-silver precursors and copper salts for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoclusters using the weak reducing agent Ph2 SiH2 is demonstrated. Two alkynyl-protected concentric-shell nanoclusters, (Ph4 P)2 [Ag22 Cu12 (C≡CR)28 ] and (Ph4 P)3 [Ag42 Cu12 Cl(C≡CR)36 ] (Ag22 Cu12 and Ag42 Cu12 Cl, R=bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), were successfully obtained and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry. For the first time, a hybrid 55-atom two-shell Mackay icosahedron was found in Ag42 Cu12 Cl, which is icosahedral M54 Cl instead of M55 . The incorporation of a chloride in the metal icosahedron contributes to the stability of the cluster from both electronic and geometric aspects. Alkynyl ligands show various binding-modes including linear "RC≡C-Cu-C≡CR" staple motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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12
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Ali M, Lin IN. Developing tiny-sized particles, different modification behaviors of gold atoms, and nucleating distorted particles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3871-3878. [PMID: 37496626 PMCID: PMC10367953 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The study of tiny-sized particles is beneficial in many ways. This has been the subject of many studies. The development of a tiny-sized particle depends on the attained dynamics of the atoms. In the development process of a tiny-sized particle, gold atoms must deal with different modification behaviors. Photons traveling along the air-solution interface also alter the characteristics of a developing tiny-sized particle. The electronic structures, modification behaviors, and attained dynamics of the atoms mainly contribute toward the development of tiny-sized particles. Energy under the supplied source and the local resulting forces collectively bind gold atoms. Both internally and externally driven dynamics influence the development process of different tiny-sized particles. Atoms in such developed tiny-sized particles do not experience the collective oscillations upon photons traveling along the air-solution interface. In the study of binding atoms, it is essential to consider the roles of both energy and force. Here, the development of tiny particles having different sizes presents a convincing discussion. Nucleating a distorted particle from the non-uniform amalgamation of tiny-sized particles is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Ali
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Campus, Park Road 45550 Pakistan
| | - I-Nan Lin
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University Tamsui District New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan
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13
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Qiao L, Pollard N, Senanayake RD, Yang Z, Kim M, Ali AS, Hoang MT, Yao N, Han Y, Hernandez R, Clayborne AZ, Jones MR. Atomically precise nanoclusters predominantly seed gold nanoparticle syntheses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4408. [PMID: 37479703 PMCID: PMC10362052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed-mediated synthesis strategies, in which small gold nanoparticle precursors are added to a growth solution to initiate heterogeneous nucleation, are among the most prevalent, simple, and productive methodologies for generating well-defined colloidal anisotropic nanostructures. However, the size, structure, and chemical properties of the seeds remain poorly understood, which partially explains the lack of mechanistic understanding of many particle growth reactions. Here, we identify the majority component in the seed solution as an atomically precise gold nanocluster, consisting of a 32-atom Au core with 8 halide ligands and 12 neutral ligands constituting a bound ion pair between a halide and the cationic surfactant: Au32X8[AQA+•X-]12 (X = Cl, Br; AQA = alkyl quaternary ammonium). Ligand exchange is dynamic and versatile, occurring on the order of minutes and allowing for the formation of 48 distinct Au32 clusters with AQAX (alkyl quaternary ammonium halide) ligands. Anisotropic nanoparticle syntheses seeded with solutions enriched in Au32X8[AQA+•X-]12 show narrower size distributions and fewer impurity particle shapes, indicating the importance of this cluster as a precursor to the growth of well-defined nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Division of Fundamental Research, Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Nia Pollard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | | | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Minjung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Arzeena S Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Minh Tam Hoang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Nan Yao
- Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yimo Han
- Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Rigoberto Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Andre Z Clayborne
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
- Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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14
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Guo Z, Yu G, Zhang Z, Han Y, Guan G, Yang W, Han MY. Intrinsic Optical Properties and Emerging Applications of Gold Nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206700. [PMID: 36620937 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The collective oscillation of free electrons at the nanoscale surface of gold nanostructures is closely modulated by tuning the size, shape/morphology, phase, composition, hybridization, assembly, and nanopatterning, along with the surroundings of the plasmonic surface located at a dielectric interface with air, liquid, and solid. This review first introduces the physical origin of the intrinsic optical properties of gold nanostructures and further summarizes stimuli-responsive changes in optical properties, metal-field-enhanced optical signals, luminescence spectral shaping, chiroptical response, and photogenerated hot carriers. The current success in the landscape of nanoscience and nanotechnology mainly originates from the abundant optical properties of gold nanostructures in the thermodynamically stable face-centered cubic (fcc) phase. It has been further extended by crystal phase engineering to prepare thermodynamically unfavorable phases (e.g., kinetically stable) and heterophases to modulate their intriguing phase-dependent optical properties. A broad range of promising applications, including but not limited to full-color displays, solar energy harvesting, photochemical reactions, optical sensing, and microscopic/biomedical imaging, have fostered parallel research on the multitude of physical effects occurring in gold nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Guo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guo Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yandong Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guijian Guan
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Ming-Yong Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
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15
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Li Y, Zhao S, Zang S. Programmable kernel structures of atomically precise metal nanoclusters for tailoring catalytic properties. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220005. [PMID: 37933377 PMCID: PMC10624382 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The unclear structures and polydispersity of metal nanoparticles (NPs) seriously hamper the identification of the active sites and the construction of structure-reactivity relationships. Fortunately, ligand-protected metal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomically precise structures and monodispersity have become an ideal candidate for understanding the well-defined correlations between structure and catalytic property at an atomic level. The programmable kernel structures of atomically precise metal NCs provide a fantastic chance to modulate their size, shape, atomic arrangement, and electron state by the precise modulating of the number, type, and location of metal atoms. Thus, the special focus of this review highlights the most recent process in tailoring the catalytic activity and selectivity over metal NCs by precisely controlling their kernel structures. This review is expected to shed light on the in-depth understanding of metal NCs' kernel structures and reactivity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Hui Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Material, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
| | - Shu‐Na Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Material, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Material, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
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16
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Jia T, Guan ZJ, Zhang C, Zhu XZ, Chen YX, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Sun D. Eight-Electron Superatomic Cu 31 Nanocluster with Chiral Kernel and NIR-II Emission. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10355-10363. [PMID: 37104621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the inherent instability caused by the low Cu(I)/Cu(0) half-cell reduction potential, Cu(0)-containing copper nanoclusters are quite uncommon in comparison to their Ag and Au congeners. Here, a novel eight-electron superatomic copper nanocluster [Cu31(4-MeO-PhC≡C)21(dppe)3](ClO4)2 (Cu31, dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) is presented with total structural characterization. The structural determination reveals that Cu31 features an inherent chiral metal core arising from the helical arrangement of two sets of three Cu2 units encircling the icosahedral Cu13 core, which is further shielded by 4-MeO-PhC≡C- and dppe ligands. Cu31 is the first copper nanocluster carrying eight free electrons, which is further corroborated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Interestingly, Cu31 demonstrates the first near-infrared (750-950 nm, NIR-I) window absorption and the second near-infrared (1000-1700 nm, NIR-II) window emission, which is exceptional in the copper nanocluster family and endows it with great potential in biological applications. Of note, the 4-methoxy groups providing close contacts with neighboring clusters are crucial for the cluster formation and crystallization, while 2-methoxyphenylacetylene leads only to copper hydride clusters, Cu6H or Cu32H14. This research not only showcases a new member of copper superatoms but also exemplifies that copper nanoclusters, which are nonluminous in the visible range may emit luminescence in the deep NIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jia
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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17
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Liu LJ, Alkan F, Zhuang S, Liu D, Nawaz T, Guo J, Luo X, He J. Atomically precise gold nanoclusters at the molecular-to-metallic transition with intrinsic chirality from surface layers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2397. [PMID: 37100794 PMCID: PMC10133330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The advances in determining the total structure of atomically precise metal nanoclusters have prompted extensive exploration into the origins of chirality in nanoscale systems. While chirality is generally transferrable from the surface layer to the metal-ligand interface and kernel, we present here an alternative type of gold nanoclusters (138 gold core atoms with 48 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiolate surface ligands) whose inner structures are not asymmetrically induced by chiral patterns of the outermost aromatic substituents. This phenomenon can be explained by the highly dynamic behaviors of aromatic rings in the thiolates assembled via π - π stacking and C - H···π interactions. In addition to being a thiolate-protected nanocluster with uncoordinated surface gold atoms, the reported Au138 motif expands the size range of gold nanoclusters having both molecular and metallic properties. Our current work introduces an important class of nanoclusters with intrinsic chirality from surface layers rather than inner structures and will aid in elucidating the transition of gold nanoclusters from their molecular to metallic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fahri Alkan
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Shengli Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tehseen Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Deng G, Lee K, Deng H, Malola S, Bootharaju MS, Häkkinen H, Zheng N, Hyeon T. Alkynyl-Protected Chiral Bimetallic Ag 22 Cu 7 Superatom with Multiple Chirality Origins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217483. [PMID: 36581588 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the origin of chirality in the nanostructured materials is essential for chiroptical and catalytic applications. Here we report a chiral AgCu superatomic cluster, [Ag22 Cu7 (C≡CR)16 (PPh3 )5 Cl6 ](PPh4 ), Ag22 Cu7 , protected by an achiral alkynyl ligand (HC≡CR: 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylacetylene). Its crystal structure comprises a rare interpenetrating biicosahedral Ag17 Cu2 core, which is stabilized by four different types of motifs: one Cu(C≡CR)2 , four -C≡CR, two chlorides and one helical Ag5 Cu4 (C≡CR)10 (PPh3 )5 Cl4 . Structural analysis reveals that Ag22 Cu7 exhibits multiple chirality origins, including the metal core, the metal-ligand interface and the ligand layer. Furthermore, the circular dichroism spectra of R/S-Ag22 Cu7 are obtained by employing appropriate chiral molecules as optical enrichment agents. DFT calculations show that Ag22 Cu7 is an eight-electron superatom, confirm that the cluster is chirally active, and help to analyze the origins of the circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Deng
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangjae Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongwen Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Sami Malola
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Megalamane S Bootharaju
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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19
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Abad JM, Pita M, De Lacey AL. Single-Electron Charging of Thioctic Acid Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1452-1456. [PMID: 36735627 PMCID: PMC9940197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is great interest in the use of Monolayer-Protected Gold Clusters (AuMPCs) as nanoscale capacitors in aqueous media for nanobiotechnological applications, such as bioelectrocatalysts, biofuel cells, and biosensors. However, AuMPCs exhibiting subattofarad double-layer capacitance at room temperature, and the resolution of single-electron charging, has been mainly obtained in an organic medium with nonfunctional capping ligands. We report here the synthesis of Thioctic Acid Monolayer-Protected Au Clusters (TA-AuMPCs) showing electrochemical single electron quantized capacitance charging in organic and aqueous solutions and when immobilized onto different self-assembled monolayer-modified gold electrodes. The presence of functional carboxylic groups opens a simple strategy for interfacing a nanoparticle assembly to biomolecules for their use as electron donors or acceptors in biological electron transfer reactions.
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20
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Bevilacqua M, Roverso M, Bogialli S, Graiff C, Biffis A. From Au 11 to Au 13: Tailored Synthesis of Superatomic Di-NHC/PPh 3-Stabilized Molecular Gold Nanoclusters. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1383-1393. [PMID: 36638827 PMCID: PMC9890486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new method to synthesize molecular gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) stabilized by phosphine (PR3) and di-N-heterocyclic carbene (di-NHC) ligands. The interaction of di-NHC gold(I) complexes, with the general formula [(di-NHC)Au2Cl2] with well-known [Au11(PPh3)8Cl2]Cl clusters provides three new classes of AuNCs through a controllable reaction sequence. The synthesis involves an initial ligand metathesis reaction to produce [Au11(di-NHC)(PPh3)6Cl2]+ (type 1 clusters), followed by a thermally induced rearrangement/metal complex addition with the formation of Au13 clusters [Au13(di-NHC)2(PPh3)4Cl4]+ (type 2 clusters). Finally, an additional metathesis process yields [Au13(di-NHC)3(PPh3)3Cl3]2+ (type 3 clusters). The electronic and steric properties of the employed di-NHC ligand affect the product distribution, leading to the isolation and full characterization of different clusters as the main product. A type 3 cluster has been also structurally characterized and was preliminarily found to be strongly emissive in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bevilacqua
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy,Consorzio
per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi (CIRCC), c/o Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via
F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Roverso
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Graiff
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Biffis
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy,Consorzio
per le Reattività Chimiche e la Catalisi (CIRCC), c/o Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova, Via
F. Marzolo 1, 35131Padova, Italy,
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21
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Guan ZJ, Li JJ, Hu F, Wang QM. Structural Engineering toward Gold Nanocluster Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209725. [PMID: 36169269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters provide great opportunities to explore the relationship between the structure and properties of nanogold catalysts. A nanocluster consists of a metal core and a surface ligand shell, and both the core and shell have significant effects on the catalytic properties. Thanks to their precise structures, the active metal site of the clusters can be readily identified and the effects of ligands on catalysis can be disclosed. In this Minireview, we summarize recent advances in catalytic research of gold nanoclusters, emphasizing four strategies for constructing open metal sites, including by post-treatment, the bulky ligands strategy, the surface geometric mismatch method, and heteroatom doping procedures. We also discuss the effects of ligands on the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of gold cluster catalysts. Finally, we present future challenges relating to gold cluster catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
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22
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Zhou C, Pan P, Wei X, Lin Z, Chen C, Kang X, Zhu M. Horizontal expansion of biicosahedral M 13-based nanoclusters: resolving decades-long questions. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1397-1403. [PMID: 36196687 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For metal nanoclusters with the "cluster of clusters" intramolecular evolution pattern, most efforts have been made towards the vertical superposition of icosahedral nanobuilding blocks (e.g., from mono-icosahedral Au13 to bi-icosahedral Au25 and tri-icosahedral Au37), while the horizontal expansion of these rod-shaped multi-icosahedral aggregates was largely neglected. We herein report the horizontal expansion of the biicosahedral M25 cluster framework, yielding an [Au19Ag12(S-Adm)6(DPPM)6Cl7]2+ nanocluster that contains an Au13Ag12 kernel and six Au1(DPPM)1(S-Adm)1 peripheral wings. The structural determination of [Au19Ag12(S-Adm)6(DPPM)6Cl7]2+ resolved a decades-long question towards rod-shaped multi-icosahedral aggregates: how to load bidentate phosphine and bulky thiol ligands onto the nanocluster framework? The structural comparison between [Au19Ag12(S-Adm)6(DPPM)6Cl7]2+ and previously reported [Au13Ag12(PPh3)10Cl8]2+ or [Au13Ag12(SR)5(PPh3)10Cl2]2+ rationalized the unique packing of Au1(DPPM)1(S-Adm)1 motif structures on the surface of the former nanocluster. Overall, this work presents the horizontal expansion of rod-shaped multi-icosahedral nanoclusters, which provides new insights into the preparation of novel icosahedron-based aggregates with both vertically and horizontally growing extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Peiyao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zidong Lin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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23
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Hu F, Luyang HW, He RL, Guan ZJ, Yuan SF, Wang QM. Face-Centered Cubic Silver Nanoclusters Consolidated with Tetradentate Formamidinate Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19365-19371. [PMID: 36227067 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growing attention has been paid to nanoclusters with face-centered cubic (fcc) metal kernels, due to its structural similarity to bulk metals. We demonstrate that the use of tetradentate formamidinate ligands facilitate the construction of two fcc silver nanoclusters: [Ag52(5-F-dpf)16Cl4](SbF6)2 (Ag52, 5-F-Hdpf = N,N'-di(5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)formamidine) and [Ag53(5-Me-dpf)18](NO3)5 (Ag53, 5-Me-Hdpf = N,N'-di(5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)formamidine). Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis revealed that the silver atoms in both clusters are in a layer-by-layer arrangement, which can be viewed as a portion of the fcc packing of silver. The nitrogen donors of amidinate ligands selectively passivate the {111} facets. All silver atoms are involved in the fcc packing, that is, no staple motifs are observed due to the linear arrangement of the four N donors of the dpf ligands. The characteristic optical absorption bands of Ag52 and Ag53 have been studied with a time-dependent density functional theory. This work provides a facile access to assembling atomically precise fcc-type nanoclusters and shows the prospect of amidinates as protecting ligands in synthesizing metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Wang Luyang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Lin He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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24
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Luo XM, Huang S, Luo P, Ma K, Wang ZY, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Snapshots of key intermediates unveiling the growth from silver ions to Ag 70 nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11110-11118. [PMID: 36320462 PMCID: PMC9516886 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04204e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoclusters (NCs) are considered as initial states of condensed matter, and unveiling their formation mechanism is of great importance for directional synthesis of nanomaterials. Here, we initiate the reaction of Ag(i) ions under weak reducing conditions. The prolonged reaction period provides a unique opportunity for revealing the five stages of the growth mechanism of 20-electron superatomic Ag70 NCs by a time-dependent mass technique, that is, aggregate (I) → reduction (II) → decomposition and recombination (III) → fusion (IV) → surface recombination and motif enrichment (V), which is different from the formation process applicable to the gold clusters. More importantly, the key intermediates, Ag14 without free electrons (0e) in the first (stage I) and Ag24 (4e) in the second (stage II), were crystallized and structurally resolved, and the later transformation rate towards Ag70 was further controlled by modulating solvents for easy identification of more intermediates. In a word, we establish a reasonable path of gradual expansion in size and electrons from Ag(i) ions to medium-sized 20e Ag70. This work provides new insights into the formation and evolution of silver NCs, and unveils the corresponding optical properties along with the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ming Luo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454003 People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo 454003 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 People's Republic of China
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25
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Li Y, Song Y, Zhang X, Liu T, Xu T, Wang H, Jiang DE, Jin R. Atomically Precise Au 42 Nanorods with Longitudinal Excitons for an Intense Photothermal Effect. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12381-12389. [PMID: 35767839 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metallic-state gold nanorods are well known to exhibit strong longitudinal plasmon excitations in the near-infrared region (NIR) suitable for photothermal conversion. However, when the size decreases below ∼2 nm, Au nanostructures become nonmetallic, and whether the longitudinal excitation in plasmonic nanorods can be inherited is unknown. Here, we report atomically precise rod-shaped Au42(SCH2Ph)32 with a hexagonal-close-packed Au20 kernel of aspect ratio as high as 6.2, which exhibits an intense absorption at 815 nm with a high molar absorption coefficient of 1.4 × 105 M-1 cm-1. Compared to other rod-shaped nanoclusters, Au42 possesses a much more effective photothermal conversion with a large temperature increase of ∼27 °C within 5 min (λex = 808 nm, 1 W cm-2) at an ultralow concentration of 50 μg mL-1 in toluene. Density functional theory calculations show that the NIR transition is mainly along the long axis of the Au20 kernel in Au42, i.e., a longitudinal excitonic oscillation, akin to the longitudinal plasmon in metallic-state nanorods. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the fast decay in Au42 is similar to that of shorter-aspect-ratio nanorods but is followed by an additional slow decay with a long lifetime of 2400 ns for the Au42 nanorod. This work provides the first case that an intense longitudinal excitation is obtained in molecular-like nanorods, which can be used as photothermal converters and hold potential in biomedical therapy, photoacoustic imaging, and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yongbo Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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26
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Wang Y, Hua Y, Shao ZH, Chen X, Zhao X, Zang SQ. Levonorgestrel-protected Au 8 and Au 10 clusters with different antimicrobial abilities. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5028-5034. [PMID: 35723599 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters exhibit significant potential in antimicrobial applications due to their good stability and desirable biocompatibility in the mammalian cell model. However, most of the previously reported gold nanocluster antimicrobial agents do not have an atomic-precise structure, causing difficulties in understanding the structure-property correlation. In this study, structurally defined gold-levonorgestrel clusters, named Au8(C21H27O2)8 (Au8NCs) and Au10(C21H27O2)10 (Au10NCs), with the same ligand-to-metal ratio but different inner cores were prepared for antibacterial activity investigations, demonstrating that Au8NCs exhibited a stronger antibacterial activity owing to the more significant damage it causes on the bacteria wall and membrane, and a stronger inhibition of glutathione reductase activity in bacteria. The leakage of the intracellular components and enzyme inhibition caused an imbalance of the intracellular antioxidant defence system, and consequently killed bacteria. These results indicated that the structure of gold nanoclusters has an important effect on their biological activity, indicating that it as a key factor to consider in the future design of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yue Hua
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zi-Hui Shao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Xueli Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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27
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Wang L, Zhang B, Yang G, Li W, Wang J, Zhang X, Liang G. Spectral analysis on the acceptor concentration-dependent fluorescence resonance energy transfer process in CuInS 2@ZnS-SQ complexes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23695-23703. [PMID: 36225044 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the broad spectral response and flexible choices of donors and acceptors, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system based on quantum dots (QDs) is a potential candidate for enhancing performance of solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. Thus it is necessary to develop such FRET systems with high efficiency and understand the involved photophysical dynamics. Here, with type I CuInS2@ZnS core-shell quantum dots as the energy donor, series of CuInS2@ZnS-SQ complexes are synthesized by adjusting the acceptor (squaric acid, SQ) concentration. The FRET dynamics of the samples is systematically investigated by virtue of steady-state emission, time-resolved fluorescence decay, and transient absorption measurements. The experimental results display a positive correlation between the energy transfer efficient (η). The best energy transfer efficient achieved from experimental data is 52%. This work provides better understanding of the photophysical dynamics in similar complexes and facilitates further development of new photoelectronic devices based on relevant FRET systems.
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28
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Ma G, Tang Y, Chen L, Qin L, Shen Q, Wang L, Tang Z. Homoleptic Alkynyl‐Protected Au(I)9‐Ag(I)9 Cluster: Structure Analysis, Optical Property, and Catalytic Implications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Ma
- South China University of Technology School of Environment and Energy CHINA
| | - Yun Tang
- South China University of Technology School of Environment and Energy CHINA
| | - Leyi Chen
- South China University of Technology School of Environment and Energy CHINA
| | - Lubing Qin
- South China University of Technology School of Environment and Energy CHINA
| | - Quanli Shen
- South China University of Technology School of Environment and Energy CHINA
| | - Likai Wang
- Shandong University of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhenghua Tang
- New Energy Research Institute School of Environement and Energy Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre 510006 Guangzhou CHINA
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29
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Gao YL, Bi S, Wang Y, Li J, Su T, Gao X. Co-ligand triphenylphosphine/alkynyl-stabilized undecagold nanocluster with a capped crown structure. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11047-11051. [PMID: 35425070 PMCID: PMC8989085 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and crystal structure of novel co-ligand phosphine/alkynyl protected Au nanoclusters, with composition [Au11(PPh3)8(C[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPh-CF3)2](SbF6) (1). The gold atoms in the cluster as a capped crown structure subtend C 3v symmetry with one deriving from a central icosahedron and 10 peripheral Au atoms, and all alkynides are exclusively σ coordination bonding. The mean core diameter is about 5.1 Å and the overall van der Waals diameter can be estimated to be 20.5 Å. The optical absorbance of 1 in solution reveals characteristic peaks at 384 and 426 nm and a shoulder between 450 and 550 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| | - Shiqing Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| | - Ting Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
| | - Xuchun Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University Yulin 719000 China
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30
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Kang SY, Nan ZA, Wang QM. Superatomic Orbital Splitting in Coinage Metal Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:291-295. [PMID: 34978829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The superatomic orbital splitting (SOS) method is developed to understand the electronic structures of coinage metal nanoclusters, in which delocalized electron counts are not magic numbers. Because the symmetry of a metal core can significantly affect the electronic structure of a nanocluster, this method takes the shape of the core into account in determining the order of group orbital levels. By taking nanoclusters as superatoms, a highly positively charged core is established by removing the ligands and staples. The superatomic orbitals split into group orbitals at different energy levels because of the nonspherical shape of the cluster core. Therefore, the electron configuration of the nonmagic-number nanocluster can be qualitatively analyzed without quantum chemical calculations, which is very important for understanding the stability of the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yu Kang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zi-Ang Nan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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31
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Du X, Liu Z, Higaki T, Zhou M, Jin R. Understanding the Nascent Plasmons and Metallic Bonding in Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1925-1932. [PMID: 35308844 PMCID: PMC8849037 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The metallic bond is arguably the most intriguing one among the three types of chemical bonds, and the resultant plasmon excitation (e.g. in gold nanoparticles) has garnered wide interest. Recent...
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
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