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Kevorkian PV, Sneddon DS, Ritts CB, Hoye TR. Phosphorane-Promoted C-C Coupling during Aryne Annulations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318774. [PMID: 38324736 PMCID: PMC11002863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Arynes are fleeting, high-energy intermediates that undergo myriad trapping reactions by nucleophiles. Their unusual reactivity compared to other electrophiles can spur unexpected mechanistic pathways enroute to the formation of benzenoid products. Herein we explore a particularly unique case of thermally generated arynes reacting with phosphoranes to form helical dibenzothiophenes and -selenophenes. Multiple new helical polycyclic aromatic products are reported. DP4+ and X-ray crystallographic analysis were used in tandem to confirm the structural topologies of selected products and to demonstrate the utility of DP4+ for distinguishing between isomeric polycyclic aromatic compounds. Lastly, we discuss a plausible mechanism consistent with DFT computations that accounts for the product formation; namely, ligand coupling (i.e., reductive elimination) within a hypervalent, pentacarbon-ligated σ-phosphorane furnishes the dibenzothio- or dibenzoselenophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Kevorkian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dorian S Sneddon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Casey B Ritts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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2
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Sephton T, Charitou A, Trujillo C, Large JM, Butterworth S, Greaney MF. Aryne-Enabled C-N Arylation of Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310583. [PMID: 37850515 PMCID: PMC10952162 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Anilines are potentially high-value arylating agents, but are limited by the low reactivity of the strong C-N bond. We show that the reactive intermediate benzyne can be used to both activate anilines, and set-up an aryl transfer reaction in a single step. The reaction does not require any transition metal catalysts or stoichiometric organometallics, and establishes a metal-free route to valuable biaryl products by functionalizing the aniline C-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sephton
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | | | | | - Jonathan M. Large
- LifeArc, Accelerator BuildingOpen Innovation CampusStevenageSG1 2FXUK
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
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3
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Lenko I, Alayrac C, Bożek I, Witulski B. 1,3-Butadiynamides the Ethynylogous Ynamides: Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Heterocyclic Chemistry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114564. [PMID: 37299038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3-butadiynamides-the ethynylogous variants of ynamides-receive considerable attention as precursors of complex molecular scaffolds for organic and heterocyclic chemistry. The synthetic potential of these C4-building blocks reveals itself in sophisticated transition-metal catalyzed annulation reactions and in metal-free or silver-mediated HDDA (Hexa-dehydro-Diels-Alder) cycloadditions. 1,3-Butadiynamides also gain significance as optoelectronic materials and in less explored views on their unique helical twisted frontier molecular orbitals (Hel-FMOs). The present account summarizes different methodologies for the synthesis of 1,3-butadiynamides followed by the description of their molecular structure and electronic properties. Finally, the surprisingly rich chemistry of 1,3-butadiynamides as versatile C4-building blocks in heterocyclic chemistry is reviewed by compiling their exciting reactivity, specificity and opportunities for organic synthesis. Besides chemical transformations and use in synthesis, a focus is set on the mechanistic understanding of the chemistry of 1,3-butadiynamides-suggesting that 1,3-butadiynamides are not just simple alkynes. These ethynylogous variants of ynamides have their own molecular character and chemical reactivity and reflect a new class of remarkably useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illia Lenko
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (LCMT), CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICAEN, Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Carole Alayrac
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (LCMT), CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICAEN, Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Igor Bożek
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (LCMT), CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICAEN, Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Bernhard Witulski
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thio-Organique (LCMT), CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN & UNICAEN, Normandie University, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
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4
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Zhou M, Tsien J, Dykstra R, Hughes JME, Peters BK, Merchant RR, Gutierrez O, Qin T. Alkyl sulfinates as cross-coupling partners for programmable and stereospecific installation of C(sp 3) bioisosteres. Nat Chem 2023; 15:550-559. [PMID: 36864142 PMCID: PMC10838399 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a variety of cycloalkyl groups with quaternary carbons, in particular cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl trifluoromethyl groups, have emerged as promising bioisosteres in drug-like molecules. The modular installation of such bioisosteres remains challenging to synthetic chemists. Alkyl sulfinate reagents have been developed as radical precursors to prepare functionalized heterocycles with the desired alkyl bioisosteres. However, the innate (radical) reactivity of this transformation poses reactivity and regioselectivity challenges for the functionalization of any aromatic or heteroaromatic scaffold. Here we showcase the ability of alkyl sulfinates to engage in sulfurane-mediated C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-coupling, thereby allowing for programmable and stereospecific installation of these alkyl bioisosteres. The ability of this method to simplify retrosynthetic analysis is exemplified by the improved synthesis of multiple medicinally relevant scaffolds. Experimental studies and theoretical calculations for the mechanism of this sulfur chemistry reveal a ligand-coupling trend under alkyl Grignard activation via the sulfurane intermediate, stabilized by solvation of tetrahydrofuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Dykstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Byron K Peters
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Bao H, Guo Y, Shi J, Li Y. Two Cascade Processes Initiated by the Insertion of Benzyne into the Se═O Bond. Org Lett 2023; 25:1514-1518. [PMID: 36852953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Two sets of cascade processes have been realized, both of which were initiated with a benzyne insertion into the Se═O bond. The key factors to differentiate these processes are based on the structures of diaryl selenium oxides and reaction conditions. When diaryl selenium oxides containing an ortho weak σ-electron-withdrawing group were used, triarylselenonium salts were obtained at room temperature, while ortho-(aryloxy)phenyl phenyl selanes could be produced from diaryl selenium oxides at 100 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China 400030
| | - Yongjin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China 400030
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China 400030.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China 130012
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Guo Y, Bao H, Chen L, Shi J, Li Y. Diverse Synthesis of Triarylselenonium Salts and o-(Alkoxy)aryl Aryl Selanes via Insertion of Benzyne into the Se═O Bond. Org Lett 2022; 24:6999-7003. [PMID: 36125196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An insertion of benzyne into the Se═O bond has been realized. In this reaction, two types of compounds containing selenium could be synthesized from different substrates. When diaryl selenium oxides were used, triarylselenonium salts were furnished, while o-(alkoxy)phenyl phenyl selanes could be produced from aryl alkyl selenium oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Hongpeng Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Tan J, Zhang R, Peng X. Recent Advances in Construction of C(sp2)–O Bonds via Aryne Participated Multicomponent Coupling Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1748-7448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAryne chemistry is a powerful synthetic technique that forms new bonds to aromatic rings. The recent resurgence of aryne-based multicomponent coupling strategies has led to an influx of methodologies for the mild synthesis of arene derivatives. In particular, these innovative discoveries broaden and streamline approaches toward phenol ether motifs, which are a prevalent structural component across a broad range of chemistry related research fields. Herein, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the construction of C(sp2)–O bonds via aryne-induced multicomponent reactions. Special attention has been paid to reaction design and mechanistic pathways.1 Introduction2 Insertion-Based MCRs3 Nucleophilic-Addition-Based MCRs4 Cycloaddition-Based MCRs5 Summary
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Wei J, Liu M, Ye X, Zhang S, Sun E, Shan C, Wojtas L, Shi X. Facile synthesis of diverse hetero polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via the styryl Diels–Alder reaction of conjugated diynes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00644h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular styryl Diels–Alder reaction with conjugated diynes under thermally stable triazole-gold (TA–Au) catalytic conditions and the sequential transformation through alkyne activation to access various PAHs with high efficiency was reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Mengjia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Elaine Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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Shi J, Li Y, Wan C. Reactions of Sulfoxides with Benzynes. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1696-4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSulfoxides are important organic synthons that have been used in a variety of transformations. In this account, we focus on advances in the reaction of sulfoxides with benzynes, which can be divided into two types: benzyne ortho-difunctionalization and benzyne multifunctionalization.1 Introduction2 Benzyne ortho-Difunctionalization3 Benzyne Multifunctionalization4 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Caiwen Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University
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