1
|
Roychowdhury P, Waheed S, Sengupta U, Herrera RG, Powers DC. Synthesis of Secondary Amines via Self-Limiting Alkylation. Org Lett 2024; 26:4926-4931. [PMID: 38832812 PMCID: PMC11187628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
N-centered nucleophilicity increases upon alkylation, and thus selective partial alkylation of ammonia and primary amines can be challenging: Poor selectivity and overalkylation are often observed. Here we introduce N-aminopyridinium salts as ammonia surrogates for the synthesis of secondary amines via self-limiting alkylation chemistry. Readily available N-aryl-N-aminopyridinium salts engage in N-alkylation and in situ depyridylation to afford secondary aryl-alkyl amines without any overalkylation products. The method overcomes classical challenges in selective amine alkylation by accomplishing alkylation via transient, highly nucleophilic pyridinium ylide intermediates and can be applied in the context of complex molecular scaffolds. These findings establish N-aminopyridinium salts as ammonia synthons in synthetic chemistry and a strategy to control the extent of amine alkylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Roychowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Saim Waheed
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Uddalak Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Roberto G. Herrera
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C. Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ban Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Jia X, Gao P, Yuan Y. Indium Promotes Direct Sulfonamidation of Unactivated Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6345-6352. [PMID: 38602779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
An improved protocol has been developed for the direct sulfonamidation of unactivated alkyl alcohols using In(OTf)3 as a Lewis acid catalyst. Although the established methods using Lewis or Brønsted acids have been well-studied for the direct functionalization of alcohols, their substrate scope mainly focuses on the π-activated alcohols. In this reaction, unactivated aliphatic alcohols were evaluated and afforded the desired sulfonamide products with good to excellent yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Ban
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Pan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Chen SS, Li KD, Huang HM. Cyclic Amine Synthesis via Catalytic Radical-Polar Crossover Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401671. [PMID: 38418423 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The rapid assembly of valuable cyclic amine architectures in a single step from simple precursors has been recognized as an ideal platform in term of efficiency and sustainability. Although a vast number of studies regarding cyclic amine synthesis has been reported, new synthetic disconnection approaches are still high in demand. Herein, we report a catalytic radical-polar crossover cycloaddition to cyclic amine synthesis triggered from primary sulfonamide under photoredox condition. This newly developed disconnection, comparable to established synthetic approaches, will allow to construct β, β-disubstituted cyclic amine and β-monosubstituted cyclic amine derivatives efficiently. This study highlights the unique utility of primary sulfonamide as a bifunctional reagent, which acts as a radical precursor and a nucleophile. The open-shell methodology demonstrates broad tolerance to various functional groups, drug derivatives and natural products in an economically and sustainable fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Dian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, 201210, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie ZZ, Liao ZH, Zheng Y, Yuan CP, Guan JP, Li MZ, Deng KY, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Photoredox-Catalyzed Selective α-Scission of PR 3-OH Radicals to Access Hydroalkylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:9014-9019. [PMID: 38063439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced generation of phosphoranyl radicals offers a versatile strategy to access a variety of synthetically valuable radicals. A long-standing challenge remains in the regulation of phosphoranyl radical to undergo α-scission pathway, although the β-scission mode has been intensively studied. We herein developed an unprecedented protocol for selective α-scission of the P(OH)R3 radical intermediate under photocatalytic conditions. This efficient P-C bond cleavage via α-scission of the P(OH)R3 radicals has been successfully utilized in the alkylation/fluoroalkylation of alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Ping Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yi Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tanaka N, Zhu JL, Valencia OL, Schull CR, Scheidt KA. Cooperative Carbene Photocatalysis for β-Amino Ester Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37906227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
β-Amino acids are useful building blocks of bioactive molecules, including peptidomimetics and pharmaceutical compounds. The current limited accessibility to β2,2-type amino acids which bear an α-quaternary center has limited their use in chemical synthesis and biological investigations. Disclosed herein is the development of a new N-heterocyclic carbene/photocatalyzed aminocarboxylation of olefins, affording β2,2-amino esters with high regioselectivity. The generation of nitrogen-centered radicals derived from simple imides via a sequence of deprotonation and single-electron oxidation allows for the subsequent addition to geminal-disubstituted olefins regioselectively. The intermediate tertiary radicals then cross-couple with a stabilized azolium-based radical generated in situ to efficiently construct the quaternary centers. Mechanistic studies, including Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching experiments, support the proposed catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua L Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Oniya L Valencia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cullen R Schull
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meger FS, Murphy JA. Recent Advances in C-H Functionalisation through Indirect Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Molecules 2023; 28:6127. [PMID: 37630379 PMCID: PMC10459052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalisation of C-H bonds has been an enormous achievement in synthetic methodology, enabling new retrosynthetic disconnections and affording simple synthetic equivalents for synthons. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is a key method for forming alkyl radicals from C-H substrates. Classic reactions, including the Barton nitrite ester reaction and Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag reaction, among others, provided early examples of HAT. However, recent developments in photoredox catalysis and electrochemistry have made HAT a powerful synthetic tool capable of introducing a wide range of functional groups into C-H bonds. Moreover, greater mechanistic insights into HAT have stimulated the development of increasingly site-selective protocols. Site-selectivity can be achieved through the tuning of electron density at certain C-H bonds using additives, a judicious choice of HAT reagent, and a solvent system. Herein, we describe the latest methods for functionalizing C-H/Si-H/Ge-H bonds using indirect HAT between 2018-2023, as well as a critical discussion of new HAT reagents, mechanistic aspects, substrate scopes, and background contexts of the protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip S. Meger
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 16 Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
ConspectusHypervalent iodine reagents find application as selective chemical oxidants in a diverse array of oxidative transformations. The utility of these reagents is often ascribed to (1) the proclivity to engage being selective two-electron redox transformations; (2) facile ligand exchange at the three-centered, four-electron (3c-4e) hypervalent iodine-ligand (I-X) bonds; and (3) the hypernucleofugacity of aryl iodides. One-electron redox and iodine radical chemistry is well-precedented in the context of inorganic hypervalent iodine chemistry─for example, in the iodide-triiodide couple that drives dye-sensitized solar cells. In contrast, organic hypervalent iodine chemistry has historically been dominated by the two-electron I(I)/I(III) and I(III)/I(V) redox couples, which results from intrinsic instability of the intervening odd-electron species. Transient iodanyl radicals (i.e., formally I(II) species), generated by reductive activation of hypervalent I-X bonds, have recently gained attention as potential intermediates in hypervalent iodine chemistry. Importantly, these open-shell intermediates are typically generated by activation of stoichiometric hypervalent iodine reagents, and the role of the iodanyl radical in substrate functionalization and catalysis is largely unknown.Our group has been interested in advancing the chemistry of iodanyl radicals as intermediates in the sustainable synthesis of hypervalent I(III) and I(V) compounds and as novel platforms for substrate activation at open-shell main-group intermediates. In 2018, we disclosed the first example of aerobic hypervalent iodine catalysis by intercepting reactive intermediates in aldehyde autoxidation chemistry. While we initially hypothesized that the observed oxidation was accomplished by aerobically generated peracids via a two-electron I(I)-to-I(III) oxidation reaction, detailed mechanistic studies revealed the critical role of acetate-stabilized iodanyl radical intermediates. We subsequently leveraged these mechanistic insights to develop hypervalent iodine electrocatalysis. Our studies resulted in the identification of new catalyst design principles that give rise to highly efficient organoiodide electrocatalysts that operate at modest applied potentials. These advances addressed classical challenges in hypervalent iodine electrocatalysis related to the need for high applied potentials and high catalyst loadings. In some cases, we were able to isolate the anodically generated iodanyl radical intermediates, which allowed direct interrogation of the elementary chemical reactions characteristic of iodanyl radicals. Both substrate activation via bidirectional proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions at I(II) intermediates and disproportionation reactions of I(II) species to generate I(III) compounds have been experimentally validated.This Account discusses the emerging synthetic and catalytic chemistry of iodanyl radicals. Results from our group have demonstrated that these open-shell species can play a critical role in sustainable synthesis of hypervalent iodine reagents and play a heretofore unappreciated role in catalysis. Realization of I(I)/I(II) catalytic cycles as a mechanistic alternative to canonical two-electron iodine redox chemistry promises to open new avenues to application of organoiodides in catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Maity
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Brandon L. Frey
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David C. Powers
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang M, Simon JC, Xu M, Corio SA, Hirschi JS, Dong VM. Copper-Catalyzed Hydroamination: Enantioselective Addition of Pyrazoles to Cyclopropenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14573-14580. [PMID: 37390403 PMCID: PMC10433791 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Chiral N-cyclopropyl pyrazoles and structurally related heterocycles are prepared using an earth-abundant copper catalyst under mild reaction conditions with high regio-, diastereo-, and enantiocontrol. The observed N2:N1 regioselectivity favors the more hindered nitrogen of the pyrazole. Experimental and DFT studies support a unique mechanism that features a five-centered aminocupration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Julie C Simon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mengfei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Stephanie A Corio
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jennifer S Hirschi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Vy M Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee W, Koo Y, Jung H, Chang S, Hong S. Energy-transfer-induced [3+2] cycloadditions of N-N pyridinium ylides. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01258-2. [PMID: 37365339 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Photocycloaddition is a powerful reaction to enable the conversion of alkenes into high-value synthetic materials that are normally difficult to obtain under thermal conditions. Lactams and pyridines, both prominent in pharmaceutical applications, currently lack effective synthetic strategies to combine them within a single molecular structure. Here we describe an efficient approach to diastereoselective pyridyl lactamization via a photoinduced [3+2] cycloaddition, based on the unique triplet-state reactivity of N-N pyridinium ylides in the presence of a photosensitizer. The corresponding triplet diradical intermediates allow the stepwise radical [3+2] cycloaddition with a broad range of activated and unactivated alkenes under mild conditions. This method exhibits excellent efficiency, diastereoselectivity and functional group tolerance, providing a useful synthon for ortho-pyridyl γ- and δ-lactam scaffolds with syn-configuration in a single step. Combined experimental and computational studies reveal that the energy transfer process leads to a triplet-state diradical of N-N pyridinium ylides, which promotes the stepwise cycloaddition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yejin Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma S, Hartwig JF. Progression of Hydroamination Catalyzed by Late Transition-Metal Complexes from Activated to Unactivated Alkenes. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:1565-1577. [PMID: 37272995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCatalytic intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes is an atom- and step-economical method for the synthesis of amines, which have important applications as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, catalysts, and materials. However, hydroaminations of alkenes in high yield with high selectivity are challenging to achieve because these reactions often lack a thermodynamic driving force and often are accompanied by side reactions, such as alkene isomerization, telomerization, and oxidative amination. Consequently, early examples of hydroamination were generally limited to the additions of N-H bonds to conjugated alkenes or strained alkenes, and the catalytic hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with late transition metals has only been disclosed recently. Many classes of catalysts, including early transition metals, late transition metals, rare-earth metals, acids, and photocatalysts, have been reported for catalytic hydroamination. Among them, late transition-metal complexes possess several advantages, including their relative ease of handling and their high compatibility of substrates containing polar or sensitive functional groups.This Account describes the progression in our laboratory of hydroaminations catalyzed by late transition-metal complexes from the initial additions of N-H bonds to activated alkenes to the more recent additions to unactivated alkenes. Our developments include the Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of vinylarenes with palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium, the hydroamination of dienes and trienes with nickel and palladium, the hydroanimation of bicyclic strained alkenes with neutral iridium, and the hydroamination of unactivated terminal and internal alkenes with cationic iridium and ruthenium. Enantioselective hydroaminations of these classes of alkenes to form enantioenriched, chiral amines also have been developed.Mechanistic studies have elucidated the elementary steps and the turnover-limiting steps of these catalytic reactions. The hydroamination of conjugated alkenes catalyzed by palladium, rhodium, nickel, and ruthenium occurs by turnover-limiting nucleophilic attack of the amine on a coordinated benzyl, allyl, alkene, or arene ligand. On the other hand, the hydroamination of unconjugated alkenes catalyzed by ruthenium and iridium occurs by turnover-limiting migratory insertion of the alkene into a metal-nitrogen bond. In addition, pathways for the formation of side products, including isomeric alkenes and enamines, have been identified during our studies. During studies on enantioselective hydroamination, the reversibility of the hydroamination has been shown to erode the enantiopurity of the products. Based on our mechanistic understandings, new generations of catalysts that promote catalytic hydroaminations with higher rates, chemoselectivity, and enantioselectivity have been developed. We hope that our discoveries and mechanistic insights will facilitate the further development of catalysts that promote selective, practical, and efficient hydroamination of alkenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senjie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim J, Kim M, Jeong J, Hong S. Unlocking the Potential of β-Fragmentation of Aminophosphoranyl Radicals for Sulfonyl Radical Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37339337 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting β-scission in aminophosphoranyl radicals for radical-mediated transformations has been a longstanding challenge. In this study, we investigated the untapped potential of β-fragmentation in aminophosphoranyl radicals by leveraging the unique properties of the P-N bond and the substituents of P(III) reagents. Our approach carefully considers factors such as cone angle and electronic properties of phosphine and employs density functional theory (DFT) calculations to probe structural and molecular orbital influence. We successfully induced β-fragmentation through N-S bond cleavage of aminophosphoranyl radicals under visible light and mild conditions, generating a range of sulfonyl radicals derived from pyridinium salts via the photochemical activity of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes. This innovative synthetic strategy exhibits broad applicability, including late-stage functionalization, and paves the way for valuable sulfonyl radical-mediated reactions, such as alkene hydrosulfonylation, difunctionalization, and pyridylic C-H sulfonylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Myojeong Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jinwook Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lei J, Li M, Zhang Q, Liu S, Li H, Shi L, Jiang WF, Duan C, Jin Y. Visible-Light-Induced Radical Cascade Cross-Coupling via C(sp 3)-H Activation and C-N/N-O Cleavage: Feasible Access to Methylenebisamide Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:2300-2305. [PMID: 36972412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Here we report facile and manipulable access to methylenebisamide derivatives via visible-light-driven radical cascade processes incorporating C(sp3)-H activation and C-N/N-O cleavage. Mechanistic studies reveal that a traditional Ir-catalyzed photoredox pathway and a novel copper-induced complex-photolysis pathway are both involved, contributing to activating the inert N-methoxyamides and rendering the valuable bisamides. This approach exhibits many advantages, including mild reaction conditions, broad scope and functional group tolerance, and competitive step economy. Given the mechanistic plenitude and operational simplicity, we believe this package deal paves a promising way for the synthesis of valuable nitrogen-containing molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglan Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Experiment Center of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Min Li
- Experiment Center of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haifang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wen-Feng Jiang
- Experiment Center of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang G, He H, Chen X, Ni SF, Zeng R. Photoinduced Disulfide-Catalyzed Intramolecular Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination through in Situ N-S Species. Org Lett 2023; 25:1600-1604. [PMID: 36853119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of olefins typically required photocatalysts with a high oxidative ability to initiate the single-electron process. Herein, we alternatively utilize bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) disulfide, an inexpensive reagent with relatively low oxidative ability, as a photo and hydrogen atom transfer catalyst to achieve intramolecular hydroamination. The mechanistic studies as well as the DFT calculations are consistent with a novel process involving N-centered radical generation through the homolysis of the in situ formed N-S species and subsequent cyclization. An array of diverse nitrogen-containing cycles could be obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheng F, Li D, Li J, Tang Y, Wu Y, Xu S. Synthesis of Phosphinic Amides from Chlorophosphines and Hydroxyl Amines via P(III) to P(V) Rearrangement. Org Lett 2023; 25:2555-2559. [PMID: 36876752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoranyl radicals are essential mediators to bring about new radicals but often produce a stoichiometric amount of phosphine oxide/sulfide waste. Herein, we devised a phosphorus-containing species as a radical precursor, but without the generation of phosphorus waste. Accordingly, a catalyst-free synthesis of phosphinic amides from hydroxyl amines and chlorophosphines via P(III) to P(V) rearrangement is described. Mechanistically, it may involve the initial formation of a R2N-O-PR2 species that undergoes homolysis of N-O bonds and subsequent radical recombination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Dongqiu Li
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yuhai Tang
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Silong Xu
- School of Chemistry, and Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pozhydaiev V, Vayer M, Fave C, Moran J, Lebœuf D. Synthesis of Unprotected β-Arylethylamines by Iron(II)-Catalyzed 1,2-Aminoarylation of Alkenes in Hexafluoroisopropanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215257. [PMID: 36541580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β-Arylethylamines are prevalent structural motifs in molecules exhibiting biological activity. Here we report a sequential one-pot protocol for the 1,2-aminoarylation of alkenes with hydroxylammonium triflate salts and (hetero)arenes. Unlike existing methods, this reaction provides a direct entry to unprotected β-arylethylamines with remarkable functional group tolerance, allowing key drug-oriented functional groups to be installed in a two-step process. The use of hexafluoroisopropanol as a solvent in combination with an iron(II) catalyst proved essential to reaching high-value nitrogen-containing molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Pozhydaiev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Vayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Fave
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tan CY, Kim M, Park I, Kim Y, Hong S. Site-Selective Pyridine C-H Alkylation with Alcohols and Thiols via Single-Electron Transfer of Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213857. [PMID: 36314414 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A unified strategy for the deoxygenative or desulfurative pyridylation of various alcohols and thiols has been developed through a single-electron transfer (SET) process of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) derived from pyridinium salts and PtBu3 . Mechanistic studies revealed that N-amidopyridinium salts serve as effective Lewis acids for the formation of FLPs with PtBu3 , and the generated phosphine radical cation ionically couples with the in situ generated xanthate, eventually affording the alkyl radical through facile β-scission under photocatalyst-free conditions. The reaction efficiency was further accelerated by visible-light irradiation. This method is conceptually appealing by using encounter complexes in FLP chemistry to promote SET, which provides a previously unrecognized opportunity for the selective heteroarylation of a diverse range of alcohols and thiols with various functional groups, even in complex settings under mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myojeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wagner-Carlberg N, Rovis T. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamidation of Unactivated Alkenes Using Dioxazolones as Amidating Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22426-22432. [PMID: 36453859 PMCID: PMC10583218 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The amide is one of the most prevalent functional groups in all of pharmaceuticals, and for this reason, reactions that introduce the amide moiety are of particular value. Intermolecular hydroamidation of alkenes remains an underexplored method for the synthesis of amide-containing compounds. The majority of hydroamidation procedures exhibit Markovnikov regioselectivity, while current methods for anti-Markovnikov hydroamidation are somewhat limited to activated alkene substrates or radical processes. Herein, we report a general method for the intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamidation of unactivated alkenes under mild conditions, utilizing Rh(III) catalysis in conjunction with dioxazolone amidating reagents and isopropanol as an environmentally friendly hydride source. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and efficiently converts electron-deficient alkenes, styrenes, and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, in addition to unactivated alkenes, to their corresponding linear amides. Mechanistic studies reveal a reversible rhodium hydride migratory insertion step, leading to exquisite selectivity for the anti-Markovnikov product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah Wagner-Carlberg
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Du Y, Jiang B, Han G. A Facile Highly Selective Anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of Vinyl Pyridines by Free Radical Oxidation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue‐Yue Du
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. of. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. of. China
| | - Guo‐Zhi Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 P. R. of. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Han Y, Zhu S, Qing F, Xue X, Chu L. Light‐Induced Divergent Cyanation of Alkynes Enabled by Phosphorus Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210838. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials Donghua University College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yunhong Han
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials Donghua University College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Feng‐Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 P. R. China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials Donghua University College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Shanghai 201620 China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang H, Tian YM, König B. Energy- and atom-efficient chemical synthesis with endergonic photocatalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:745-755. [PMID: 37117495 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endergonic photocatalysis is the use of light to perform catalytic reactions that are thermodynamically unfavourable. While photocatalysis has become a powerful tool in facilitating chemical transformations, the light-energy efficiency of these processes has not gathered much attention. Exergonic photocatalysis does not take full advantage of the light energy input, producing low-energy products and heat, whereas endergonic photocatalysis incorporates a portion of the photon energy into the reaction, yielding products that are higher in free energy than the reactants. Such processes can enable catalytic, atom-economic syntheses of reactive compounds from bench-stable materials. With respect to environmental friendliness and carbon neutrality, endergonic photocatalysis is also of interest to large-scale industrial manufacturing, where better energy efficiency, less waste and value addition are highly sought. We therefore assess here the thermochemistry of several classes of reported photocatalytic transformations to showcase current advances in endergonic photocatalysis and point to their industrial potential.
Collapse
|
21
|
Jia SM, Huang YH, Wang ZL, Fan FX, Fan BH, Sun HX, Wang H, Wang F. Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes with Aliphatic Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16316-16324. [PMID: 36047787 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here an efficient and highly diastereoselective intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with aliphatic azides in the presence of silane. The system tolerates a wide range of azides and alkenes and operates with alkene as limiting reagent. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical chain pathway that involves aminium radical formation, radical addition to alkenes and HAT from silane to β-aminium alkyl radical. The use of sterically bulky silane is proposed to contribute to the excellent diastereoselectivity for HAT. Computational analysis uncovers the reaction pathway of aliphatic azide activation with silyl radical for aminyl radical formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi-Hang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhan-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang-Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bo-Han Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Luo MJ, Xiao Q, Li JH. Electro-/photocatalytic alkene-derived radical cation chemistry: recent advances in synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7206-7237. [PMID: 35880555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkene-derived radical cations are versatile reactive intermediates and have been widely applied in the construction of complex functionalized molecules and cyclic systems for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the synthetic application of these alkene-derived radical cations represents a powerful and green tool that can be used to achieve the functionalization of alkenes partially because the necessity of stoichiometric external chemical oxidants and/or hazardous reaction conditions is eliminated. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of the electro-/photochemical alkene-derived radical cations, emphasizing the key single-electron oxidation steps of the alkenes, the scope and limitations of the substrates, and the related reaction mechanisms. Using electrocatalysis and/or photocatalysis, single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of the CC bonds in the alkenes occurs, generating the alkene-derived radical cations, which sequentially enables the functionalization of translocated radical cations to occur in two ways: the first involves direct reaction with a nucleophile/radical or two molecules of nucleophiles to realize hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization and cyclization; and the second involves the transformation of the alkene-derived radical cations into carbon-centered radicals using a base followed by radical coupling or oxidative nucleophilic coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have long focused on selective C(sp 3)-N bond-forming approaches in response to the high value of this motif in natural products, pharmaceutical agents and functional materials. In recent years, visible light-induced protocols have become an important synthetic platform to promote this transformation under mild reaction conditions. These photo-driven methods rely on converting visible light into chemical energy to generate reactive but controllable radical species. This Review highlights recent advances in this area, mostly after 2014, with an emphasis placed on C(sp 3)-H bond activations, including amination of olefins and carbonyl compounds, and cross-coupling reactions.
Collapse
|
24
|
Xia GD, He YY, Zhang J, Liu ZK, Gao Y, Hu XQ. Deoxygenative gem-difluorovinylation of aliphatic alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6733-6736. [PMID: 35604320 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented deoxygenative gem-difluorovinylation of aliphatic alcohols using α-trifluoromethyl alkenes is achieved under photocatalytic conditions. Inexpensive Ph3P acts as an efficient O-atom transfer reagent to facilitate the deoxygenation of alcohols for the generation of reactive alkyl radical species. Remarkable features of this reaction include mild conditions, simple operation and broad scope. The synthetic utility of this reaction was validated by the success of two-step one-pot reactions, scale-up synthesis and chemoselective monodeoxygenation of diols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Da Xia
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zi-Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tilby MJ, Dewez DF, Pantaine LRE, Hall A, Martínez-Lamenca C, Willis MC. Photocatalytic Late-Stage Functionalization of Sulfonamides via Sulfonyl Radical Intermediates. ACS Catal 2022; 12:6060-6067. [PMID: 35633900 PMCID: PMC9127806 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A plethora of drug
molecules and agrochemicals contain the sulfonamide
functional group. However, sulfonamides are seldom viewed as synthetically
useful functional groups. To confront this limitation, a late-stage
functionalization strategy is described, which allows sulfonamides
to be converted to pivotal sulfonyl radical intermediates. This methodology
exploits a metal-free photocatalytic approach to access radical chemistry,
which is harnessed by combining pharmaceutically relevant sulfonamides
with an assortment of alkene fragments. Additionally, the sulfinate
anion can be readily obtained, further broadening the options for
sulfonamide functionalization. Mechanistic studies suggest that energy-transfer
catalysis (EnT) is in operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Tilby
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Damien F. Dewez
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Loïc R. E. Pantaine
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Adrian Hall
- UCB Biopharma SPRL, 1420 Braine-l’Alleud, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Michael C. Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Millet A, Cesana PT, Sedillo K, Bird MJ, Schlau-Cohen GS, Doyle AG, MacMillan DWC, Scholes GD. Bioinspired Supercharging of Photoredox Catalysis for Applications in Energy and Chemical Manufacturing. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1423-1434. [PMID: 35471814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusFor more than a decade, photoredox catalysis has been demonstrating that when photoactive catalysts are irradiated with visible light, reactions occur under milder, cheaper, and environmentally friendlier conditions. Furthermore, this methodology allows for the activation of abundant chemicals into valuable products through novel mechanisms that are otherwise inaccessible. The photoredox approach, however, has been primarily used for pharmaceutical applications, where its implementation has been highly effective, but typically with a more rudimentary understanding of the mechanisms involved in these transformations. From a global perspective, the manufacture of everyday chemicals by the chemical industry as a whole currently accounts for 10% of total global energy consumption and generates 7% of the world's greenhouse gases annually. In this context, the Bio-Inspired Light-Escalated Chemistry (BioLEC) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) was founded to supercharge the photoredox approach for applications in chemical manufacturing aimed at reducing its energy consumption and emissions burden, by using bioinspired schemes to harvest multiple electrons to drive endothermically uphill chemical reactions. The Center comprises a diverse group of researchers with expertise that includes synthetic chemistry, biophysics, physical chemistry, and engineering. The team works together to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanistic details of photoredox reactions while amplifying the applications of these light-driven methodologies.In this Account, we review some of the major advances in understanding, approach, and applicability made possible by this collaborative Center. Combining sophisticated spectroscopic tools and photophysics tactics with enhanced photoredox reactions has led to the development of novel techniques and reactivities that greatly expand the field and its capabilities. The Account is intended to highlight how the interplay between disciplines can have a major impact and facilitate the advance of the field. For example, techniques such as time-resolved dielectric loss (TRDL) and pulse radiolysis are providing mechanistic insights not previously available. Hypothesis-driven photocatalyst design thus led to broadening of the scope of several existing transformations. Moreover, bioconjugation approaches and the implementation of triplet-triplet annihilation mechanisms created new avenues for the exploration of reactivities. Lastly, our multidisciplinary approach to tackling real-world problems has inspired the development of efficient methods for the depolymerization of lignin and artificial polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Millet
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul T. Cesana
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kassandra Sedillo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Matthew J. Bird
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Gabriela S. Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Abigail G. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David W. C. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu C, Li K, Shang R. Arenethiolate as a Dual Function Catalyst for Photocatalytic Defluoroalkylation and Hydrodefluorination of Trifluoromethyls. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pratley C, Fenner S, Murphy JA. Nitrogen-Centered Radicals in Functionalization of sp 2 Systems: Generation, Reactivity, and Applications in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8181-8260. [PMID: 35285636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) has plentiful applications in organic synthesis, and they continue to expand as our understanding of these reactive species increases. The utility of these reactive intermediates is demonstrated in the recent advances in C-H amination and the (di)amination of alkenes. Synthesis of previously challenging structures can be achieved by efficient functionalization of sp2 moieties without prefunctionalization, allowing for faster and more streamlined synthesis. This Review addresses the generation, reactivity, and application of NCRs, including, but not limited to, iminyl, aminyl, amidyl, and aminium species. Contributions from early discovery up to the most recent examples have been highlighted, covering radical initiation, thermolysis, photolysis, and, more recently, photoredox catalysis. Radical-mediated intermolecular amination of (hetero)arenes can occur with a variety of complex amine precursors, generating aniline derivatives, an important class of structures for drug discovery and development. Functionalization of olefins is achievable in high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and allows access to difunctionalized structures when the intermediate carbon radicals are trapped. Additionally, the reactivity of NCRs can be harnessed for the rapid construction of N-heterocycles such as pyrrolidines, phenanthridines, quinoxalines, and quinazolinones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pratley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Fenner
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|