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Reik C, Jenner LW, Schubert H, Eichele K, Wesemann L. Germaborene reactivity study - addition of carbon nucleophiles, cycloaddition reactions, coordination chemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11358-11366. [PMID: 39055029 PMCID: PMC11268465 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
MeNHC substituted germaborenium cation 2 was synthesized directly in reaction of bromo-substituted germaborene 1b with MeNHC. The adamantyl isonitrile substituted germaborenium cation 4 was obtained stepwise: substitution of the chloride atom against adamantyl isonitrile at the B-Cl unit in 1a, simultaneous migration of the chloride to the germanium atom followed by chloride abstraction using Na[BArF 4] gives the germaborenium cation 4. Substitution of the bromide atom in 1b against carbon monoxide followed by bromide abstraction using Ag[Al(OtBuF)4] leads to compound 6 exhibiting a B[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond substituted at the boron atom by a germylium cation. Treating the germaborene [Ge[double bond, length as m-dash]B-Ph] (1c) with selenium, a cycloaddition product 7 was characterised featuring a GeBSe heterocycle. Carbon dioxide reacts with 1b to give a four membered ring molecule 8 as the product of a B-C and Ge-O bond formation. In reaction of 1b with dimethylbutadiene, a product 9 of a [2 + 4] cycloaddition was isolated. Transition metal fragments [Fe(CO)4 (10), CuBr (11), AuCl (12)] show coordination at the germaborene double bond. Molecular structures of the germaborene coordination compounds 10-12 are presented and the ligand properties are discussed. After treating the germaborene [Ge[double bond, length as m-dash]B-Br] (1b) with [Cp*Al]4, insertion of a Cp*Al moiety into the B-Br bond was found (13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Reik
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Lukas W Jenner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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2
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Liang P, Wei J, Wei Y, Wang X, Liu F, Wang T. Hetero Diels-Alder reactions of isolable N-borylenamines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5964-5967. [PMID: 38767204 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A new strategy for N-borylenamines by reaction of 2-alkynyl benzyl azides with B(C6F5)3 was developed. This novel 1,3-carboboration reaction proceeded via a 5-exo-dig cyclization/formal 1,1-carboboration/B(C6F5)2 shift reaction sequence. Additionally, N-borylenamines can undergo hetero Diels-Alder (HDA) reactions with a variety of dienophiles. Our results are an attractive complement to HDA reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Junhui Wei
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yongliang Wei
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Tongdao Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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3
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Eaton M, Zhang Y, Liu SY. Borataalkenes, boraalkenes, and the η 2-B,C coordination mode in coordination chemistry and catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1915-1935. [PMID: 38190152 PMCID: PMC10922737 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00730h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Borataalkenes and boraalkenes are the boron-containing isoelectronic analogues of alkenes and vinyl cations respectively. Compared with alkenes, the borataalkene and boraalkene ligand motifs in transition metal coordination chemistry are relatively underexplored. In this review, the synthesis of borataalkene and boraalkene complexes and other transition metal complexes featuring the η2-B,C coordination mode is described. The diversity of coordination modes and geometry in these complexes, and the spectroscopic and structural evidence supporting their assignments is disclosed as well as computational analysis of bonding. The applications of the borataalkene ligand motif in synthetic organic homogeneous catalysis, especially those involving geminal bis(pinacolatoboronates) and 1,4-azaborines, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Eaton
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, 02467-3860, USA.
| | - Yuanzhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, 02467-3860, USA.
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, 02467-3860, USA.
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA/CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux IPREM UMR 5254. Hélioparc, 2 avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau cedex 09, France
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4
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Han J, Hu C, Li Q, Liu LL, Tung CH, Cui P, Kong L. Derivatization of an Alkylideneborane with B═C Bond Cleavage. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18820-18824. [PMID: 37935044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity of alkylideneborane 2, supported by π-donating N-heterocyclic imino and σ-donating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands. The incorporation of these ligands effectively weakens the B═C bond strength, leading to enhanced reactivity. Consequently, selective cleavage of the B═C bond can be achieved using pyridine-N-oxide, sulfur, and selenium, resulting in the formation of 1,3-dioxa-2,4-diboretane 3, thioxoborane 4, and selenoborane 5, respectively. Furthermore, intriguing B═C bond insertions with CO2 and CS2 are observed, affording zwitterionic borenium/fluorenide 6 and dithiaboretane 7. The former species 6 is readily converted to transient oxoborane and imidazolium enolate, showcasing the bora-Wittig reaction of alkylideneborane. This investigation highlights the potential of alkylideneborane as a versatile building block for synthesizing novel organoboron compounds through unconventional transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chaopeng Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qianli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ping Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lingbing Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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5
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Jie X, Chen C, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Boraalkenes Made by a Hydroboration Route: Cycloaddition and B=C Bond Cleavage Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214700. [PMID: 36433899 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydroboration of styrene or vinylcyclohexane with the IMes(C6 F5 )BH+ cation followed by deprotonation provided a convenient synthetic entry to the [B]=CHCH2 R boraalkenes 9 a and 9 b. The in situ generated IMes(SCN)BH+ system reacted similarly with 1,1-diphenylethene followed by deprotonation to give the isothiocyanato substituted boraalkene 9 c. The boraalkenes underwent [2+2] cycloaddition reactions with a small series of heterocumulenes to give the respective four-membered heterocycles. The [B]=CHCH2 R+CO2 cycloadducts 13 a and 13 b added the borane HB(C6 F5 )2 with cleavage of the central B-C σ-bond. CS2 underwent an unusual reaction with the boraalkenes, namely insertion into the B=C bond with formation of the borylated dithioketene acetal under complete rupture of the strong B=C double bond. The intermediate dithiobora-β-lactone type intermediate was isolated in the case of the isothiocyanato-boraalkene reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Jie
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chaohuang Chen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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6
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Sun Q, Daniliuc CG, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Kehr G, Erker G. Formation of a Hybrid 1‐Bora‐3‐boratabenzene Heteroarene Anion Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205565. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Sun
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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7
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Schulz A, Beweries T, Rothe J, Villinger A, Reiss F, Bresien J. A 2‐Aza‐3,4‐Diphospha‐1‐Bora‐Butadiene. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Schulz
- Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock GERMANY
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8
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Sun Q, Daniliuc CG, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Kehr G, Erker G. Formation of a Hybrid 1‐Bora‐3‐boratabenzene Heteroarene Anion Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Sun
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemsiches Institut GERMANY
| | | | - Gerald Kehr
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster GERMANY
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9
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Škoch K, Chen C, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. A deprotonation pathway to reactive [B]CH 2 boraalkenes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7695-7704. [PMID: 35521694 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01193j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The BH compounds IMes(ArF)BH(NTf2) (ArF: C6F5 or FpXyl) were converted to the IMes(ArF)BCH2 boraalkenes in a three step reaction sequence of B-methylation with methyllithium, hydride abstraction and deprotonation. The BCH2 boraalkenes reacted with elemental sulfur to give a thiaborirane product. They underwent [2+2] cycloaddition reactions with carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide to give four-membered boron containing heterocycles. The boraalkenes added strongly Lewis acidic boranes at their CH2 carbon atoms. The corresponding HB(C6F5)2/boraalkene adduct reduced carbon monoxide to a -OCH(C6F5)- moiety inside a five-membered heterocycle at the B-CH2-B template. The boraalkenes reacted with the [(Me2S)AuCl] reagent to form the corresponding (boraalkene)AuCl complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Škoch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Chaohuang Chen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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10
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Chen C, Daniliuc CG, Klabunde S, Hansen MR, Kehr G, Erker G. Generation of Boryl-nitroxide Radicals from a Boraalkene via the Nitroso Ene Reaction. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10891-10896. [PMID: 36320693 PMCID: PMC9491209 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02485c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Examples of isolated boron substituted nitroxide radicals are rare. The reaction of the reactive cyclic boraalkene 3 with nitrosobenzene yields a mixture of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition product 4a, the B-nitroxide radicals 5a and 6a and the azoxybenzene co-product 7avia a bora nitroso ene reaction pathway, the boron analogue of the nitroso ene reaction. The products were separated by flash chromatography, and the B-nitroxide radicals were characterized by X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy. Radical 5a was shown to be a hydrogen atom abstractor. Both the B-nitroxide radicals are more easily oxidized compared to e.g. TEMPO, as shown by cyclic voltammetry. The NHC-stabilized boraalkene reacts with nitrosobenzene to give a [2+2] cycloaddition product plus a pair of persistent borylnitroxide radicals. These are thought to be formed by means of a bora nitroso ene reaction followed by H-atom transfer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohuang Chen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Sina Klabunde
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/3040 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/3040 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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