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Liu Y, Yu X, Li X, Liu X, Ye C, Ling T, Wang X, Zhu Z, Shan J. Selective Synthesis of Organonitrogen Compounds via Electrochemical C-N Coupling on Atomically Dispersed Catalysts. ACS NANO 2024; 18:23894-23911. [PMID: 39160683 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The C-N coupling reaction demonstrates broad application in the fabrication of a wide range of high value-added organonitrogen molecules including fertilizers (e.g., urea), chemical feedstocks (e.g., amines, amides), and biomolecules (e.g., amino acids). The electrocatalytic C-N coupling pathways from waste resources like CO2, NO3-, or NO2- under mild conditions offer sustainable alternatives to the energy-intensive thermochemical processes. However, the complex multistep reaction routes and competing side reactions lead to significant challenges regarding low yield and poor selectivity toward large-scale practical production of target molecules. Among diverse catalyst systems that have been developed for electrochemical C-N coupling reactions, the atomically dispersed catalysts with well-defined active sites provide an ideal model platform for fundamental mechanism elucidation. More importantly, the intersite synergy between the active sites permits the enhanced reaction efficiency and selectivity toward target products. In this Review, we systematically assess the dominant reaction pathways of electrocatalytic C-N coupling reactions toward various products including urea, amines, amides, amino acids, and oximes. To guide the rational design of atomically dispersed catalysts, we identify four key stages in the overall reaction process and critically discuss the corresponding catalyst design principles, namely, retaining NOx/COx reactants on the catalyst surface, regulating the evolution pathway of N-/C- intermediates, promoting C-N coupling, and facilitating final hydrogenation steps. In addition, the advanced and effective theoretical simulation and characterization technologies are discussed. Finally, a series of remaining challenges and valuable future prospects are presented to advance rational catalyst design toward selective electrocatalytic synthesis of organonitrogen molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoyong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Tao Ling
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jieqiong Shan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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Beil SB, Bonnet S, Casadevall C, Detz RJ, Eisenreich F, Glover SD, Kerzig C, Næsborg L, Pullen S, Storch G, Wei N, Zeymer C. Challenges and Future Perspectives in Photocatalysis: Conclusions from an Interdisciplinary Workshop. JACS AU 2024; 4:2746-2766. [PMID: 39211583 PMCID: PMC11350580 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a versatile and rapidly developing field with applications spanning artificial photosynthesis, photo-biocatalysis, photoredox catalysis in solution or supramolecular structures, utilization of abundant metals and organocatalysts, sustainable synthesis, and plastic degradation. In this Perspective, we summarize conclusions from an interdisciplinary workshop of young principal investigators held at the Lorentz Center in Leiden in March 2023. We explore how diverse fields within photocatalysis can benefit from one another. We delve into the intricate interplay between these subdisciplines, by highlighting the unique challenges and opportunities presented by each field and how a multidisciplinary approach can drive innovation and lead to sustainable solutions for the future. Advanced collaboration and knowledge exchange across these domains can further enhance the potential of photocatalysis. Artificial photosynthesis has become a promising technology for solar fuel generation, for instance, via water splitting or CO2 reduction, while photocatalysis has revolutionized the way we think about assembling molecular building blocks. Merging such powerful disciplines may give rise to efficient and sustainable protocols across different technologies. While photocatalysis has matured and can be applied in industrial processes, a deeper understanding of complex mechanisms is of great importance to improve reaction quantum yields and to sustain continuous development. Photocatalysis is in the perfect position to play an important role in the synthesis, deconstruction, and reuse of molecules and materials impacting a sustainable future. To exploit the full potential of photocatalysis, a fundamental understanding of underlying processes within different subfields is necessary to close the cycle of use and reuse most efficiently. Following the initial interactions at the Lorentz Center Workshop in 2023, we aim to stimulate discussions and interdisciplinary approaches to tackle these challenges in diverse future teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck
Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute
of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus
Laboratories, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Department
of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, University
Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/Marcel.lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Remko J. Detz
- Energy Transition
Studies (ETS), Netherlands Organization
for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Radarweg 60, 1043
NT Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Starla D. Glover
- Department
of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Line Næsborg
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Pullen
- Homogeneous
and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Golo Storch
- Technical
University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Ning Wei
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck
Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Cathleen Zeymer
- Center for
Functional Protein Assemblies & Department of Bioscience, TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Technical University
of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Feng Z, Dai C, Shi P, Lei X, Liu X. The Role of Photo in Oxygen Evolution Reaction: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401578. [PMID: 38616738 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Photo enhanced oxygen evolution reaction has recently emerged as an advanced strategy with great application prospects for highly efficient energy conversion and storage. In the course of photo enhanced oxygen evolution reactions, the other works focus has predominantly centered on catalysts while inadvertently overlooking the pivotal role of photo. Consequently, this manuscript embarks upon a comprehensive review of recent advancements in photo-driven, aiming to illuminate this critical dimension. A detailed introduction to the photothermal effect, photoelectronic effect, photon-induced surface plasmon resonance, photo and heterojunction, photo-induced reversible geometric conversion, photo-induced energy barrier reduction, photo-induced chemical effect, photo-charging, and the synthesis of laser/photo-assisted catalysts, offering prospects for the development of each case is provided. A detailed introduction to the photothermal effect, photoelectronic effect, photon-induced surface plasmon resonance, photo and heterojunction, photo-induced reversible geometric conversion, photo-induced energy barrier reduction, photo-induced chemical effect, photo-charging, and the synthesis of laser/photo-assisted catalysts is provided. At the same time, the overpotential and Tafel slope of some catalysts mentioned above at 10 mA cm-2 is collected, and calculated the lifting efficiency of light on them, offering prospects for the development of each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Chuanlin Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Peng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xuefei Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xuanwen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Liu S, Qi W, Yang X, Guo X, Liu J, Zhu Y, Yang MQ, Yang M. Surface Reconstruction on Metal Nitride during Photo-oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315034. [PMID: 38352980 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The efficient conversion and storage of solar energy for chemical fuel production presents a challenge in sustainable energy technologies. Metal nitrides (MNs) possess unique structures that make them multi-functional catalysts for water splitting. However, the thermodynamic instability of MNs often results in the formation of surface oxide layers and ambiguous reaction mechanisms. Herein, we present on the photo-induced reconstruction of a Mo-rich@Co-rich bi-layer on ternary cobalt-molybdenum nitride (Co3 Mo3 N) surfaces, resulting in improved effectiveness for solar water splitting. During a photo-oxidation process, the uniform initial surface oxide layer is reconstructed into an amorphous Co-rich oxide surface layer and a subsurface Mo-N layer. The Co-rich outer layer provides active sites for photocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (POER), while the Mo-rich sublayer promotes charge transfer and enhances the oxidation resistance of Co3 Mo3 N. Additionally, the surface reconstruction yields a shortened Co-Mo bond length, weakening the adsorption of hydrogen and resulting in improved performance for both photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (PHER) and POER. This work provides insight into the surface structure-to-activity relationships of MNs in solar energy conversion, and is expected to have significant implications for the design of metal nitride-based catalysts in sustainable energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Weiliang Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xuhui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xuyun Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jue Liu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, United States
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Min-Quan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
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Andrei V, Wang Q, Uekert T, Bhattacharjee S, Reisner E. Solar Panel Technologies for Light-to-Chemical Conversion. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3376-3386. [PMID: 36395337 PMCID: PMC9730848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The sustainable synthesis of fuels and chemicals is key to attaining a carbon-neutral economy. This can be achieved by mimicking the light-harvesting and catalytic processes occurring in plants. Solar fuel production is commonly performed via established approaches, including photovoltaic-electrochemical (PV-EC), photoelectrochemical (PEC), and photocatalytic (PC) systems. A recent shift saw these systems evolve into integrated, compact panels, which suit practical applications through their simplicity, scalability, and ease of operation. This advance has resulted in a suite of apparently similar technologies, including the so-called artificial leaves and PC sheets. In this Account, we compare these different thin film technologies based on their micro- and nanostructure (i.e., layered vs particulate), operation principle (products occurring on the same or different sides of the panel), and product/reaction scope (overall water splitting and CO2 reduction, or organics, biomass, and waste conversion).For this purpose, we give an overview of developments established over the past few years in our laboratory. Two light absorbers are generally required to overcome the thermodynamic challenges of coupling water oxidation to proton or CO2 reduction with good efficiency. Hence, tandem artificial leaves combine a lead halide perovskite photocathode with a BiVO4 photoanode to generate syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO), whereas PC sheets involve metal-ion-doped SrTiO3 and BiVO4 particles for selective formate synthesis from CO2 and water. On the other hand, only a single light absorber is needed for coupling H2 evolution to organics oxidation in the thermodynamically less demanding photoreforming process. This can be performed by immobilized carbon nitride (CNx) in the case of PC sheets or by a single perovskite light absorber in the case of PEC reforming leaves. Such systems can be integrated with a range of inorganic, molecular, and biological catalysts, including metal alloys, molecular cobalt complexes, enzymes, and bacteria, with low overpotentials and high catalytic activities toward selective product formation.This wide reaction scope introduces new challenges toward quantifying and comparing the performance of different systems. To this end, we propose new metrics to evaluate the performance of solar fuel panels based on the areal product rates and commercial product value. We further explore the key opportunities and challenges facing the commercialization of thin film technologies for solar fuels research, including performance losses over larger areas and catalyst/device recyclability. Finally, we identify emerging applications beyond fuels, where such light-driven panels can make a difference, including the waste management, chemical synthesis, and pharmaceutical industries. In the long term, these aspects may facilitate a transition toward a light-driven circular economy.
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To TH, Tran DB, Thi Thu Ha V, Tran PD. Electrocatalytic H 2 evolution using binuclear cobalt complexes as catalysts. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26428-26434. [PMID: 36275106 PMCID: PMC9479770 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein on the use of two binuclear cobalt complexes with the N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-phenylmethanediamine ligand as catalysts for the H2 evolution in DMF solution with acetic acid as proton source. Both experimental analyses (electrochemical analysis, spectroscopy analysis) and theoretical analysis (foot-of-the wave analysis) were employed. These catalysts required an overpotential of ca. 470 mV to catalyze the H2 evolution and generated H2 gas with a faradaic efficiency of 85-95% as calculated on the basis of after 5 hour bulk electrolysis. The kinetic investigation showed the maximal TOF value of 50 s-1 on the basis of an ECEC mechanism. Two cobalt centers, standing at a long distance of 4.175 Å, operated independently during catalysis without a synergetic effect or cooperation capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung H To
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Dang B Tran
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Education 280 An Duong Vuong Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Thu Ha
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Phong D Tran
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Hanoi Vietnam
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