1
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Tang G, Wang X, Huang H, Xu M, Ma X, Miao F, Lu X, Zhang CJ, Gao L, Zhang ZM, Yao SQ. Small Molecule-Induced Post-Translational Acetylation of Catalytic Lysine of Kinases in Mammalian Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23978-23988. [PMID: 39162335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Reversible lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM). This process in cells is typically carried out enzymatically by lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases. The catalytic lysine in the human kinome is highly conserved and ligandable. Small-molecule strategies that enable post-translational acetylation of the catalytic lysine on kinases in a target-selective manner therefore provide tremendous potential in kinase biology. Herein, we report the first small molecule-induced chemical strategy capable of global acetylation of the catalytic lysine on kinases from mammalian cells. By surveying various lysine-acetylating agents installed on a promiscuous kinase-binding scaffold, Ac4 was identified and shown to effectively acetylate the catalytic lysine of >100 different protein kinases from live Jurkat/K562 cells. In order to demonstrate that this strategy was capable of target-selective and reversible chemical acetylation of protein kinases, we further developed six acetylating compounds on the basis of VX-680 (a noncovalent inhibitor of AURKA). Among them, Ac13/Ac14, while displaying excellent in vitro potency and sustained cellular activity against AURKA, showed robust acetylation of its catalytic lysine (K162) in a target-selective manner, leading to irreversible inhibition of endogenous kinase activity. The reversibility of this chemical acetylation was confirmed on Ac14-treated recombinant AURKA protein, followed by deacetylation with SIRT3 (a lysine deacetylase). Finally, the reversible Ac13-induced acetylation of endogenous AURKA was demonstrated in SIRT3-transfected HCT116 cells. By disclosing the first cell-active acetylating compounds capable of both global and target-selective post-translational acetylation of the catalytic lysine on kinases, our strategy could provide a useful chemical tool in kinase biology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Huisi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Manyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fengfei Miao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liqian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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2
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Giltrap A, Yuan Y, Davis BG. Late-Stage Functionalization of Living Organisms: Rethinking Selectivity in Biology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:889-928. [PMID: 38231473 PMCID: PMC10870719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
With unlimited selectivity, full post-translational chemical control of biology would circumvent the dogma of genetic control. The resulting direct manipulation of organisms would enable atomic-level precision in "editing" of function. We argue that a key aspect that is still missing in our ability to do this (at least with a high degree of control) is the selectivity of a given chemical reaction in a living organism. In this Review, we systematize existing illustrative examples of chemical selectivity, as well as identify needed chemical selectivities set in a hierarchy of anatomical complexity: organismo- (selectivity for a given organism over another), tissuo- (selectivity for a given tissue type in a living organism), cellulo- (selectivity for a given cell type in an organism or tissue), and organelloselectivity (selectivity for a given organelle or discrete body within a cell). Finally, we analyze more traditional concepts such as regio-, chemo-, and stereoselective reactions where additionally appropriate. This survey of late-stage biomolecule methods emphasizes, where possible, functional consequences (i.e., biological function). In this way, we explore a concept of late-stage functionalization of living organisms (where "late" is taken to mean at a given state of an organism in time) in which programmed and selective chemical reactions take place in life. By building on precisely analyzed notions (e.g., mechanism and selectivity) we believe that the logic of chemical methodology might ultimately be applied to increasingly complex molecular constructs in biology. This could allow principles developed at the simple, small-molecule level to progress hierarchically even to manipulation of physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
M. Giltrap
- The
Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Yizhi Yuan
- The
Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- The
Rosalind Franklin Institute, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
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3
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Fujimura A, Ishida H, Nozaki T, Terada S, Azumaya Y, Ishiguro T, Kamimura YR, Kujirai T, Kurumizaka H, Kono H, Yamatsugu K, Kawashima SA, Kanai M. Designer Adaptor Proteins for Functional Conversion of Peptides to Small-Molecule Ligands toward In-Cell Catalytic Protein Modification. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2115-2128. [PMID: 38033808 PMCID: PMC10683481 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are privileged ligands for diverse biomacromolecules, including proteins; however, their utility is often limited due to low membrane permeability and in-cell instability. Here, we report peptide ligand-inserted eDHFR (PLIED) fusion protein as a universal adaptor for targeting proteins of interest (POI) with cell-permeable and stable synthetic functional small molecules (SFSM). PLIED binds to POI through the peptide moiety, properly orienting its eDHFR moiety, which then recruits trimethoprim (TMP)-conjugated SFSM to POI. Using a lysine-acylating BAHA catalyst as SFSM, we demonstrate that POI (MDM2 and chromatin histone) are post-translationally and synthetically acetylated at specific lysine residues. The residue-selectivity is predictable in an atomic resolution from molecular dynamics simulations of the POI/PLIED/TMP-BAHA (MTX was used as a TMP model) ternary complex. This designer adaptor approach universally enables functional conversion of impermeable peptide ligands to permeable small-molecule ligands, thus expanding the in-cell toolbox of chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Fujimura
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ishida
- Institute
for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes
for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tamiko Nozaki
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shuhei Terada
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuto Azumaya
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishiguro
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yugo R. Kamimura
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Institute
for Quantitative Biosciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Institute
for Quantitative Biosciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kono
- Institute
for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes
for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A. Kawashima
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Habazaki M, Mizumoto S, Kajino H, Kujirai T, Kurumizaka H, Kawashima SA, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. A chemical catalyst enabling histone acylation with endogenous acyl-CoA. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5790. [PMID: 37737243 PMCID: PMC10517024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Life emerges from a network of biomolecules and chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. As enzyme abnormalities are often connected to various diseases, a chemical catalyst promoting physiologically important intracellular reactions in place of malfunctional endogenous enzymes would have great utility in understanding and treating diseases. However, research into such small-molecule chemical enzyme surrogates remains limited, due to difficulties in developing a reactive catalyst capable of activating inert cellular metabolites present at low concentrations. Herein, we report a small-molecule catalyst, mBnA, as a surrogate for a histone acetyltransferase. A hydroxamic acid moiety of suitable electronic characteristics at the catalytic site, paired with a thiol-thioester exchange process, enables mBnA to activate endogenous acyl-CoAs present in low concentrations and promote histone lysine acylations in living cells without the addition of exogenous acyl donors. An enzyme surrogate utilizing cellular metabolites will be a unique tool for elucidation of and synthetic intervention in the chemistry of life and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Habazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mizumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kajino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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5
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Saha PC, Das RS, Das S, Sepay N, Chatterjee T, Mukherjee A, Bera T, Kar S, Bhattacharyya M, Sengupta A, Guha S. Live-Cell Mitochondrial Targeted NIR Fluorescent Covalent Labeling of Specific Proteins Using a Dual Localization Effect. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1407-1417. [PMID: 37289994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, our designed water-soluble NIR fluorescent unsymmetrical Cy-5-Mal/TPP+ consists of a lipophilic cationic TPP+ subunit that can selectively target and accumulate in a live-cell inner mitochondrial matrix where a maleimide residue of the probe undergoes faster chemoselective and site-specific covalent attachment with the exposed Cys residue of mitochondrion-specific proteins. On the basis of this dual localization effect, Cy-5-Mal/TPP+ molecules remain for a longer time period even after membrane depolarization, enabling long-term live-cell mitochondrial imaging. Due to the adequate concentration of Cy-5-Mal/TPP+ reached in live-cell mitochondria, it facilitates site-selective NIR fluorescent covalent labeling with Cys-exposed proteins, which are identified by the in-gel fluorescence assay and LC-MS/MS-based proteomics and supported by a computational method. This dual targeting approach with admirable photostability, narrow NIR absorption/emission bands, bright emission, long fluorescence lifetime, and insignificant cytotoxicity has been shown to improve real-time live-cell mitochondrial tracking including dynamics and interorganelle crosstalk with multicolor imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Chandra Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Shreya Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Nayim Sepay
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Tanima Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
| | - Ayan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Tapas Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Samiran Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Maitree Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700019, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Samit Guha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
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6
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Thimaradka V, Utsunomiya H, Tamura T, Hamachi I. Endogenous Cell-Surface Receptor Modification by Metal Chelation-Assisted Pyridinium Oxime Catalyst. Org Lett 2023; 25:2118-2122. [PMID: 36947590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Organocatalyst-mediated acyl transfer reactions hold promise for selective protein labeling in biological milieu. However, they often suffer from off-target reactions and high background signals because of the requirement of high concentrations of substrates. Here, we report a new catalytic protein acylation strategy promoted by the His-tag/NiNTA interaction. The recognition-assisted activation mechanism allows efficient protein labeling even with >10-fold lower substrate concentrations than conventional reactions, thereby enabling highly selective and efficient cell-surface receptor modification in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Thimaradka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hayata Utsunomiya
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tamura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, JST), Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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7
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Chen LY, Wang WW, Wozniak JM, Parker CG. A heterobifunctional molecule system for targeted protein acetylation in cells. Methods Enzymol 2023; 681:287-323. [PMID: 36764762 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein acetylation is a vital biological process that regulates myriad cellular events. Despite its profound effects on protein function, there are limited research tools to dynamically and selectively regulate protein acetylation. To address this, we developed an acetylation tagging system, called AceTAG, to target proteins for chemically induced acetylation directly in live cells. AceTAG uses heterobifunctional molecules composed of a ligand for the lysine acetyltransferase p300/CBP and a FKBP12F36V ligand. Target proteins are genetically tagged with FKBP12F36V and brought in proximity with p300/CBP by AceTAG molecules to subsequently undergo protein-specific acetylation. Targeted acetylation of proteins in cells using AceTAG is selective, rapid, and can be modulated in a dose-dependent fashion, enabling controlled investigations of acetylated protein targets directly in cells. In this protocol, we focus on (1) generation of AceTAG constructs and cell lines, (2) in vitro characterization of AceTAG mediated ternary complex formation and cellular target engagement studies; and (3) in situ characterization of AceTAG induced acetylation of targeted proteins by immunoblotting and quantitative proteomics. The robust procedures described herein should enable the use of AceTAG to explore the roles of acetylation for a variety of protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wesley Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jacob M Wozniak
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher G Parker
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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8
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Catalysis medicine: Participating in the chemical networks of living organisms through catalysts. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Conrad JK, Pilgrim CD, Pimblott SM, Mezyk SP, Horne GP. Multiscale modelling of the radical-induced chemistry of acetohydroxamic acid in aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29757-29766. [PMID: 36321097 PMCID: PMC9577708 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is a small organic acid with a wide variety of industrial, biological, and pharmacological applications. A deep fundamental molecular level understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the radical-induced reactions of AHA in these environments is necessary to predict and control their behaviour and elucidate their interplay with other attendant chemical species, for example, the oxidative degradation products of AHA. To this end, we present a comprehensive, multiscale computer model for interrogating the radical-induced degradation of AHA in acidic aqueous solutions. Model predictions were critically evaluated by a systematic experimental radiation chemistry investigation, leveraging time-resolved electron pulse irradiation techniques for the measurement of new radical reaction rate coefficients, and steady-state gamma irradiations for the identification and quantification of AHA degradation products: acetic acid, hydroxylamine, nitrous oxide, and molecular hydrogen, with formic acid and methane as minor products. Excellent agreement was achieved between calculation and experiment, indicating that this fundamental model can accurately predict the degradation pathways of AHA under irradiation in acidic aqueous solutions. A comprehensive multiscale model determines the fundamental reaction mechanisms of the radical-induced degradation of acetohydroxamic acid in acidic aqueous solutions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacy K. Conrad
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory1955 N. Fremont Ave.Idaho FallsID83415USA
| | - Corey D. Pilgrim
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory1955 N. Fremont Ave.Idaho FallsID83415USA
| | - Simon M. Pimblott
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory1955 N. Fremont Ave.Idaho FallsID83415USA
| | - Stephen P. Mezyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach1250 Bellflower Blvd.Long BeachCA90840USA
| | - Gregory P. Horne
- Center for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho National Laboratory1955 N. Fremont Ave.Idaho FallsID83415USA
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10
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Cleavable Cys labeling directed Lys site-selective stapling and single-site modification. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Huang Y, Du Y, Su W. Convenient and Flexible Syntheses of gem-Dimethyl Carboxylic Triggers via Mono-Selective β-C(sp3)-H Arylation of Pivalic Acid with ortho-Substituted Aryl Iodides. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00478j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a palladium(II)-catalyzed mono-selective C(sp3)-H arylation of pivalic acid for rapid construction of an important library of 3-aryl-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acids, especially those ortho-substituted-aryl compounds. The strategy greatly streamlines the...
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