1
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Kim HW, Lee JW, Shim SH. Biosynthesis, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships of decalin-containing tetramic acid derivatives isolated from fungi. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38916377 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00013g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to December 2023Decalin-containing tetramic acid derivatives, especially 3-decalinoyltetramic acids (3-DTAs), are commonly found as fungal secondary metabolites. Numerous biological activities of this class of compounds, such as antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal, antiplasmodial, and antiprotozoal properties, have been the subject of ongoing research. For this reason, these molecules have attracted a lot of interest from the scientific community and various efforts including semi-synthesis, co-culturing with bacteria and biosynthetic gene sequencing have been made to obtain more derivatives. In this review, 3-DTAs are classified into four major groups based on the absolute configuration of the bicyclic decalin ring. Their biosynthetic pathways, various biological activities, and structure-activity relationship are then introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Pham KL, Maier ME. Approach to the Core Structure of Signermycin B. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400103. [PMID: 38809061 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the natural tetramic acids with a decalinoyl part, signermycin B is unique because it contains a cis-decalin. In this paper, we demonstrate that the cis-decalin section of signermycin B can be accessed by an anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement. The substrate, a tricyclic dienol was prepared by an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a masked ortho-benzoquinone, generated by oxidation of an α-methoxyphenol in presence of cis-2-hexenol. After a superfluous bromine on the cycloadduct was removed, reaction of the tricyclic ketone with isopropenylmagnesium bromide led to the tricyclic trienol that underwent the oxy-Cope rearrangement to a cis-decalinone. While we could show, that introduction of the 4-ethyl substituent (signermycin B numbering) is possible by enolate alkylation, the 4-epi-isomer was formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Linh Pham
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institut für Organische Chemie, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin E Maier
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institut für Organische Chemie, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Liu DP, Zhang XS, Liu S, Hu XG. Dehydroxylative radical N-glycosylation of heterocycles with 1-hydroxycarbohydrates enabled by copper metallaphotoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3401. [PMID: 38649350 PMCID: PMC11035684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylated heterocycles play important roles in biological systems and drug development. The synthesis of these compounds heavily relies on ionic N-glycosylation, which is usually constrained by factors such as labile glycosyl donors, precious metal catalysts, and stringent conditions. Herein, we report a dehydroxylative radical method for synthesizing N-glycosides by leveraging copper metallaphotoredox catalysis, in which stable and readily available 1-hydroxy carbohydrates are activated for direct N-glycosylation. Our method employs inexpensive photo- and copper- catalysts and can tolerate some extent of water. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope, encompassing 76 examples, and demonstrates high stereoselectivity, favoring 1,2-trans selectivity for furanoses and α-selectivity for pyranoses. It also exhibits high site-selectivity for substrates containing multiple N-atoms. The synthetic utility is showcased through the late-stage functionalization of bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals like Olaparib, Axitinib, and Metaxalone. Mechanistic studies prove the presence of glycosyl radicals and the importance of copper metallaphotoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiao-Sen Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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4
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Zhang Z, Wu R, Cao S, Li J, Huang G, Wang H, Yang T, Tang W, Xu P, Yu B. Merging total synthesis and NMR technology for deciphering the realistic structure of natural 2,6-dideoxyglycosides. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn1305. [PMID: 38608021 PMCID: PMC11014444 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The structural identification and efficient synthesis of bioactive 2,6-dideoxyglycosides are daunting challenges. Here, we report the total synthesis and structural revision of a series of 2,6-dideoxyglycosides from folk medicinal plants Ecdysanthera rosea and Chonemorpha megacalyx, which feature pregnane steroidal aglycones bearing an 18,20-lactone and glycans consisting of 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-β-pyranose residues, including ecdysosides A, B, and F and ecdysantheroside A. All the eight possible 2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl-β-pyranoside stereoisomers (of the proposed ecdysantheroside A) have been synthesized that testify the effective gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation methods for the synthesis of various 2-deoxy-β-pyranosidic linkages and lays a foundation via nuclear magnetic resonance data mapping to identify these sugar units which occur promiscuously in the present and other natural glycosides. Moreover, some synthetic natural compounds and their isomers have shown promising anticancer, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Zika virus activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shen Cao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jiaji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangen Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Tang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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5
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Lin B, Liu T, Luo T. Gold-catalyzed cyclization and cycloaddition in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38456472 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Covering: 2016 to mid 2023Transition metal catalysis, known for its remarkable capacity to expedite the assembly of molecular complexity from readily available starting materials in a single operation, occupies a central position in contemporary chemical synthesis. Within this landscape, gold-catalyzed reactions present a novel and versatile paradigm, offering robust frameworks for accessing diverse structural motifs. In this review, we highlighted a curated selection of publications in the past 8 years, focusing on the deployment of homogeneous gold catalysis in the ring-forming step for the total synthesis of natural products. These investigations are categorized based on the specific ring formations they engender, accentuating the prevailing gold-catalyzed methodologies applied to surmount intricate challenges in natural products synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tianran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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6
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Meguro Y, Enomoto M, Kuwahara S. Synthesis of the
N
‐Amykitanosyl Tetramic Acid Moiety of Amycolamicin. European J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Meguro
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572 Japan
| | - Masaru Enomoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572 Japan
| | - Shigefumi Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572 Japan
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7
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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8
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He C, Wang Y, Bi C, Peters DS, Gallagher TJ, Teske J, Chen JS, Corsetti R, D'Onofrio A, Lewis K, Baran PS. Total Synthesis of Kibdelomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206183. [PMID: 35704446 PMCID: PMC9357209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A modular total synthesis of kibdelomycin is disclosed that should enable structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies of this interesting class of antibiotics. The route uses simple building blocks and addresses lingering questions about its structural assignment and relationship to amycolamicin, a recently described natural product reported to have a similar structure. Initial antibacterial assays reveal that both C‐22 epimers (the N‐glycosidic linkage) of the natural product have similar activity while structurally truncated analogs lose activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi He
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550N. Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92122 USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550N. Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92122 USA
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550N. Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92122 USA
| | - David S. Peters
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550N. Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92122 USA
| | - Timothy J. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550N. Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92122 USA
| | - Johannes Teske
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550N. Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92122 USA
| | - Jason S. Chen
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550N. Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92122 USA
| | - Rachel Corsetti
- Department of Biology Northeastern University 360 Huntington Avenue Boston Ma 02115 USA
| | - Anthony D'Onofrio
- Department of Biology Northeastern University 360 Huntington Avenue Boston Ma 02115 USA
| | - Kim Lewis
- Department of Biology Northeastern University 360 Huntington Avenue Boston Ma 02115 USA
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry Scripps Research 10550N. Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92122 USA
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9
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Frossard TM, Trapp N, Altmann KH. Studies Towards the Total Synthesis of Amycolamicin: A Chiral Auxiliary‐Based Diels‐Alder Approach towards the Decalin Core. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Frossard
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Nils Trapp
- ETH Zürich: Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Chemistry and Applied Biosciences SWITZERLAND
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zurich Deptm. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1- 5/10 8093 Zurich SWITZERLAND
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10
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He C, Wang Y, Bi C, Peters DS, Gallagher TJ, Teske J, Chen JS, Corsetti R, D'Onofrio A, Lewis K, Baran PS. Total Synthesis of Kibdelomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi He
- The Scripps Research Institute chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Yu Wang
- The Scripps Research Institute chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Cheng Bi
- The Scripps Research Institute chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | | | - Jason S. Chen
- The Scripps Research Institute chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Kim Lewis
- Northeastern University chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Phil S. Baran
- The Scripps Research Institute Department of Chemistry 10550 North Torrey pines RoadBCC-169 92037 La Jolla UNITED STATES
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11
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Aher RD, Ishikawa A, Yamanaka M, Tanaka F. Catalytic Enantioselective Construction of Decalin Derivatives by Dynamic Kinetic Desymmetrization of C2-Symmetric Derivatives through Aldol-Aldol Annulation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8151-8157. [PMID: 35666096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed and investigated a catalytic desymmetrization reaction strategy that affords functionalized decalin derivatives with high enantioselectivities from C2-symmetric derivatives through aldol-aldol annulation. We identified the structural moieties of the catalyst necessary for the formation of the decalin derivative with high enantioselectivity. We elucidated the mechanisms of the catalyzed reactions: the first aldol reaction step was reversible, and the second aldol step was rate-limiting and stereochemistry-determining and was enantioselective. Using theoretical calculations guided by the experimental results, we identified the interactions between the catalyst and the transition state that led to the major enantiomer. The information obtained in this study will be useful for the development of catalysts and chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra D Aher
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nish-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nish-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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12
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Synthesis of amykitanose, an O-carbamoyl sugar component of the antibiotic amycolamicin. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Chen L, Liang W. Phase-transfer catalyzed Michael/ammonolysis cascade reactions of enaminones and olefinic azlactones: a new approach to structurally diverse quinoline-2,5-diones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3201-3210. [PMID: 35352072 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00096b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Michael/ammonolysis cascade reactions between cyclohexane-1,3-dione-derived enaminones and olefinic azlactones via phase-transfer catalysis have been developed. This method provides rapid access to a suite of architecturally complex and diverse quinoline-2,5-diones bearing a secondary amide group at the C-3 position in moderate to excellent yields (53-94%) and with excellent diastereoselectivities (>99 : 1 dr in most cases). The achievement of a preparative-scale reaction and the diverse product derivatization that can be obtained highlight the application potential of this protocol both in academic and industrial settings. An investigation of the reaction mechanism implies that tetrabutylammonium hydroxide may be the actual catalyst during this cascade reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, P. R. of China.
| | - Wei Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, P. R. of China.
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14
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Meguro Y, Ito J, Nakagawa K, Kuwahara S. Total Synthesis of the Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Amycolamicin. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5253-5257. [PMID: 35297637 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the antibiotic amycolamicin with a hybrid molecular architecture composed of five ring systems, which exhibits potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of drug-resistant bacteria, has been achieved in a convergent manner. A protecting-group-free intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a hydroxy tetraenal intermediate promoted by two equivalents of Et2AlCl, which proceeds highly diastereoselectively via an endo-equatorial transition state, has been utilized to construct the trans-decalin moiety of the molecule. The full structure of amycolamicin was assembled by a completely stereoconvergent N-acylation of a northern N-glycoside unit (α-anomer/β-anomer = 1:1.1) with a southern β-keto thioester segment followed by installation of the central tetramic acid moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Meguro
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Junya Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
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