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Chen YZ, He YC, Yan L, Zhao W, Wu B. Selective Solid-Liquid Extraction of Lithium Cation Using Tripodal Sulfate-Binding Receptors Driven by Electrostatic Interactions. Molecules 2024; 29:2445. [PMID: 38893321 PMCID: PMC11173669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Owing to the important role of and increasing demand for lithium resources, lithium extraction is crucial. The use of molecular extractants is a promising strategy for selective lithium recovery, in which the interaction between lithium and the designed extractant can be manipulated at the molecular level. Herein, we demonstrate that anion receptors of tripodal hexaureas can selectively extract Li2SO4 solids into water containing DMSO (0.8% water) compared to other alkali metal sulfates. The hexaurea receptor with terminal hexyl chains displays the best Li+ extraction selectivity at 2-fold over Na+ and 12.5-fold over K+. The driving force underpinning selective lithium extraction is due to the combined interactions of Li+-SO42- electrostatics and the ion-dipole interaction of the lithium-receptor (carbonyl groups and N atoms); the latter was found to be cation size dependent, as supported by computational calculations. This work indicates that anion binding receptors could drive selective cation extraction, thus providing new insights into the design of receptors for ion recognition and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ying-Chun He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Li Yan
- Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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2
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Arora N, Debnath T, Senarathna MC, Johnson RM, Roske IG, Cisneros GA, Smaldone RA. Rapid, high-capacity adsorption of iodine from aqueous environments with amide functionalized covalent organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3571-3577. [PMID: 38455001 PMCID: PMC10915846 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06004g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The uses and production of radionuclides in nuclear energy production and medical therapy are becoming more significant in today's world. While these applications have many benefits, they can produce harmful pollutants, such as radioactive iodine, that need to be sequestered. Effective capture and storage of radioactive iodine waste remains a major challenge for nuclear energy generation and nuclear medicine. Here we report the highly efficient capture of iodine in a series of mesoporous, two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks, called COFamides, which contain amide sidechains in their pores. COFamides are capable of rapidly removing iodine from aqueous solution at concentrations as low as 50 ppm, with total capacities greater than 650 wt%. In order to explain the high affinity of the COFamide series for iodine and iodide species in water, we performed a computational analysis of the interactions between the COFamide framework and iodine guests. These studies suggest that the origin of the large iodine capacity in these materials can be explained by the presence of multiple, cooperative, non-covalent interactions between the framework and both iodine, and iodide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati Arora
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Tanay Debnath
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Milinda C Senarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Rebecca M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Isabella G Roske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - G Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Ronald A Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Dallas 800 W. Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
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3
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Han W, Tian H, Qiang T, Wang H, Wang P. Fluorescence color change of supramolecular polymer networks controlled by crown ether-cation recognition. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303569. [PMID: 38066712 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
We report a fluorescent supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs) system based on crown ether-cation recognition. The polymer side chains bear ammonium cations, which can be recognized by host molecules with a B15C5 unit and a quinoline group at each end. The quinoline group makes the host molecule exhibit blue fluorescence. After the formation of SPNs, the recognition of the crown ether-cation transforms the blue fluorescence into yellow fluorescence. The accompanying fluorescence color change during the formation of SPNs makes it with potential applications in the fields of display, printing, information storage, and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Green Low-carbon Energy Materials and Processes, Xi'an Shiyou University, No.18, East Dianzi 2nd Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Hailan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Green Low-carbon Energy Materials and Processes, Xi'an Shiyou University, No.18, East Dianzi 2nd Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710065, China
| | - Taotao Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712, United States
| | - Pi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P.R. China
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4
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Mason KS, Huang SY, Emslie SK, Zhang Q, Humphrey SM, Sessler JL, Page ZA. 3D-Printed Porous Supramolecular Sorbents for Cobalt Recycling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4078-4086. [PMID: 38300153 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Electronic waste recycling is a recognized global challenge that requires new strategies to bind and release critical materials selectively, such as cobalt present in lithium-ion batteries. To address this challenge, hierarchical 3D-printed porous polymer scaffolds bearing supramolecular receptors were prepared using vat photopolymerization and their cobalt binding profiles were examined as a function of matrix polarity. By combining high-resolution digital light processing (DLP) with polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS), functional acrylic copolymer networks with micrometer-level precision of geometry and nanometer-level pores were generated. Covalent integration of a methacrylate-functionalized bisdicyclohexyl acetamide (BDCA-MA) receptor enabled binding and release of cobalt(II) chloride (CoCl2) via a solvent polarity switch mechanism involving a change in solvent from ethanol to water. The present structures proved reusable as shown by sustained high binding efficiency over five bind and release cycles. This platform represents a "green" and energy conscious method for future electronic waste recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keldy S Mason
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sheng-Yin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Samuel K Emslie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Simon M Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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5
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Wu X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Guan Q, Tang X, Wu H, Feng M, Wang H, Ou R. Sustainable lithium extraction enabled by responsive metal-organic frameworks with ion-sieving adsorption effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309852121. [PMID: 38306476 PMCID: PMC10861930 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309852121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are superior ion adsorbents for selectively capturing toxic ions from water. Nevertheless, they have rarely been reported to have lithium selectivity over divalent cations due to the well-known flexibility of MOF framework and the similar physiochemical properties of Li+ and Mg2+. Herein, we report an ion-sieving adsorption approach to design sunlight-regenerable lithium adsorbents by subnanoporous MOFs for efficient lithium extraction. By integrating the ion-sieving agent of MOFs with light-responsive adsorption sites of polyspiropyran (PSP), the ion-sieving adsorption behaviors of PSP-MOFs with 6.0, 8.5, and 10.0 Å windows are inversely proportional to their pore size. The synthesized PSP-UiO-66 with a narrowest window size of 6.0 Å shows high LiCl adsorption capacity up to 10.17 mmol g-1 and good Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of 5.8 to 29 in synthetic brines with Mg/Li ratio of 1 to 0.1. It could be quickly regenerated by sunlight irradiation in 6 min with excellent cycling performance of 99% after five cycles. This work sheds light on designing selective adsorbents using responsive subnanoporous materials for environmentally friendly and energy-efficient ion separation and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Ecological Engineering for Environmental Sustainability, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen361104, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Ecological Engineering for Environmental Sustainability, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen361104, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Guan
- Ecological Engineering for Environmental Sustainability, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen361104, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocong Tang
- Ecological Engineering for Environmental Sustainability, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen361104, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- Ecological Engineering for Environmental Sustainability, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen361104, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC3800, Australia
| | - Ranwen Ou
- Ecological Engineering for Environmental Sustainability, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen361104, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Foo ZH, Thomas JB, Heath SM, Garcia JA, Lienhard JH. Sustainable Lithium Recovery from Hypersaline Salt-Lakes by Selective Electrodialysis: Transport and Thermodynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14747-14759. [PMID: 37721998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Evaporative technology for lithium mining from salt-lakes exacerbates freshwater scarcity and wetland destruction, and suffers from protracted production cycles. Electrodialysis (ED) offers an environmentally benign alternative for continuous lithium extraction and is amenable to renewable energy usage. Salt-lake brines, however, are hypersaline multicomponent mixtures, and the impact of the complex brine-membrane interactions remains poorly understood. Here, we quantify the influence of the solution composition, salinity, and acidity on the counterion selectivity and thermodynamic efficiency of electrodialysis, leveraging 1250 original measurements with salt-lake brines that span four feed salinities, three pH levels, and five current densities. Our experiments reveal that commonly used binary cation solutions, which neglect Na+ and K+ transport, may overestimate the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity by 250% and underpredict the specific energy consumption (SEC) by a factor of 54.8. As a result of the hypersaline conditions, exposure to salt-lake brine weakens the efficacy of Donnan exclusion, amplifying Mg2+ leakage. Higher current densities enhance the Donnan potential across the solution-membrane interface and ameliorate the selectivity degradation with hypersaline brines. However, a steep trade-off between counterion selectivity and thermodynamic efficiency governs ED's performance: a 6.25 times enhancement in Li+/Mg2+ selectivity is accompanied by a 71.6% increase in the SEC. Lastly, our analysis suggests that an industrial-scale ED module can meet existing salt-lake production capacities, while being powered by a photovoltaic farm that utilizes <1% of the salt-flat area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hao Foo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John B Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Samuel M Heath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason A Garcia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John H Lienhard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Yang L, Tu Y, Li H, Zhan W, Hu H, Wei Y, Chen C, Liu K, Shao P, Li M, Yang G, Luo X. Fluorine-Rich Supramolecular Nano-Container Crosslinked Hydrogel for Lithium Extraction with Super-High Capacity and Extreme Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308702. [PMID: 37471502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Extraction and recovery of lithium from reserves play a critical role in the sustainable development of energy due to the explosive growth of the lithium-battery market. However, the low efficiency of extraction and recovery seriously threatens the sustainability of lithium supply. In this contribution, we fabricate a novel mechanically robust fluorine-rich hydrogel, showing highly efficient Li+ extraction from Li-containing solutions. The hydrogel was facilely fabricated by simple one-pot polymerization of supramolecular nanosheets of fluorinated monomers, acrylic acid and a small amount of chemical crosslinkers. The hydrogel exhibits a remarkable lithium adsorption capacity (Qm Li+ =122.3 mg g-1 ) and can be reused. Moreover, it can exclusively extract lithium ions from multiple co-existing metal ions. Notably, the separation of Li+ /Na+ in actual wastewater is achieved with a surprising separation factor of 153.72. The detailed characterizations as well as calculation showed that the specific coordination of Li-F plays a central role for both of the striking recovery capability and selectivity for Li+ . Furthermore, an artificial device was constructed, displaying high efficiency of extracting lithium in various complex actual lithium-containing wastewater. This work provides a new and promising avenue for the efficient extraction and recovery of lithium resource from complex lithium-containing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yunyun Tu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Wanli Zhan
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Huiqin Hu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yun Wei
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Changli Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Ketao Liu
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Penghui Shao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
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8
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Pamuła M, Bulatov E, Martínez-Crespo L, Kiesilä A, Naulapää J, Kalenius E, Helttunen K. Anion binding and transport with meso-alkyl substituted two-armed calix[4]pyrroles bearing urea and hydroxyl groups. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6595-6603. [PMID: 37530577 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Calix[4]pyrroles bearing hydroxyl (1) or urea (3) groups attached to the meso-positions with propyl linkers were synthesized as cis- and trans-isomers. The anion binding properties of cis-1 and cis-3 were screened with ion-mobility mass spectrometry, where cis-1 formed complexes with Cl-, Br- and H2PO4-, whereas cis-3 formed complexes with most of the investigated anions, including Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, ClO4-, OTf-, SCN- and PF6-. The structures of the chloride complexes were further elucidated with density functional theory calculations and a crystal structure obtained for cis-1. In solution, chloride and dihydrogenphosphate anion binding with cis-1 and cis-3 were compared using 1H NMR titrations. To assess the suitability of two-armed calix[4]pyrroles as anion transporters, chloride transport studies of cis-1, cis-3 and trans-3 were performed using large unilamellar vesicles. The results revealed that cis-3 had the highest activity among the investigated calix[4]pyrroles, which was related to the improved affinity and isolation of chloride inside the binding cavity of cis-3 in comparison to cis-1. The results indicate that appending calix[4]pyrroles with two hydrogen bonding arms is a feasible strategy to obtain anion transporters and receptors with high anion affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pamuła
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Evgeny Bulatov
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Luis Martínez-Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Cra. Valldemossa Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Anniina Kiesilä
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Julia Naulapää
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Elina Kalenius
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Kaisa Helttunen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland.
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9
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Foo ZH, Rehman D, Bouma AT, Monsalvo S, Lienhard JH. Lithium Concentration from Salt-Lake Brine by Donnan-Enhanced Nanofiltration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6320-6330. [PMID: 37027336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Membranes offer a scalable and cost-effective approach to ion separations for lithium recovery. In the case of salt-lake brines, however, the high feed salinity and low pH of the post-treated feed have an uncertain impact on nanofiltration's selectivity. Here, we adopt experimental and computational approaches to analyze the effect of pH and feed salinity and elucidate key selectivity mechanisms. Our data set comprises over 750 original ion rejection measurements, spanning five salinities and two pH levels, collected using brine solutions that model three salt-lake compositions. Our results demonstrate that the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of polyamide membranes can be enhanced by 13 times with acid-pretreated feed solutions. This selectivity enhancement is attributed to the amplified Donnan potential from the ionization of carboxyl and amino moieties under low solution pH. As feed salinities increase from 10 to 250 g L-1, the Li+/Mg2+ selectivity decreases by ∼43%, a consequence of weakening exclusion mechanisms. Further, our analysis accentuates the importance of measuring separation factors using representative solution compositions to replicate the ion-transport behaviors with salt-lake brine. Consequently, our results reveal that predictions of ion rejection and Li+/Mg2+ separation factors can be improved by up to 80% when feed solutions with the appropriate Cl-/SO42- molar ratios are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hao Foo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Danyal Rehman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center for Computational Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew T Bouma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sebastian Monsalvo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John H Lienhard
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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Zhang J, Tanjedrew N, Wenzel M, Royla P, Du H, Kiatisevi S, Lindoy LF, Weigand JJ. Selective Separation of Lithium, Magnesium and Calcium using 4-Phosphoryl Pyrazolones as pH-Regulated Receptors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216011. [PMID: 36625760 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring continuous and sustainable lithium supply requires the development of highly efficient separation processes such as LLE (liquid-liquid extraction) for both primary sources and certain waste streams. In this work, 4-phosphoryl pyrazolones are used in an efficient pH-controlled stepwise separation of Li+ from Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Na+ and K+ . The factors affecting LLE process, such as the substitution pattern of the extractant, diluent/water distribution, co-ligand, pH, and speciation of the metal complexes involved, were systematically investigated. The maximum extraction efficiency of Li+ at pH 6.0 was 94 % when Mg2+ and Ca2+ were previously separated at pH<5.0, proving that the separation of these ions is possible by simply modulating the pH of the aqueous phase. Our study points a way to separation of lithium from acid brine or from spent lithium ion battery leaching solutions, which supports the future supply of lithium in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Narisara Tanjedrew
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Marco Wenzel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Royla
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hao Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Supavadee Kiatisevi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Leonard F Lindoy
- School of Chemistry, F11, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2006, Australia
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Wang H, Jones LO, Zhao T, Hwang I, Lynch VM, Khashab NM, Schatz GC, Page ZA, Sessler JL. Fluorescent copolymer aggregate sensor for lithium chloride. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4120-4125. [PMID: 37063794 PMCID: PMC10094405 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a copolymeric lithium chloride selective fluorescent sensor. No fluorescence change is seen upon the addition of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, or CaCl2, while a fluorescence decrease is seen upon the addition of LiCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208-3113 USA
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Inhong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208-3113 USA
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin Texas 78712 USA
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12
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Helttunen K. Anion Responsive Molecular Switch Based on a Doubly‐Strapped Calix[4]pyrrole. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Helttunen
- University of Jyväskylä Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center P.O.Box 35 FI-40013 University of Jyvaskyla FINLAND
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13
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Tris(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amine‐Based Ion Pair Receptors for Selective Lithium Salt Recognition. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Kim SH, Yeon Y, Lee A, Lynch VM, He Q, Sessler JL, Kim SK. Tetraamidoindolyl calix[4]arene as a selective ion pair receptor for LiCl. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01519f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A calix[4]arene (1) functionalized with amidoindole groups on the upper rim and with propyl groups on the lower rim extracts LiCl and LiBr selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Yerim Yeon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Areum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
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15
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Rather IA, Ali R, Ali A. Recent developments in calix[4]pyrrole (C4P)-based supramolecular functional systems. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01298g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances with calix[4]pyrrole-based supramolecular functional entities in the fields of molecular recognition (receptors, sensors, and metal ion caged systems), self-assembly (polymers), photo/pH-responsive molecular switches and catalysis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmad Rather
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Ayaaz Ali
- Organic and Supramolecular Functional Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025, India
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