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Lortie JL, Davies M, Boyle PD, Karttunen M, Ragogna PJ. Chemoselective Staudinger Reactivity of Bis(azido)phosphines Supported with a π-Donating Imidazolin-2-iminato Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6335-6345. [PMID: 38516707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of new P(III) and P(V) bis(azido)phosphines/phosphoranes supported by an N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazolin-2-iminato (IPrN) ligand and their reactivity with various secondary and tertiary phosphines result in the formation of chiral and/or asymmetric mono(phosphinimino)azidophosphines via the Staudinger reaction. The reaction of IPrNP(N3)2 (2) or IPrNP(S)(N3)2 (4S) with an excess of tertiary phosphine resulted in the chemoselective formation of IPrNP(N3)(NPMe3) (7) or IPrNP(S)N3(NPR3) (5R), respectively. The chemoselective Staudinger reactivity was also observed in reactions using a secondary phosphine (HPCy2) to produce IPrNP(S)N3[NP(H)Cy2] (6a), which exists in equilibrium with a tautomeric IPrNP(S)N3[N(H)PCy2] form (6b), as confirmed by 31P-31P nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations point to a combination of energetically unfavorable lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) and the accumulation of increasing negative charge at the terminal azido-nitrogen upon a single azide-to-phosphinimine conversion that gave rise to the observed chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Lortie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Matthew Davies
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Paul D Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mikko Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Surface Science Western, London, Ontario N6G 0J3, Canada
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Zhu L, Kinjo R. Reactions of main group compounds with azides forming organic nitrogen-containing species. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5563-5606. [PMID: 37519098 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00290j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the seminal discovery of phenyl azide by Grieß in 1864, a variety of organic azides (R-N3) have been developed and extensively studied. The amenability of azides to a number of reactions has expanded their utility as building blocks not only in organic synthesis but also in bioorthogonal chemistry and materials science. Over the decades, it has been demonstrated that the reactions of main group compounds with azides lead to diverse N-containing main group molecules. In view of the pronounced progress in this area, this review summarizes the reactions of main group compounds with azides, emphatically introducing their reaction patterns and mechanisms. The reactions of forming inorganic nitrogen species are not included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhao Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Rei Kinjo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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Lu B, Shao X, Jiang X, Wang L, Xue J, Rauhut G, Tan G, Fang W, Zeng X. Diazophosphane HPN 2. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21853-21857. [PMID: 36445205 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Diazophosphane HPN2, a heavy analogue of hydrazoic acid (HN3), has been synthesized at low temperature (10 K) through photolytic reactions of molecular nitrogen (N2) with phosphine (PH3) and phosphaketene (HPCO) under irradiations at 193 and 365 nm, respectively. The characterization of HPN2 and its isotopologues DPN2 and HP15N2 by matrix-isolation IR and UV-vis spectroscopy is supported by quantum chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-F12 level of theory. Upon irradiation at 266 nm, the P-N bond in HPN2 breaks, whereas its photolysis at 193 nm generates the elusive phosphinyl radical •PN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junfei Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gengwen Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Xin T, Geeson MB, Zhu H, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Cummins CC. Synthesis of phosphiranes via organoiron-catalyzed phosphinidene transfer to electron-deficient olefins. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12696-12702. [PMID: 36519032 PMCID: PMC9645374 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05011k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein is reported the structural characterization and scalable preparation of the elusive iron-phosphido complex FpP( t Bu)(F) (2-F, Fp = (Fe(η5-C5H5)(CO)2)) and its precursor FpP( t Bu)(Cl) (2-Cl) in 51% and 71% yields, respectively. These phosphide complexes are proposed to be relevant to an organoiron catalytic cycle for phosphinidene transfer to electron-deficient alkenes. Examination of their properties led to the discovery of a more efficient catalytic system involving the simple, commercially available organoiron catalyst Fp2. This improved catalysis also enabled the preparation of new phosphiranes with high yields ( t BuPCH2CHR; R = CO2Me, 41%; R = CN, 83%; R = 4-biphenyl, 73%; R = SO2Ph, 71%; R = POPh2, 70%; R = 4-pyridyl, 82%; R = 2-pyridyl, 67%; R = PPh3 +, 64%) and good diastereoselectivity, demonstrating the feasibility of the phosphinidene group-transfer strategy in synthetic chemistry. Experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the original catalysis involves 2-X as the nucleophile, while for the new Fp2-catalyzed reaction they implicate a diiron-phosphido complex Fp2(P t Bu), 4, as the nucleophile which attacks the electron-deficient olefin in the key first P-C bond-forming step. In both systems, the initial nucleophilic attack may be accompanied by favorable five-membered ring formation involving a carbonyl ligand, a (reversible) pathway competitive with formation of the three-membered ring found in the phosphirane product. A novel radical mechanism is suggested for the new Fp2-catalyzed system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansi Xin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Michael B Geeson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Wu Z, Zeng X. Curtius-Type Rearrangement of Sulfinyl Azides: A Matrix Isolation and Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4367-4375. [PMID: 35771242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The highly unstable methyl sulfinyl azide, CH3S(O)N3, has been synthesized and characterized for the first time. In the gas phase, CH3S(O)N3 decomposes quickly at room temperature (300 K) with an estimated half-life (t1/2) of 7 min. Upon irradiation at 266 nm in cryogenic Ar (10 K) and Ne (3 K) matrices, the azide extrudes molecular nitrogen by yielding the novel sulfinyl nitrene intermediate CH3S(O)N in the closed-shell singlet ground state, which has been characterized with matrix-isolation IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. Prolonged irradiation at 266 nm causes Curtius rearrangement of the nitrene to form N-sulfinylamine CH3NSO and S-nitrosothiol CH3SNO. By high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) at 800 K, CH3S(O)N3 also decomposes and furnishes CH3S(O)N with minor fragmentation products HNSO and CH2 in the gas phase. A similar photo-induced Curtius-type rearrangement of trifluoromethyl sulfinyl azide CF3S(O)N3 to CF3NSO and CF3SNO has also been observed in matrices. According to the theoretical calculations at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-311++G (3df,3pd) level of theory, the rearrangement of CH3S(O)N3 prefers a stepwise pathway by initial formation of the nitrene intermediate CH3S(O)N. In line with the thermal persistence of CH3S(O)N in the gas phase, the barriers for its subsequent rearrangement are higher than 30 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
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Eckhardt AK, Riu MLY, Müller P, Cummins CC. Staudinger Reactivity and Click Chemistry of Anthracene ( A)-Based Azidophosphine N 3P A. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1270-1274. [PMID: 35020379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
11-Azido-9,10-dihydro-9,10-phosphanoanthracene (N3PA) has been demonstrated recently as a transfer reagent for molecular phosphorus mononitride (PN) because it easily dissociates at room temperature into dinitrogen (N2), PN, and anthracene (A). Here we report further reactivity studies of the N3PA molecule including strain-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with cyclooctyne and Staudinger-type reactivity. Calculations at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//PBE0-D3(BJ)/cc-pVTZ level of theory indicate that the click reaction is faster than the dissociation of N3PA. The Staudinger-type reactivity enabled transfer of the NPA fragment to a base-stabilized silylene. The previously reported intermediate of vanadium trisanilide with an NPA ligand could be isolated in 61% yield and structurally characterized in a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. In line with the previously reported phosphinidene reactivity of the transient vanadium phosphorus mononitride complex, thermolysis or irradiation of the complex leads to A elimination and formation of the corresponding vanadium PN dimer or trimer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- André K Eckhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin-Louis Y Riu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Zhu B, Jiang J, Lu B, Li X, Jiang X, Rauhut G, Zeng X. Phosphenic isocyanate (O2PNCO): Gas-phase generation, characterization, and photodecomposition reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10703-10706. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03178g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphenic isocyanate (O2PNCO), a novel phosphorus-containing small molecule has been generated by thermolysis of a dioxaphospholane-based precursor. The characterization of O2PNCO with IR and UV-vis spectroscopy in solid N2 and...
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