1
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Lin HY, Yao CY, Li J, Nimal Gunaratne HQ, Singh W, Huang M, Anslyn EV, de Silva AP. Remarkably Selective Binding, Behavior Modification, and Switchable Release of (Bipyridine) 3Ru(II) vis-à-vis (Phenanthroline) 3Ru(II) by Trimeric Cyclophanes in Water. JACS AU 2023; 3:2257-2268. [PMID: 37654579 PMCID: PMC10466343 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A recurring dream of molecular recognition is to create receptors that distinguish between closely related targets with sufficient accuracy, especially in water. The more useful the targets, the more valuable the dream becomes. We now present multianionic trimeric cyclophane receptors with a remarkable ability to bind the iconic (bipyridine)3Ru(II) (with its huge range of applications) while rejecting the nearly equally iconic (phenanthroline)3Ru(II). These receptors not only selectively capture (bipyridine)3Ru(II) but also can be redox-switched to release the guest. 1D- and 2D(ROESY)-NMR spectroscopy, luminescence spectroscopy, and molecular modeling enabled this discovery. This outcome allows the control of these applications, e.g., as a photocatalyst or as a luminescent sensor, by selectively hiding or exposing (bipyridine)3Ru(II). Overall, a 3D nanometric object is selected, picked-up, and dropped-off by a discrete molecular host. The multianionic receptors protect excited states of these metal complexes from phenolate quenchers so that the initial step in photocatalytic phenolate oxidation is retarded by nearly 2 orders of magnitude. This work opens the way for (bipyridine)3Ru(II) to be manipulated in the presence of other functional nano-objects so that many of its applications can be commanded and controlled. We have a cyclophane-based toolkit that can emulate some aspects of proteins that selectively participate in cell signaling and metabolic pathways by changing shape upon environmental commands being received at a location remote from the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Lin
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom
| | - Chao-Yi Yao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central
South University, Yuelu
District, Changsha, Hunan
Province 410006, P.R. China
| | - Jialu Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom
| | - H. Q. Nimal Gunaratne
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom
| | - Warispreet Singh
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom
- Hub
for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Meilan Huang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 100 E 24th Street, Norman Hackerman
Building (Room 114A), Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - A. Prasanna de Silva
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom
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2
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Kumar NM, Gruhs P, Casini A, Biedermann F, Moreno-Alcántar G, Picchetti P. Electrochemical Detection of Drugs via a Supramolecular Cucurbit[7]uril-Based Indicator Displacement Assay. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37339775 PMCID: PMC10391622 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical detection methods are attractive for developing miniaturized, disposable, and portable sensors for molecular diagnostics. In this article, we present a cucurbit[7]uril-based chemosensor with an electrochemical signal readout for the micromolar detection of the muscle relaxant pancuronium bromide in buffer and human urine. This is possible through a competitive binding assay using a chemosensor ensemble consisting of cucurbit[7]uril as the host and an electrochemically active platinum(II) compound as the guest indicator. The electrochemical properties of the indicator are strongly modulated depending on the complexation state, a feature that is exploited to establish a functional chemosensor. Our design avoids cumbersome immobilization approaches on electrode surfaces, which are associated with practical and conceptual drawbacks. Moreover, it can be used with commercially available screen-printed electrodes that require minimal sample volume. The design principle presented here can be applied to other cucurbit[n]uril-based chemosensors, providing an alternative to fluorescence-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Gruhs
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Moreno-Alcántar
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Pierre Picchetti
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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3
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Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang YF, Qiao XJ, Sun LY, Li J, Wang YY, Han YF. Solvato-Controlled Assembly and Structural Transformation of Emissive Poly-NHC-Based Organometallic Cages and Their Applications in Amino Acid Sensing and Fluorescence Imaging. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300209. [PMID: 36762405 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-induced structural transformation of supramolecular cages has drawn increasing attention because of their sensitive feature to external variations as model systems to simulate biological processes. However, combining structural transformation and useful functions has remained a difficult task. This study reports the solvato-controlled self-assembly of two unique topologies with different emission characteristics, a water-soluble Ag8 L4 cage (A) and an Ag4 L2 cage (B), produced from the same sulfonate-pendant tetraphenylethene (TPE) bridged tetrakis-(1,2,4-triazolium) ligand. Both cages show interesting solvent-responsive reversible structural transformation, and the change of fluorescence signals can efficiently track the process. Additionally, water-soluble cage A exhibits unique properties in thermochromism, thiol amino acid sensing, and subcellular imaging in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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4
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Lin HY, Wang YT, Shi X, Yang HB, Xu L. Switchable metallacycles and metallacages. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1129-1154. [PMID: 36722920 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00779g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional metallacycles and three-dimensional metallacages constructed by coordination-driven self-assembly have attracted much attention because they exhibit unique structures and properties and are highly efficient to synthesize. Introduction of switching into supramolecular chemistry systems is a popular strategy, as switching can endow systems with reversible features that are triggered by different stimuli. Through this strategy, novel switchable metallacycles and metallacages were generated, which can be reversibly switched into different stable states with distinct characteristics by external stimuli. Switchable metallacycles and metallacages exhibit versatile structures and reversible properties and are inherently dynamic and respond to artificial signals; thus, these structures have many promising applications in a wide range of fields, such as drug delivery, data processing, pollutant removal, switchable catalysis, smart functional materials, etc. This review focuses on the design of switchable metallacycles and metallacages, their switching behaviours and mechanisms triggered by external stimuli, and the corresponding structural changes and resultant properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Te Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu 241001, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu 241001, P. R. China
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5
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Horiuchi S, Yamaguchi T, Tessarolo J, Tanaka H, Sakuda E, Arikawa Y, Meggers E, Clever GH, Umakoshi K. Symmetry-breaking host-guest assembly in a hydrogen-bonded supramolecular system. Nat Commun 2023; 14:155. [PMID: 36631447 PMCID: PMC9834293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-inspired self-assembly is invaluable to create well-defined giant structures from small molecular units. Owing to a large entropy loss in the self-assembly process, highly symmetric structures are typically obtained as thermodynamic products while formation of low symmetric assemblies is still challenging. In this study, we report the symmetry-breaking self-assembly of a defined C1-symmetric supramolecular structure from an Oh-symmetric hydrogen-bonded resorcin[4]arene capsule and C2-symmetric cationic bis-cyclometalated Ir complexes, carrying sterically demanding tertiary butyl (tBu) groups, on the basis of synergistic effects of weak binding forces. The flexible capsule framework shows a large structural change upon guest binding to form a distorted resorcin[4]arene hexameric capsule, providing an asymmetric cavity. Location of the chiral guest inside the anisotropic environment leads to modulation of its Electric Dipole (ED) and Magnetic Dipole (MD) transition moments in the excited state, causing an increased emission quantum yield, longer emission lifetime, and enhancement of the dissymmetry factor (glum) in the circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany. .,Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Takumi Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, 923-1292, Japan
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hirotaka Tanaka
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yasuhiro Arikawa
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Eric Meggers
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
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6
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Yao C, de Silva AP. A Tool, an App and a Field: Fluorescent PET Sensors, Blood Electrolyte Analysis and Molecular Logic as Products of Supramolecular Photoscience from Northern Ireland and Sri Lanka. Chempluschem 2022; 88:e202200362. [PMID: 36456470 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The general tool of fluorescent PET (photoinduced electron transfer) sensors/switches - a molecular design principle with engineering features - is outlined, with the aid of frontier orbital energy diagrams. Fluorophores such as anthracene, 1,3-diaryl-Δ2 -pyrazolines and 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimides are employed within this system, alongside receptors such as amines, carboxylates, crown ethers and amino acids. This tool appealed to a multinational corporation for building a medical analyzer for electrolytes such as Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ and gases like CO2 , which became a commercially successful application. Finally, the tool was a springboard for chemistry to cross into computer science. The field of molecular logic can elucidate how molecules inside us handle information. Molecular examples of the simplest logic gates such as YES, NOT, OR, AND are described. A case of a human-level computation - visual edge detection - is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Yi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG Northern Ireland
| | - A. Prasanna de Silva
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG Northern Ireland
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7
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Pop-up rings to rule reactivity. Nat Chem 2022; 14:971-972. [PMID: 36028624 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Wang LJ, Bai S, Han YF. Water-Soluble Self-Assembled Cage with Triangular Metal-Metal-Bonded Units Enabling the Sequential Selective Separation of Alkanes and Isomeric Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16191-16198. [PMID: 35972889 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The selective separation of structurally similar aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbons is an essential goal in industrial processes. In this study, we report the synthesis of a water-soluble (Tr2M3)4L4 (Tr = cycloheptatrienyl ring; M = metal; L = organosulfur ligand) molecular cage (1) via self-assembly of the water-soluble acceptor tripalladium sandwich species [(Tr2Pd3)(CH3CN)][NO3]2 and the attachment onto L of solubilizing methoxyethoxy appendants to be utilized in an energy-friendly alternative approach to the separation of structurally similar molecules under ambient conditions. Cage 1, comprising a hydrophobic inner cavity, exhibited good solubility and stability in aqueous media. It also demonstrated excellent performance in the sequential separation of alkanes (C6-C9), xylene, and other disubstituted benzene isomers and cis/trans-decalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P.R. China
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9
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Yao CY, Lin HY, Morgenfurt P, Keyes TE, de Silva AP. Multiple Molecular Logic Gate Arrays in One System of (2-(2’-Pyridyl)imidazole)Ru(II) Complexes and Trimeric Cyclophanes in Water. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10856-10867. [PMID: 36320709 PMCID: PMC9491216 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape-switchable cyclophane hosts allow the controlled capture and release of reactive polypyridineRu(ii) complexes in water. This gives rise to a network of host–guest binding, acid–base reactions in ground and excited states, and chemical redox interconversions. In the case of (2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole)Ru(ii) complexes, several molecular logic gate arrays of varying complexity emerge as a result. Cyclophane-induced ‘off–on’ switching of luminescence in neutral solution is found to originate from two features of these aromatic hosts: enhancement of radiative decay by the polarizable host and the suppression of nonradiative decay involving deprotonation by reducing the water content within the deep host cavity. These are examples of nanometric coordination chemistry/physics being controlled by inclusion in an open box. The aromatic units of the macrocycle are also responsible for the shape-switching mechanism of wall collapse/erection. Transactions of a polypyridineRu(ii) complex with photons, protons and shape-switchable hosts show several types of molecular logic.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Hong-Yu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Philip Morgenfurt
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - A Prasanna de Silva
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG UK
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