1
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Wang H, Xun SS, Yu CB, Zhou YG. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of lactones under base-free conditions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11038-11042. [PMID: 39027297 PMCID: PMC11253110 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01890g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation of esters through homogeneous catalysis is a significantly important transformation in organic synthesis. The systems developed so far mainly focused on chiral iridium and ruthenium catalysts, which required a base to facilitate the activity. Herein, we present a palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of lactones under base-free conditions through dynamic kinetic resolution and kinetic resolution. The reaction exhibits high enantioselectivity and excellent functional group tolerance. Remarkably, the hydrogenation proceeds smoothly at the gram scale, and the products can be transformed into several chiral potential building blocks without loss of optical purity. This work provides a new strategy for asymmetric hydrogenation of esters under base-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116033 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Chang-Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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2
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Li Z, Fan L, Liu G. Recent advances in stereoselective construction of fluorinated quaternary carbon centers from fluorinated compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4592-4612. [PMID: 38771632 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00457d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
There are many fluorinated quaternary carbon structural units in pharmaceuticals and bioactive compounds. Organic chemists are interested in the stereoselective synthesis of fluorinated quaternary carbon structural units. Constructing a fluorinated quaternary carbon stereocenter can be achieved directly and efficiently by the asymmetric catalytic reaction of fluorinated compounds as substrates. This approach aims to construct fluorinated quaternary carbon stereocenters while diversifying the types of fluorinated compounds. This review introduces a series of reactions for synthesizing fluorinated quaternary carbon chiral centers through asymmetric organic catalysis and transition metal catalysis, including alkylation, arylation, Mannich, Michael addition, and allylation reactions. This work will contribute to the development of the synthesis of fluorinated quaternary carbon chiral center-containing compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot 010030, China.
| | - Lin Fan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot 010030, China.
| | - Guodu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot 010030, China.
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3
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Du SS, Zhai YH, Zhang C, Wang MC, Jia SK, Mei GJ, Hua YZ. Dinuclear Zinc-Catalyzed Asymmetric Desymmetrization of Cyclopentendiones: Access to Functional Cyclopentanediones Bearing an All-carbon Quaternary Stereocenter. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300591. [PMID: 37524655 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The success in the identification of the two enantioisomeric surfaces of electrophiles by dinuclear zinc catalysts is disclosed. This protocol realizes a dinuclear zinc-cocatalyzed desymmetrization of cyclopentendiones using α-hydroxy aryl ketones as nucleophiles through Michael addition reaction. Under mild conditions, a series of functional cyclopentanediones bearing multiple stereogenic centers including an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter, were obtained in moderate to good yields with excellent stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Du
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Road, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Road, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Road, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Min-Can Wang
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Road, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Kun Jia
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Road, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Jian Mei
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Road, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhao Hua
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Science Road, Zhengzhou City Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China
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4
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Yan M, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhou J. Potential of nonporous adaptive crystals for hydrocarbon separation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6075-6119. [PMID: 37539712 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00856d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon separation is an important process in the field of petrochemical industry, which provides a variety of raw materials for industrial production and a strong support for the development of national economy. However, traditional separation processes involve huge energy consumption. Adsorptive separation based on nonporous adaptive crystal (NAC) materials is considered as an attractive green alternative to traditional energy-intensive separation technologies due to its advantages of low energy consumption, high chemical and thermal stability, excellent selective adsorption and separation performance, and outstanding recyclability. Considering the exceptional potential of NAC materials for hydrocarbon separation, this review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in various supramolecular host-based NACs. Moreover, the current challenges and future directions are illustrated in detail. It is expected that this review will provide useful and timely references for researchers in this area. Based on a large number of state-of-the-art studies, the review will definitely advance the development of NAC materials for hydrocarbon separation and stimulate more interesting studies in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China.
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China.
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China.
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5
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Wei J, Gandon V, Zhu Y. Amino Acid-Derived Ionic Chiral Catalysts Enable Desymmetrizing Cross-Coupling to Remote Acyclic Quaternary Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16796-16811. [PMID: 37471696 PMCID: PMC10401725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic application of asymmetric catalysis relies on strategic alignment of bond construction to creation of chirality of a target molecule. Remote desymmetrization offers distinctive advantages of spatial decoupling of catalytic transformation and generation of a stereogenic element. However, such spatial separation presents substantial difficulties for the chiral catalyst to discriminate distant enantiotopic sites through a reaction three or more bonds away from a prochirality center. Here, we report a strategy that establishes acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters through cross-coupling reactions at distal positions of aryl substituents. The new class of amino acid-derived ionic chiral catalysts enables desymmetrizing (enantiotopic-group-selective) Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, Sonogashira reaction, and Buchwald-Hartwig amination between diverse diarylmethane scaffolds and aryl, alkynyl, and amino coupling partners, providing rapid access to enantioenriched molecules that project substituents to widely spaced positions in the three-dimensional space. Experimental and computational investigations reveal electrostatic steering of substrates by the C-terminus of chiral ligands through ionic interactions. Cooperative ion-dipole interactions between the catalyst's amide group and potassium cation aid in the preorganization that transmits asymmetry to the product. This study demonstrates that it is practical to achieve precise long-range stereocontrol through engineering the spatial arrangements of the ionic catalysts' substrate-recognizing groups and metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Paris-Saclay University, bâtiment Hesnri Moissan, 17 avenue des sciences, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Chen ZY, Yang MW, Wang ZL, Xu YH. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetric Protosilylation of Prochiral Diynes: Access to Optically Functionalized Tertiary Alcohols. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37418590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In this protocol, a copper-catalyzed desymmetric protosilylation of prochiral diynes was developed. The corresponding products were obtained in moderate to high yields and enantiomeric ratios. This approach provides a simple method for synthesizing functionalized chiral tertiary alcohols in the presence of a chiral pyridine-bisimidazoline (Pybim) ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Wei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Lu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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7
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Fu W, Neris NM, Fu Y, Zhao Y, Krohn-Hansen B, Liu P, Yang Y. Enzyme-controlled stereoselective radical cyclization to arenes enabled by metalloredox biocatalysis. Nat Catal 2023; 6:628-636. [PMID: 38404758 PMCID: PMC10882986 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-023-00986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The effective induction of high levels of stereocontrol for free radical-mediated transformations represents a notorious challenge in asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we describe a novel metalloredox biocatalysis strategy to repurpose natural cytochromes P450 to catalyse asymmetric radical cyclisation to arenes through an unnatural electron transfer mechanism. Empowered by directed evolution, engineered P450s allowed diverse radical cyclisation selectivities to be accomplished in a catalyst-controlled fashion: P450arc1 and P450arc2 facilitated enantioconvergent transformations of racemic substrates, giving rise to either enantiomer of the product with excellent total turnover numbers (up to 12,000). In addition to these enantioconvergent variants, another engineered radical cyclase, P450arc3, permitted efficient kinetic resolution of racemic chloride substrates (S factor = 18). Furthermore, computational studies revealed a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism for the radical-polar crossover step, suggesting the potential role of the haem carboxylate as a base catalyst. Collectively, the excellent tunability of this metalloenzyme family provides an exciting platform for harnessing free radical intermediates for asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Natalia M. Neris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Benjamin Krohn-Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BMSE) Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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8
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Wang X, Chen X, Qi L, Ma X, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Zhu W. Halogenation of Unsaturated Amides: Synthesis of Halogenated (Spiro)Oxazolines. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- College of Life Sciences China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Liang Qi
- College of Life Sciences China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Xingyu Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Xianxing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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9
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Ochmann L, Fuhrmann M, Gössl FJ, Makaveev A, Schreiner PR. All That metas─Synthesis of Dispersion Energy Donor-Substituted Benzenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:6968-6972. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ochmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Fuhrmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix J. Gössl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Makaveev
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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10
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Xu P, Shen C, Xu A, Low K, Huang Z. Desymmetric Cyanosilylation of Acyclic 1,3‐Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208443. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Chang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Aiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Kam‐Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Zhongxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry Department of Chemistry University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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11
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Liu H, Lau VHM, Xu P, Chan TH, Huang Z. Diverse synthesis of α-tertiary amines and tertiary alcohols via desymmetric reduction of malonic esters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4759. [PMID: 35963867 PMCID: PMC9376102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amines and alcohols with a fully substituted α-carbon are structures of great value in organic synthesis and drug discovery. While conventional methods towards these motifs often rely on enantioselective carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bond formation reactions, a desymmetric method is developed here by selectively hydrosilylating one of the esters of easily accessible α-substituted α-amino- and -oxymalonic esters. The desymmetrization is enabled by a suite of dinuclear zinc catalysts with pipecolinol-derived tetradentate ligands and can accommodate a diverse panel of heteroatom substituents, including secondary amides, tertiary amines, and ethers of different sizes. The polyfunctionalized reduction products, in return, have provided expeditious approaches to enantioenriched nitrogen- and oxygen-containing molecules, including dipeptides, vitamin analogs, and natural metabolites. Chiral α-tertiary amines and tertiary alcohols are prevalent in bioactive molecules yet challenging targets to access. Here, the authors provide a dinuclear zinc-catalyzed desymmetric approach based on readily available malonic esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Ho Man Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Hin Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Xu P, Shen C, Xu A, Low KH, Huang Z. Desymmetric Cyanosilylation of Acyclic 1,3‐Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Chang Shen
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Aiqing Xu
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- University of Hong Kong Department of Chemistry HONG KONG
| | - Zhongxing Huang
- University of Hong Kong Chemistry RM 608 Chong Yuet Ming Chemistry Building na Hong Kong HONG KONG
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13
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Abstract
Desymmetrization of easily available disubstituted malonic esters is a rewarding strategy to access structurally diverse quaternary stereocenters. Particularly, asymmetric reduction of malonic esters would generate a functional group with a lower oxidation state than the remaining ester, thus allowing for more chemoselective derivatization. Here, we report a new set of conditions for the zinc-catalyzed desymmetric hydrosilylation of malonic esters that afford aldehydes as the major product. Compared with alcohol-selective desymmetrization, the partial reduction uses a higher concentration of silanes and new pipecolinol-derived tetradentate ligands, proposedly to switch the pathway of zinc hemiacetal intermediates from elimination to silylation. As a result, high aldehyde-to-alcohol ratios and enantioselectivity of aldehydes are obtained from malonic esters with a large collection of substituents. Together with the abundant reactivity of aldehydes, the partial reduction has enabled an expeditious synthesis of bioactive compounds and natural metabolites containing a quaternary stereocenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 00000, China
| | - Shihao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 00000, China
| | - Zhongxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 00000, China
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