1
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Kawamoto Y, Wu Y, Park S, Hidaka K, Sugiyama H, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Multivalent dendritic DNA aptamer molecules for the enhancement of therapeutic effects. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6256-6259. [PMID: 38768325 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00578c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic DNA molecules, referred to as DNA dendrons, consist of multiple covalently linked strands and are expected to improve the cellular uptake and potency of therapeutic oligonucleotides because of their multivalency. In this study, we developed an efficient synthetic method for producing DNA dendrons using strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Integration of the antitumor aptamer AS1411 into DNA dendrons enhanced cellular uptake and antiproliferative activity in cancer cells. These findings demonstrate that the incorporation of multivalent aptamers into DNA dendrons can effectively boost their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - You Wu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Soyoung Park
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kumi Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachicho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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2
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Kim J, Byun I, Kim DY, Joh H, Kim HJ, Lee MJ. Targeted protein degradation directly engaging lysosomes or proteasomes. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3253-3272. [PMID: 38369971 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has been established as a viable alternative to attenuate the function of a specific protein of interest in both biological and clinical contexts. The unique TPD mode-of-action has allowed previously undruggable proteins to become feasible targets, expanding the landscape of "druggable" properties and "privileged" target proteins. As TPD continues to evolve, a range of innovative strategies, which do not depend on recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligases as in proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), have emerged. Here, we present an overview of direct lysosome- and proteasome-engaging modalities and discuss their perspectives, advantages, and limitations. We outline the chemical composition, biochemical activity, and pharmaceutical characteristics of each degrader. These alternative TPD approaches not only complement the first generation of PROTACs for intracellular protein degradation but also offer unique strategies for targeting pathologic proteins located on the cell membrane and in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Insuk Byun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hyunhi Joh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hak Joong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Min Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Zhu C, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li J. Targeted Extracellular Protein Degradation by Dendronized DNA Chimeras. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:654-659. [PMID: 38331720 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular soluble proteins are key agents in the development of various diseases. However, strategies to remove therapeutically relevant extracellular targets are still scarce. Here, we establish dendronized DNA chimera (DENTAC) as an efficient approach for targeted degradation of the extracellular protein of interest (ePOI). DENTAC consists of a DNA dendron against cell-surface scavenger receptors (SRs), a protein ligand, and a connecting linker, which harnesses SRs as a lysosome-trafficking receptor to mediate the lysosomal degradation of the ePOI. We interrogate and optimize structure-activity relationships of DENTAC. Using neutravidin as a model ePOI, we show that both branch number and DNA length in the DNA dendron are important determinants for efficient lysosomal delivery and degradation of the protein. We demonstrate three branches and 10 nucleotide-length polythymidine as the optimal DNA dendron components to construct DENTAC. We further exemplify the anticancer application of DENTAC by targeting matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), where we find linker property as another factor important for DENTAC performance. We reveal that MMP-9-targeting DENTAC effectively restrain cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study thus provides a potent strategy to delete extracellular proteins that are commonly difficult to target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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4
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Shen F, Wang H, Liu Z, Sun L. DNA Nanostructures: Self-Adjuvant Carriers for Highly Efficient Subunit Vaccines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312624. [PMID: 37737971 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines based on antigen proteins or epitopes of pathogens or tumors show advantages in immunological precision and high safety, but are often limited by their low immunogenicity. Adjuvants can boost immune responses by stimulating immune cells or promoting antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells (APCs), yet existing clinical adjuvants struggle in simultaneously achieving these dual functions. Additionally, the spatial organization of antigens might be crucial to their immunogenicity. Hence, superior adjuvants should potently stimulate the immune system, precisely arrange antigens, and effectively deliver antigens to APCs. Recently, precisely organizing and delivering antigens with the unique editability of DNA nanostructures has been proposed, presenting unique abilities in significantly improving the immunogenicity of antigens. In this minireview, we will discuss the principles behind using DNA nanostructures as self-adjuvant carriers and review the latest advancements in this field. The potential and challenges associated with self-adjuvant DNA nanostructures will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Shen
- Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201240, China
| | - Haihan Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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5
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Davis MA, Cho E, Teplensky MH. Harnessing biomaterial architecture to drive anticancer innate immunity. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10982-11005. [PMID: 37955201 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01677c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunomodulation is a powerful therapeutic approach that harnesses the body's own immune system and reprograms it to treat diseases, such as cancer. Innate immunity is key in mobilizing the rest of the immune system to respond to disease and is thus an attractive target for immunomodulation. Biomaterials have widely been employed as vehicles to deliver immunomodulatory therapeutic cargo to immune cells and raise robust antitumor immunity. However, it is key to consider the design of biomaterial chemical and physical structure, as it has direct impacts on innate immune activation and antigen presentation to stimulate downstream adaptive immunity. Herein, we highlight the widespread importance of structure-driven biomaterial design for the delivery of immunomodulatory cargo to innate immune cells. The incorporation of precise structural elements can be harnessed to improve delivery kinetics, uptake, and the targeting of biomaterials into innate immune cells, and enhance immune activation against cancer through temporal and spatial processing of cargo to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Structural design of immunomodulatory biomaterials will profoundly improve the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies by maximizing the impact of the innate immune system and thus has far-reaching translational potential against other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.
| | - Ezra Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.
| | - Michelle H Teplensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
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6
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Meng R, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhou Y, Zhang P, Chai Y, Yuan R. Dual-layer 3D DNA nanostructure: The next generation of ultrafast DNA nanomachine for microRNA sensing and intracellular imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115517. [PMID: 37459686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The working efficiency of traditional 3D DNA nanomachines is extremely restricted due to the complex DNA components modified on nanoparticles in the same spatial height. Herein, an ultrafast dual-layer 3D DNA nanomachine (UDDNM) based on catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) was developed by assembling two different lengths of hairpin DNA on the surface of gold nanoparticles, the long hairpin 1 (H1), to capture the trigger, and the short hairpin 2 (H2), as the signal probe, to recycle the trigger. Compared to the traditional single-layer 3D DNA nanomachine, the dual-layer 3D DNA nanostructure greatly enhances the effective collision between trigger and targeted DNA probe, H1, since the H1 located in outer layer would react with the trigger, inhibiting the invalid collision between the trigger and residual DNA component, H2, and remarkably decreasing the steric hindrance associated with the nucleic acids layer around the nanoparticles. Especially, when the distance of two layers was fixed at 3 nm, the corresponding UDDNM could accomplish the overall reaction only in 3 min with a dramatically high initial rate of up to 5.93 × 10-7 M s-1, which was at least 5-fold beyond that of the typical single-layer 3D DNA nanomachines. As a proof of concept, the described UDDNM was successfully applied in ultrasensitive fluorescence detection and sensitive intracellular imaging of miRNA-21. Consequently, our strategy, based on the creation of dual-layer 3D DNA nanostructure, may create a new approach to designing the next generation of DNA nanomachine and has enormous potential for applications in bio-analysis, logic gate operations, and clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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7
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Chen H, Li Y, Xiao Z, Li J, Li T, Wang Z, Liu Y, Tan W. Chemical Amplification-Enabled Topological Modification of Nucleic Acid Aptamers for Enhanced Cancer-Targeted Theranostics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17740-17750. [PMID: 37656667 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific chemical conjugation has long been a challenging endeavor in the field of ligand-directed modification to produce homogeneous conjugates for precision medicine. Here, we develop a chemical amplification-enabled topological modification (Chem-ATM) methodology to establish a versatile platform for the programmable modification of nucleic acid aptamers with designated functionalities. Differing from conventional conjugation strategies, a three-dimensional artificial base is designed in Chem-ATM as a chemical amplifier, giving access to structurally and functionally diversified conjugation of aptamers, with precise control over loading capacity but in a sequence-independent manner. Meanwhile, the sp3 hybridized atom-containing amplifier enables planar-to-stereo conformational transformation of the entire conjugate, eliciting high steric hindrance against enzymatic degradation in complex biological environments. The versatility of Chem-ATM is successfully demonstrated by its delivery of anticancer drugs and imaging agents for enhanced therapy and high-contrast noninvasive tumor imaging in xenograft and orthotopic tumor models. This study offers a different perspective for ligand-directed chemical conjugation to enrich the molecular toolbox for bioimaging and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yazhou Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiao
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Jili Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ting Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yanlan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Mirkin CA, Petrosko SH. Inspired Beyond Nature: Three Decades of Spherical Nucleic Acids and Colloidal Crystal Engineering with DNA. ACS NANO 2023; 17:16291-16307. [PMID: 37584399 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The conception, synthesis, and invention of a nanostructure, now known as the spherical nucleic acid, or SNA, in 1996 marked the advent of a new field of chemistry. Over the past three decades, the SNA and its analogous anisotropic equivalents have provided an avenue for us to think about some of the most fundamental concepts in chemistry in new ways and led to technologies that are significantly impacting fields from medicine to materials science. A prime example is colloidal crystal engineering with DNA, the framework for using SNAs and related structures to synthesize programmable matter. Herein, we document the evolution of this framework, which was initially inspired by nature, and describe how it now allows researchers to chart paths to move beyond it, as programmable matter with real-world significance is envisioned and created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sarah Hurst Petrosko
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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9
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Äärelä A, Räsänen K, Holm P, Salo H, Virta P. Synthesis of Site-Specific Antibody-[60]Fullerene-Oligonucleotide Conjugates for Cellular Targeting. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3189-3198. [PMID: 37432881 PMCID: PMC10445261 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
An ideal therapeutic antibody-oligonucleotide conjugate (AOC) would be a uniform construct, contain a maximal oligonucleotide (ON) payload, and retain the antibody (Ab)-mediated binding properties, which leads to an efficient delivery of the ON cargo to the site of therapeutic action. Herein, [60]fullerene-based molecular spherical nucleic acids (MSNAs) have been site-specifically conjugated to antibodies (Abs), and the Ab-mediated cellular targeting of the MSNA-Ab conjugates has been studied. A well-established glycan engineering technology and robust orthogonal click chemistries yielded the desired uniform MSNA-Ab conjugates (MW ∼ 270 kDa), with an oligonucleotide (ON):Ab ratio of 24:1, in 20-26% isolated yields. These AOCs retained the antigen binding properties (Trastuzumab's binding to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2), studied by biolayer interferometry. In addition, Ab-mediated endocytosis was demonstrated with live-cell fluorescence and phase-contrast microscopy on BT-474 breast carcinoma cells, overexpressing HER2. The effect on cell proliferation was analyzed by label-free live-cell time-lapse imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Äärelä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Räsänen
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Patrik Holm
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Salo
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Virta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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10
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Kawamoto Y, Wu Y, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Development of nucleic acid medicines based on chemical technology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114872. [PMID: 37244354 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics have attracted attention as an emerging modality that includes the modulation of genes and their binding proteins related to diseases, allowing us to take action on previously undruggable targets. Since the late 2010s, the number of oligonucleotide medicines approved for clinical uses has dramatically increased. Various chemistry-based technologies have been developed to improve the therapeutic properties of oligonucleotides, such as chemical modification, conjugation, and nanoparticle formation, which can increase nuclease resistance, enhance affinity and selectivity to target sites, suppress off-target effects, and improve pharmacokinetic properties. Similar strategies employing modified nucleobases and lipid nanoparticles have been used for developing coronavirus disease 2019 mRNA vaccines. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of chemistry-based technologies aimed at using nucleic acids for developing therapeutics over the past several decades, with a specific emphasis on the structural design and functionality of chemical modification strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - You Wu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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11
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Wang D, Zhang X, Zhu X. Drug-Grafted DNA for Cancer Therapy. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37294640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the development of solid-phase synthesis and DNA nanotechnology, DNA-based drug delivery systems have seen large advancements over the past decades. By combining various drugs (small-molecular drugs, oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins) with DNA technology, drug-grafted DNA has demonstrated great potential as a promising platform in recent years, in which complementary properties of both components have been discovered; for instance, the synthesis of amphiphilic drug-grafted DNA has enabled the production of DNA nanomedicines for gene therapy and chemotherapy. Through the design of linkages between drug and DNA parts, stimuli-responsiveness can be instilled, which has boosted the application of drug-grafted DNA in various biomedical applications such as cancer therapy. This review discusses the progress of various drug-grafted DNA therapeutic agents, exploring the synthetic techniques and anticancer applications afforded through the combination of drug and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, P. R. China
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12
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Callmann CE, Vasher MK, Das A, Kusmierz CD, Mirkin CA. In Vivo Behavior of Ultrasmall Spherical Nucleic Acids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300097. [PMID: 36905236 PMCID: PMC10272074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The biological properties of spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) are largely independent of nanoparticle core identity but significantly affected by oligonucleotide surface density. Additionally, the payload-to-carrier (i.e., DNA-to-nanoparticle) mass ratio of SNAs is inversely proportional to core size. While SNAs with many core types and sizes have been developed, all in vivo analyses of SNA behavior have been limited to cores >10 nm in diameter. However, "ultrasmall" nanoparticle constructs (<10 nm diameter) can exhibit increased payload-to-carrier ratios, reduced liver accumulation, renal clearance, and enhanced tumor infiltration. Therefore, we hypothesized that SNAs with ultrasmall cores exhibit SNA-like properties, but with in vivo behavior akin to traditional ultrasmall nanoparticles. To investigate, we compared the behavior of SNAs with 1.4-nm Au102 nanocluster cores (AuNC-SNAs) and SNAs with 10-nm gold nanoparticle cores (AuNP-SNAs). Significantly, AuNC-SNAs possess SNA-like properties (e.g., high cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity) but show distinct in vivo behavior. When intravenously injected in mice, AuNC-SNAs display prolonged blood circulation, lower liver accumulation, and higher tumor accumulation than AuNP-SNAs. Thus, SNA-like properties persist at the sub-10-nm length scale and oligonucleotide arrangement and surface density are responsible for the biological properties of SNAs. This work has implications for the design of new nanocarriers for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E Callmann
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew K Vasher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Anindita Das
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Caroline D Kusmierz
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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13
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Pathak N, Patino CA, Ramani N, Mukherjee P, Samanta D, Ebrahimi SB, Mirkin CA, Espinosa HD. Cellular Delivery of Large Functional Proteins and Protein-Nucleic Acid Constructs via Localized Electroporation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3653-3660. [PMID: 36848135 PMCID: PMC10433461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of proteins and protein-nucleic acid constructs into live cells enables a wide range of applications from gene editing to cell-based therapies and intracellular sensing. However, electroporation-based protein delivery remains challenging due to the large sizes of proteins, their low surface charge, and susceptibility to conformational changes that result in loss of function. Here, we use a nanochannel-based localized electroporation platform with multiplexing capabilities to optimize the intracellular delivery of large proteins (β-galactosidase, 472 kDa, 75.38% efficiency), protein-nucleic acid conjugates (protein spherical nucleic acids (ProSNA), 668 kDa, 80.25% efficiency), and Cas9-ribonucleoprotein complex (160 kDa, ∼60% knock-out and ∼24% knock-in) while retaining functionality post-delivery. Importantly, we delivered the largest protein to date using a localized electroporation platform and showed a nearly 2-fold improvement in gene editing efficiencies compared to previous reports. Furthermore, using confocal microscopy, we observed enhanced cytosolic delivery of ProSNAs, which may expand opportunities for detection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibir Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cesar A Patino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Namrata Ramani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Prithvijit Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Devleena Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sasha B Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Horacio D Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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14
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Zhu C, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li J. Dendronized DNA Chimeras Harness Scavenger Receptors To Degrade Cell Membrane Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300694. [PMID: 36734217 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific chimeras bridging cell membrane proteins with lysosome-trafficking receptors (LTRs) provide an effective therapeutic approach through lysosomal degradation of disease-relevant targets. Here, we report a novel dendronized DNA chimera (DENTAC) strategy that uses a dendritic DNA to engage cell surface scavenger receptors (SRs) as LTR. Using bioorthogonal strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition to conjugate the dendritic DNA with protein binder, the resulting DENTAC is able to traffic the protein target into the lysosome for elimination. We demonstrated the utility of DENTAC by degrading oncogenic membrane nucleolin (NCL) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The anti-cancer application of NCL-targeting DENTAC was validated in a mouse xenograft model of lung cancer. This work thus presents a new avenue for rapid development of potent degraders against membrane proteins, with also broad research and therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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15
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Abstract
A foundational principle of rational vaccinology is that vaccine structure plays a critical role in determining therapeutic efficacy, but in order to establish fundamental, effective, and translatable vaccine design parameters, a highly modular and well-defined platform is required. Herein, we report a DNA dendron vaccine, a molecular nanostructure that consists of an adjuvant DNA strand that splits into multiple DNA branches with a varied number of conjugated peptide antigens that is capable of dendritic cell uptake, immune activation, and potent cancer killing. We leveraged the well-defined architecture and chemical modularity of the DNA dendron to study structure-function relationships that dictate molecular vaccine efficacy, particularly regarding the delivery of immune-activating DNA sequences and antigenic peptides on a single chemical construct. We investigated how adjuvant and antigen placement and number impact dendron cellular uptake and immune activation, in vitro. These parameters also played a significant role in raising a potent and specific immune response against target cancer cells. By gaining this structural understanding of molecular vaccines, DNA dendrons successfully treated a mouse cervical human papillomavirus TC-1 cancer model, in vivo, where the vaccine structure defined its efficacy; the top-performing design effectively reduced tumor burden (<150 mm3 through day 30) and maintained 100% survival through 44 d after tumor inoculation.
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16
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Distler ME, Landy KM, Gibson KJ, Lee B, Weigand S, Mirkin CA. Symmetry-Breaking Dendrimer Synthons in Colloidal Crystal Engineering with DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:841-850. [PMID: 36607135 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Breaking symmetry in colloidal crystals is challenging due to the inherent chemical and structural isotropy of many nanoscale building blocks. If a non-particle component could be used to anisotropically encode such building blocks with orthogonal recognition properties, one could expand the scope of structural and compositional possibilities of colloidal crystals beyond what is thus far possible with purely particle-based systems. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel DNA dendrimers that function as symmetry-breaking synthons, capable of programming anisotropic and orthogonal interactions within colloidal crystals. When the DNA dendrimers have identical sticky ends, they hybridize with DNA-functionalized nanoparticles to yield three distinct colloidal crystals, dictated by dendrimer size, including a structure not previously reported in the field of colloidal crystal engineering, Si2Sr. When used as symmetry-breaking synthons (when the sticky ends deliberately consist of orthogonal sequences), the synthesis of binary and ternary colloidal alloys with structures that can only be realized through directional interactions is possible. Furthermore, by modulating the extent of shape anisotropy within the DNA dendrimers, the local distribution of the nanoparticles within the crystals can be directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max E Distler
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kaitlin M Landy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kyle J Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Steven Weigand
- DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) Synchrotron Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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17
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He JL, Tang L, Liao SQ, Guo MT, Wu L, Song Y, Liu S, Cao Z. Label-free palindromic DNA nanospheres as naked-eye colorimetric assay platform for detection of telomerase activity. Talanta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Li R, Wu X, Li J, Lu X, Zhao RC, Liu J, Ding B. A covalently conjugated branched DNA aptamer cluster-based nanoplatform for efficiently targeted drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9369-9378. [PMID: 35726974 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs is essential for precise treatment of various diseases to reduce possible serious side-effects. A screened DNA aptamer has been widely developed for active targeting delivery. Herein, we report a facile strategy for the construction of a branched DNA aptamer cluster-based nanoplatform for efficiently targeted drug delivery. In our design, the terminal-modified DNA aptamer can be covalently conjugated to form a branched aptamer cluster by click reaction easily. The branched aptamer cluster-modified DNA tetrahedron (TET) demonstrates highly targeted cellular uptake with the modification of only one site. After loading the chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX), the DNA aptamer cluster-based nanoplatform elicits a remarkable and selective inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by much-enhanced targeted delivery. This covalently conjugated branched DNA aptamer cluster-based nanoplatform provides a new strategy for the development of targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao No. 5, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao No. 5, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Xuehe Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao No. 5, Beijing 100005, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Huang Z, Callmann CE, Wang S, Vasher MK, Evangelopoulos M, Petrosko SH, Mirkin CA. Rational Vaccinology: Harnessing Nanoscale Chemical Design for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:692-704. [PMID: 35756370 PMCID: PMC9228553 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a powerful treatment strategy that mobilizes the immune system to fight disease. Cancer vaccination is one form of cancer immunotherapy, where spatiotemporal control of the delivery of tumor-specific antigens, adjuvants, and/or cytokines has been key to successfully activating the immune system. Nanoscale materials that take advantage of chemistry to control the nanoscale structural arrangement, composition, and release of immunostimulatory components have shown significant promise in this regard. In this Outlook, we examine how the nanoscale structure, chemistry, and composition of immunostimulatory compounds can be modulated to maximize immune response and mitigate off-target effects, focusing on spherical nucleic acids as a model system. Furthermore, we emphasize how chemistry and materials science are driving the rational design and development of next-generation cancer vaccines. Finally, we identify gaps in the field that should be addressed moving forward and outline future directions to galvanize researchers from multiple disciplines to help realize the full potential of this form of cancer immunotherapy through chemistry and rational vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cassandra E. Callmann
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shuya Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew K. Vasher
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sarah Hurst Petrosko
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary
Biological Sciences Graduate Program, andDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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20
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Wu Y, Chang Y, Shao Y, Guo G, Liu Z, Wang X. Controllable Fabrication of Small-Size Holding Pipets for the Nondestructive Manipulation of Suspended Living Single Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4924-4929. [PMID: 35298884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The capture and manipulation of single cells are an important premise and basis for intracellular delivery, which provides abundant molecular and omics information for biomedical development. However, for intracellular delivery of cargos into/from small-size suspended living single cells, the capture methods are limited by the lack of small-size holding pipets, poor cell activity, and the low spatial accuracy of intracellular delivery. To solve these problems, a method for the controllable fabrication of small-size holding pipets was proposed. A simple, homemade microforge instrument including an imaging device was built to cut and melt the glass capillary tip by controlling the heat production of a nichrome wire. The controllable fabrication of small-size holding pipets was realized by observing the fabrication process in real time. Combined with an electroosmotic drive system and a micromanipulation system with high spatial resolution, the holding pipet achieved the active capture, movement, and sampling of suspended living single cells. Moreover, solid-phase microextraction was performed on captured single pheochromocytoma cells, and the extracted dopamine was successfully detected using an electrochemical method. The homemade microforge instrument overcame the limitations of traditional microforges, resulting in holding pipets that were sufficiently small for small-size suspended single living cells (5-30 μm). This proactive capture method overcame the shortcomings of existing methods to achieve the multiangle, high-precision manipulation of single cells, thereby allowing the intracellular delivery of small-size single cells in suspension with high spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yaran Chang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yunlong Shao
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Guangsheng Guo
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.,Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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21
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Liu C, Wang R, Sun Y, Yin C, Gu Z, Wu W, Jiang X. An Orthogonal Protection Strategy for Synthesizing Scaffold-Modifiable Dendrons and Their Application in Drug Delivery. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:258-267. [PMID: 35233457 PMCID: PMC8880417 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendrons have well-defined dendritic structures. However, it is a great challenge to preserve their high structural definition after multiple functionalization because the site-selective conjugation of different functional molecules is quite difficult. Scaffold-modifiable dendrons that have orthogonal reactive groups at the scaffold and periphery are ideal for achieving the site-specific bifunctionalization. In this paper, we present a new strategy for synthesizing scaffold-modifiable dendrons via orthogonal amino protection and a solid-phase synthesis method. This strategy renders the reactive sites at the scaffold and periphery of the dendrons a super selectivity, high reactivity, and wide applicability to various reaction types. The fourth-generation dendrons can be facilely synthesized within 2 days without structural defects as demonstrated by mass spectrometry. We conjugated doxorubicin (DOX) and phenylboronic acid (PBA) groups to the scaffold and periphery, respectively. Thanks to the PBA-enhanced lysosome escape, tumor targeting ability, and tumor permeability as well as the high drug loading content larger than 30%, the dendron-based prodrug exhibited extraordinary antitumor efficacy and could eradicate the tumors established in mice by multiple intravenous administration. This work provides a practical strategy for synthesizing scaffold-modifiable dendrons that can be a promising nanoplatform to achieve function integration in a precisely controlled manner.
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22
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Zhang B, Bai S, Chao X, Wu T, Chen Z, Cheng Z, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Bai Y. Molecularly pure miktoarm spherical nucleic acids: preparation and usage as a scaffold for abiotic intracellular catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15843-15848. [PMID: 35024108 PMCID: PMC8672723 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04833c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a fullerene-based strategy that allows the synthesis of molecularly pure miktoarm spherical nucleic acids (SNAs) with diverse structures, which, with post-functionalization, could serve as efficient scaffolds for intracellular catalysis. The SNA structure promotes cell permeability, nucleic acid stability, and catalytic efficiency, making the platform ideal for in cellulo reactions. Consequently, the tris(triazole)-bearing miktoarm SNA was able to effectively mediate intracellular copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition at nanomolar level of copper, and facilitate the same reaction in live zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Silei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Xiangyu Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Zehong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Yue Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Yugang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chem-/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 China
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23
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Kawamoto Y, Liu W, Yum JH, Park S, Sugiyama H, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Enhanced Immunostimulatory Activity of Covalent DNA Dendrons. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100583. [PMID: 34881505 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The present study focused on the design and synthesis of covalent DNA dendrons bearing multivalent cytosine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) that can stimulate the immune system through the activation of TLR9. These dendrons were synthesized using branching trebler phosphoramidite containing three identical protecting groups that enabled the simultaneous synthesis of multiple strands on a single molecule. Compared with linear ODNs, covalent DNA dendrons were found to be more resistant to nuclease degradation and were more efficiently taken up by macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. Cellular uptake was suggested to be mediated by macrophage scavenger receptors. The covalent DNA dendrons composed of multivalent immunostimulatory branches enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 from RAW264.7 cells, and 9-branched DNA dendrons showed the highest enhancement. Given their enhanced efficacy, we expect covalent DNA dendrons to be useful structures of oligonucleotide medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kawamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ji Hye Yum
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshidaushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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24
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Gu Y, Distler ME, Cheng HF, Huang C, Mirkin CA. A General DNA-Gated Hydrogel Strategy for Selective Transport of Chemical and Biological Cargos. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17200-17208. [PMID: 34614359 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The selective transport of molecular cargo is critical in many biological and chemical/materials processes and applications. Although nature has evolved highly efficient in vivo biological transport systems, synthetic transport systems are often limited by the challenges associated with fine-tuning interactions between cargo and synthetic or natural transport barriers. Herein, deliberately designed DNA-DNA interactions are explored as a new modality for selective DNA-modified cargo transport through DNA-grafted hydrogel supports. The chemical and physical characteristics of the cargo and hydrogel barrier, including the number of nucleic acid strands on the cargo (i.e., the cargo valency) and DNA-DNA binding strength, can be used to regulate the efficiency of cargo transport. Regimes exist where a cargo-barrier interaction is attractive enough to yield high selectivity yet high mobility, while there are others where the attractive interactions are too strong to allow mobility. These observations led to the design of a DNA-dendron transport tag, which can be used to universally modify macromolecular cargo so that the barrier can differentiate specific species to be transported. These novel transport systems that leverage DNA-DNA interactions provide new chemical insights into the factors that control selective cargo mobility in hydrogels and open the door to designing a wide variety of drug/probe-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Gu
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Max E Distler
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ho Fung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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25
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Cheng HF, Distler ME, Lee B, Zhou W, Weigand S, Mirkin CA. Nanoparticle Superlattices through Template-Encoded DNA Dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17170-17179. [PMID: 34633794 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemical interactions that lead to the emergence of hierarchical structures are often highly complex and difficult to program. Herein, the synthesis of a series of superlattices based upon 30 different structurally reconfigurable DNA dendrimers is reported, each of which presents a well-defined number of single-stranded oligonucleotides (i.e., sticky ends) on its surface. Such building blocks assemble with complementary DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to yield five distinct crystal structures, depending upon choice of dendrimer and defined by phase symmetry. These DNA dendrimers can associate to form micelle-dendrimers, whereby the extent of association can be modulated based upon surfactant concentration and dendrimer length to produce a low-symmetry Ti5Ga4-type phase that has yet to be reported in the field of colloidal crystal engineering. Taken together, colloidal crystals that feature three different types of particle bonding interactions-template-dendron, dendrimer-dendrimer, and DNA-modified AuNP-dendrimer-are reported, illustrating how sequence-defined recognition and dynamic association can be combined to yield complex hierarchical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Fung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Max E Distler
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Steven Weigand
- DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, Argonne, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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