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Ishida S, Yoshida Y, Iwamoto T. Metal-catalyzed valence isomerization of a methylene(thioxo)phosphorane to a thiaphosphirane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8288-8291. [PMID: 39016680 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
We explored coordination chemistry associated with valence isomerization between a methylene(thioxo)phosphorane (MTP) and a thiaphosphirane. For this purpose, we developed the selective synthesis of a MTP by eliminating chlorodimethylphenylsilane from the corresponding chlorophosphine sulfide. Treatment of the MTP with an equivalent amount of pentafluorophenylgold(I) complex resulted in the formation of a thiaphosphirane gold(I) complex, which likely proceeds via an η2-P,C-MTP gold complex. The MTP undergoes a valence isomerization catalyzed by copper(I) chloride to furnish a transition metal-free thiaphosphirane. Computational studies proposed a plausible mechanism involving a Cu-assisted cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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2
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Uttendorfer MK, Hierlmeier G, Balázs G, Wolf R. Access to 1,2,3-triphospholide ligands by reduction of di- tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10113-10119. [PMID: 38747137 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Di-tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane (tBuCP)2 (A) is a reactive tetrahedral molecule which may serve as a source of new phosphaorganic molecules and ligands. However, the redox chemistry of this compound has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the reduction of A with alkali metals (AM = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) affords 1,2,3-triphospholides [AM(crown ether)][1,2,3-P3C2tBu2] (1-5, [AM(crown ether)] = [Li([12]crown-4)2]+, [Na([15]crown-5)2]+, [K([18]crown-6)]+, [Rb([18]crown-6)]+, and Cs+) with 1,3-diphospholides [AM(crown ether)][1,3-P2C3tBu3] (6-10) formed as by-products. The potassium salt 3 was isolated on a preparative scale, allowing for reactivity studies. Transmetalation with iron(II) and ruthenium(II) chlorides yielded the sandwich complexes [Cp*M(η5-1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)] (11, M = Fe; 12, M = Ru, Cp* = C5Me5) featuring η5-coordinated triphospholide ligands. Treatment of 3 with [Cp2Fe][BAr4F] or [H(Et2O)2BAr4F] (BAr4F = B{C6H3(CF3)2}4) afforded the polyphosphorus compound tBu4C4P6 (13), which presumably results from the dimerisation of a 1,2,3-triphospholyl radical intermediate (1,2,3-P3C2tBu2)˙ (3˙). Tetracyclic 13 is closely structurally related to an isomer of the hydrocarbon hypostrophene (C10H10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Uttendorfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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3
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Elsayed Moussa M, Shelyganov PA, Seidl M, Zimmermann L, Scheer M. Supramolecular compounds assembled from the heteroleptic tetrahedral complex [{CpMo(CO) 2} 2(μ,η 2-AsSb)] and metal salts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4703-4706. [PMID: 38596847 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The reaction of the tetrahedral complex [{CpMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2-AsSb)] with CuI and AgI salts is presented which gives unprecedented neutral and cationic supramolecular aggregates featuring mixed As/Sb-donor molecules as ligands/linkers between metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Elsayed Moussa
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Pavel A Shelyganov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
- Institut für Allgemeine, Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Innsbruck, Centrum für Chemie und Biomedizin (CCB), Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Zimmermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Hierlmeier G, Kutta RJ, Coburger P, Stammler HG, Schwabedissen J, Mitzel NW, Dimitrova M, Berger RJF, Nuernberger P, Wolf R. Structure and photochemistry of di- tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5596-5603. [PMID: 38638211 PMCID: PMC11023056 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00936c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Di-tert-butyldiphosphatetrahedrane (tBuCP)2 (1) is a mixed carbon- and phosphorus-based tetrahedral molecule, isolobal to white phosphorus (P4). However, despite the fundamental significance and well-explored reactivity of the latter molecule, the precise structure of the free (tBuCP)2 molecule (1) and a detailed analysis of its electronic properties have remained elusive. Here, single-crystal X-ray structure determination of 1 at low temperature confirms the tetrahedral structure. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations confirm that 1 is isolobal to P4 and shows a strong largely isotropic diamagnetic response in the magnetic field and thus pronounced spherical aromaticity. A spectroscopic and computational study on the photochemical reactivity reveals that diphosphatetrahedrane 1 readily dimerises to the ladderane-type phosphaalkyne tetramer (tBuCP)4 (2) under irradiation with UV light. With sufficient thermal activation energy, the dimerisation proceeds also in the dark. In both cases, an isomerisation to a 1,2-diphosphacyclobutadiene 1' is the first step. This intermediate subsequently undergoes a [2 + 2] cycloaddition with a second 1,2-diphosphacyclobutadiene molecule to form 2. The 1,2-diphosphacyclobutadiene intermediate 1' can be trapped chemically by N-methylmaleimide as an alternative [2 + 2] cycloaddition partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Peter Coburger
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Universität Bielefeld, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
- Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Chemie und Physik der Materialien 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Raphael J F Berger
- Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Chemie und Physik der Materialien 5020 Salzburg Austria
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie 93040 Regensburg Germany
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5
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Sun Q, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Kehr G, Erker G. Molecular pyramids - from tetrahedranes to [6]pyramidanes. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:732-746. [PMID: 37612459 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The study of 3D architectures at a molecular scale has fascinated chemists for generations. This includes molecular pyramids with all-carbon frameworks, such as trigonal, tetragonal and pentagonal pyramidal geometries. A small number of substituted tetrahedranes and all-carbon [4]-[5]pyramidanes have been experimentally generated and studied. Although the hypothetical unsubstituted parent [3]-[6]pyramidanes have only been explored computationally, the formal replacement of carbon vertices with isolobal main group element fragments has provided a number of examples of stable hetero[m]pyramidanes, which have been isolated and amply characterized. In this Review, we highlight the synthesis and chemical properties of [3]-[6]pyramidanes and summarize the progress in the development of chemistry of pyramid-shaped molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Sun
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
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6
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Triphenylborane in Metal-Free Catalysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031340. [PMID: 36771006 PMCID: PMC9920172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and application of new organoboron reagents as Lewis acids in synthesis and metal-free catalysis have dramatically expanded over the past 20 years. In this context, we will show the recent uses of the simple and relatively weak Lewis acid BPh3-discovered 100 years ago-as a metal-free catalyst for various organic transformations. The first part will highlight catalytic applications in polymer synthesis such as the copolymerization of epoxides with CO2, isocyanate, and organic anhydrides to various polycarbonate copolymers and controlled diblock copolymers as well as alternating polyurethanes. This is followed by a discussion of BPh3 as a Lewis acid component in the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mediated cleavage of hydrogen and hydrogenation catalysis. In addition, BPh3-catalyzed reductive N-methylations and C-methylations with CO2 and silane to value-added organic products will be covered as well along with BPh3-catalyzed cycloadditions and insertion reactions. Collectively, this mini-review showcases the underexplored potential of commercially available BPh3 in metal-free catalysis.
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Uttendorfer MK, Hierlmeier G, Wolf R. A Homoleptic Diphosphatetrahedrane Nickel(0) Complex. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Uttendorfer
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg GERMANY
| | - Gabriele Hierlmeier
- University of Regensburg: Universitat Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry 93040 Regensburg GERMANY
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg GERMANY
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Riu MLY, Eckhardt AK, Cummins CC. Reactions of Tri- tert-Butylphosphatetrahedrane as a Spring-Loaded Phosphinidene Synthon Featuring Nickel-Catalyzed Transfer to Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7578-7582. [PMID: 35437987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cage-opening reactions of the highly strained tri-tert-butylphosphatetrahedrane (1), shown here to function as a synthon of (tri-tert-butylcyclopropenyl)phosphinidene, are described. Treatment of 1 with a base-stabilized silylene led to the corresponding phosphasilene, which was isolated in 72% yield as a red crystalline solid. Phosphinidene transfer was also observed when 1 (2 equiv) was combined with the Wittig reagent Ph3PCH2 to form a diphosphirane (50% isolated yield). The reaction is proposed to proceed through a generated phosphaalkene intermediate, which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy. In addition, we report on nickel-catalyzed phosphinidene transfer to styrene, ethylene, neohexene, and 1,3-cyclohexadiene; the corresponding phosphiranes were isolated in 51-64% yield. Computational studies suggest the intermediacy of a nickel phosphinidene species. Treatment of the ethylene-derived phosphirane product with triflic acid delivered elimination of [tBu3C3]OTf and formation of a P-H bond, illustrating the ability of the tri-tert-butyl cyclopropenyl group to serve as a protecting group that is removable following phosphinidene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin-Louis Y Riu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - André K Eckhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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