1
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Shimazumi R, Morimoto M, Tobisu M. KO tBu-Catalyzed Synthesis of Isoindole Derivatives from N-Benzyl Amides Bearing an Ortho Alkynyl Group via 1,2-Acyl Shift. Org Lett 2024; 26:5587-5591. [PMID: 38913806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present the catalytic conversion of benzylamides featuring an ortho alkynyl moiety into 1-acylisoindole derivatives via a 1,2-acyl shift. Remarkably, this transformation proceeds without the need for transition-metal catalysts; instead, KOtBu alone serves as the catalyst. This method enables the efficient synthesis of isoindoles from easily accessible amides with an atom economy of 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Moe Morimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Gu YW, Chen M, Deng W, Xu ZY. Computational Exploration of 1,2-Carboamine Carbonylation Catalyzed by Nickel. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4484-4495. [PMID: 38470436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed carbonylation of alkenes is a stereoselective and regioselective method for the synthesis of amide compounds. Theoretical predictions with density functional theory calculations revealed the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity and regioselectivity for the nickel-catalyzed carbonylation of norbornene. The carbonylation reaction proceeds through oxidative addition, migration insertion of alkenes, and subsequent reduction elimination to afford cis-carbonylation product. The C-N bond activation of amides is unfavorable because the oxidative addition ability of the C-C bond is stronger than that of the C-N bond. The determining step of stereoselectivity is the migratory insertion of the strained olefin. The structural analysis shows that steroselectivity is controlled by the steric hindrance of methyl groups to olefins and substituents to IMes in ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Gu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
| | - Man Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
| | - Zheng-Yang Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai201418, PR China
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3
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Zhang R, Yu T, Dong G. Rhodium catalyzed tunable amide homologation through a hook-and-slide strategy. Science 2023; 382:951-957. [PMID: 37995236 PMCID: PMC11102777 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of diverse homologs from lead compounds has been a common and important practice in medicinal chemistry. However, homologation of carboxylic acid derivatives, particularly amides, remains challenging. Here we report a hook-and-slide strategy for homologation of tertiary amides with tunable lengths of the inserted carbon chain. Alkylation at the α-position of the amide (hook) is followed by highly selective branched-to-linear isomerization (slide) to effect amide migration to the end of the newly introduced alkyl chain; thus, the choice of alkylation reagent sets the homologation length. The key step involves a carbon-carbon bond activation process by a carbene-coordinated rhodium complex with assistance from a removable directing group. The approach is demonstrated for introduction of chains as long as 16 carbons and is applicable to derivatized carboxylic acids in complex bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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4
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Malyk K, Pillai VG, Brennessel WW, Leon Baxin R, Silk ES, Nakamura DT, Kennedy CR. Distinguishing Competing Mechanistic Manifolds for C(acyl)-N Functionalization by a Ni/ N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst System. JACS AU 2023; 3:2451-2457. [PMID: 37772178 PMCID: PMC10523494 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acid derivatives are appealing alternatives to organohalides as cross-coupling electrophiles for fine chemical synthesis due to their prevalence in biomass and bioactive small molecules as well as their ease of preparation and handling. Within this family, carboxamides comprise a versatile electrophile class for nickel-catalyzed coupling with carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles. However, even state-of-the-art C(acyl)-N functionalization and cross-coupling reactions typically require high catalyst loadings and specific substitution patterns. These challenges have proven difficult to overcome, in large part due to limited experimental mechanistic insight. In this work, we describe a detailed mechanistic case study of acylative coupling reactions catalyzed by the commonly employed Ni/SIPr catalyst system (SIPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine). Stoichiometric organometallic studies, in situ spectroscopic measurements, and crossover experiments demonstrate the accessibility of Ni(0), Ni(I), and Ni(II) resting states. Although in situ precatalyst activation limits reaction efficiency, the low concentrations of active, SIPr-supported Ni(0) select for electrophile-first (closed-shell) over competing nucleophile-first (open-shell) mechanistic manifolds. We anticipate that the experimental insights into the nature and controlling features of these distinct pathways will accelerate rational improvements to cross-coupling methodologies involving pervasive carboxamide substrate motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William W. Brennessel
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Roberto Leon Baxin
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Elliot S. Silk
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Daniel T. Nakamura
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - C. Rose Kennedy
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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5
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Shimazumi R, Tanimoto R, Tobisu M. Nickel/Photoredox Dual-Catalyzed Conversion of Allyl Esters to Ketones via the Formal Deletion of Oxygen. Org Lett 2023; 25:6440-6445. [PMID: 37594903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the catalytic conversion of allylic esters into the corresponding ketones by the formal deletion of an oxygen atom. The key to the success of the reaction is the dual use of nickel and photoredox catalysts; the former mediates C-O bond activation and C-C bond formation, while the latter is responsible for deoxygenation of the acyloxy group using PPh3 as a stoichiometric reductant. Catalytic replacement of an oxygen atom of an allyl ester with a tethered alkene is also accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riku Tanimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Liu C, Szostak M. Amide N-C Bond Activation: A Graphical Overview of Acyl and Decarbonylative Coupling. SYNOPEN 2023; 7:88-101. [PMID: 38037650 PMCID: PMC10686541 DOI: 10.1055/a-2035-6733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This Graphical Review provides an overview of amide bond activation achieved by selective oxidative addition of the N-C(O) acyl bond to transition metals and nucleophilic acyl addition, resulting in acyl and decarbonylative coupling together with key mechanistic details pertaining to amide bond distortion underlying this reactivity manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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7
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Shi Y, Ji CL, Liu C. Palladium-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Norbornenes via Arylation and Alkynylation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:261-271. [PMID: 36520655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the first general and practical method for the addition of aryl halides and alkynes to norbornenes with palladium catalysis. Norbornenes have been used as the unsaturated acceptors of aryl and alkynyl groups to construct saturated bridged C-C bonds. The combination of Pd(OAc)2/PCy3HBF4 has been identified as the optimal system promoting difunctionalization of norbornenes via the C-X/C-H bond cleavage and highly selective C(sp3)-C(sp2)/C(sp3)-C(sp) bond formation. Broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance have been achieved to show the high efficiency of this approach. Mechanism studies based on experiments and DFT have been performed to gain insights into the catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Shi
- Shandong Lunan Coal Chemical Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Zaozhuang University, 1 Bei'an Road, Zaozhuang, Shandong277160, China
| | - Chong-Lei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Yantai Nanshan University, Longkou, Yantai265713, China.,Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai200444, China
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8
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Pounder A, Neufeld E, Myler P, Tam W. Transition-metal-catalyzed domino reactions of strained bicyclic alkenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:487-540. [PMID: 37153643 PMCID: PMC10155623 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of transition-metal-catalyzed domino reactions of strained bicyclic alkenes, including both homo- and heterobicyclic alkenes. These compounds are important synthons in organic synthesis, providing an important platform for the construction of biologically/medicinally significant compounds which bear multiple stereocenters. The review has been divided according to the metal used in the reaction. An overview of the substrate scope, reaction conditions, and their potential applications in organic synthesis is discussed. A comprehensive outlook on the reactivity paradigms of homo- and heterobicyclic alkenes is discussed and should shed light on future directions for further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Pounder
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Eric Neufeld
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Peter Myler
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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9
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Wu J, Peng Z, Shen T, Liu ZQ. Electrosynthesis of ortho‐Amino Aryl Ketones by Aerobic Electrooxidative Cleavage of the C(2)=C(3)/C(2)‐N Bonds of N‐Boc Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Zehui Peng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Tong Shen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University CHINA
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10
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Song LR, Li H, Wang SF, Lin JP, Huang B, Long YQ. Metal-free hypervalent iodine-promoted tandem carbonyl migration and unactivated C(Ph)-C(Alkyl) bond cleavage for quinolone scaffold synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8340-8343. [PMID: 35758629 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected iodine(III)-mediated C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond cleavage of 3-(methylamino)-2-(2-substitutedbenzoyl)acrylates for efficient synthesis of privileged scaffold 4-quinolones was described. Notably, a wide range of alkyl groups (e.g. methyl, tert-butyl or alkyl chain) can be conveniently cleaved in this system. The detailed mechanism studies revealed that the transformation proceeded through cascade ipso-cyclization and 1,2-carbonyl migration, the smaller bond energy determined ortho C-C bond cleavage rather than C-H bond cleavage, via an enamine radical intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rui Song
- School of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - He Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shen-Feng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ya-Qiu Long
- School of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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11
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Ogawa S, Tobisu M. Nickel-catalyzed 1,4-aryl rearrangement of aryl N-benzylimidates via C-O and C-H bond cleavage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7909-7911. [PMID: 35735189 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02355e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein that nickel-catalyzed reaction of aryl imidates bearing an N-benzyl group results in 1,4-migration of an O-aryl group via the cleavage of C-O and C-H bonds. This protocol allows for the benzylic C-H bond arylation of benzylamine building blocks using phenols as an aryl source to form elaborate diarylmethylamine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. .,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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12
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Ping Y, Pan Q, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li X, Wang M, Kong W. Switchable 1,2-Rearrangement Enables Expedient Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Fluorine-Containing Scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11626-11637. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ya Guo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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13
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Xu L, Shi H. Cobalt-catalyzed divergent functionalization of N-sulfonyl amines via β-carbon elimination. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Long Y, Zheng Y, Xia Y, Qu L, Yang Y, Xiang H, Zhou X. Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of an Aryl Nitrile via Aryl Exchange between an Aromatic Amide and a Simple Nitrile. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Long
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lang Qu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuhe Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Xiang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiangge Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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