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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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2
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Zubkov MO, Dilman AD. Radical reactions enabled by polyfluoroaryl fragments: photocatalysis and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4741-4785. [PMID: 38536104 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes have been known for a long time, but they are most often used as fluorinated building blocks for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. At the same time, due to peculiar fluorine effect, they have unique properties that provide applications in various fields ranging from synthesis to materials science. This review summarizes advances in the radical chemistry of polyfluoroarenes, which have become possible mainly with the advent of photocatalysis. Transformations of the fluorinated ring via the C-F bond activation, as well as use of fluoroaryl fragments as activating groups and hydrogen atom transfer agents are discussed. The ability of fluoroarenes to serve as catalysts is also considred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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3
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Helling C, van der Zee LJC, Hofman J, de Zwart FJ, Mathew S, Nieger M, Slootweg JC. Homolytic C-H Bond Activation by Phosphine-Quinone-Based Radical Ion Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313397. [PMID: 37831966 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present the formation of transient radical ion pairs (RIPs) by single-electron transfer (SET) in phosphine-quinone systems and explore their potential for the activation of C-H bonds. PMes3 (Mes=2,4,6-Me3 C6 H2 ) reacts with DDQ (2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone) with formation of the P-O bonded zwitterionic adduct Mes3 P-DDQ (1), while the reaction with the sterically more crowded PTip3 (Tip=2,4,6-iPr3 C6 H2 ) afforded C-H bond activation product Tip2 P(H)(2-[CMe2 (DDQ)]-4,6-iPr2 -C6 H2 ) (2). UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopic studies showed that the latter reaction proceeds via initial SET, forming RIP [PTip3 ]⋅+ [DDQ]⋅- , and subsequent homolytic C-H bond activation, which was supported by DFT calculations. The isolation of analogous products, Tip2 P(H)(2-[CMe2 {TCQ-B(C6 F5 )3 }]-4,6-iPr2 -C6 H2 ) (4, TCQ=tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone) and Tip2 P(H)(2-[CMe2 {oQtBu -B(C6 F5 )3 }]-4,6-iPr2 -C6 H2 ) (8, oQtBu =3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone), from reactions of PTip3 with Lewis-acid activated quinones, TCQ-B(C6 F5 )3 and oQtBu -B(C6 F5 )3 , respectively, further supports the proposed radical mechanism. As such, this study presents key mechanistic insights into the homolytic C-H bond activation by the synergistic action of radical ion pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Helling
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090, GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars J C van der Zee
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090, GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Hofman
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090, GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J de Zwart
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090, GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090, GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Chris Slootweg
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090, GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Yuan L, Yang J, Qi S, Liu Y, Tian X, Jia T, Wang Y, Dou C. Diradicaloid Boron-Doped Molecular Carbons Achieved by Pentagon-Fusion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202314982. [PMID: 37924227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular carbons (MCs) are molecular cutouts of carbon materials. Doping with heteroatoms and constructing open-shell structures are two powerful approaches to achieve unexpected and unique properties of MCs. Herein, we disclose a new strategy to design open-shell boron-doped MCs (BMCs), namely by pentagon-fusion of an organoborane π-system. We synthesized two diradicaloid BMC molecules that feature C24 B and C38 B π-skeletons containing a pentagonal ring. A thorough investigation reveals that such pentagon-fusion not only leads to their local antiaromaticity, but also incorporates an internal quinoidal substructure and thereby induces open-shell singlet diradical states. Moreover, their fully fused structures enable efficient π conjugation, which is expanded over the whole frameworks. Consequently, some intriguing physical properties are achieved, such as narrow energy gaps, very broad light absorptions, and superior photothermal capability, along with excellent photostability. Notably, the solid of the C38 B molecule exhibits absorption that covers the range of 300-1200 nm and an efficiency of 93.5 % for solar-driven water evaporation, thus demonstrating the potential of diradicaloid BMCs as high-performance organic photothermal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, P. R. China
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5
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van der Zee LJ, Pahar S, Richards E, Melen RL, Slootweg JC. Insights into Single-Electron-Transfer Processes in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry and Related Donor-Acceptor Systems in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9653-9675. [PMID: 37431868 PMCID: PMC10416219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation and utilization of substrates mediated by Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) was initially believed to occur solely via a two-electron, cooperative mechanism. More recently, the occurrence of a single-electron transfer (SET) from the Lewis base to the Lewis acid was observed, indicating that mechanisms that proceed via one-electron-transfer processes are also feasible. As such, SET in FLP systems leads to the formation of radical ion pairs, which have recently been more frequently observed. In this review, we aim to discuss the seminal findings regarding the recently established insights into the SET processes in FLP chemistry as well as highlight examples of this radical formation process. In addition, applications of reported main group radicals will also be reviewed and discussed in the context of the understanding of SET processes in FLP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars J.
C. van der Zee
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanjukta Pahar
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy
Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Richards
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy
Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Melen
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy
Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, United Kingdom
| | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van
’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Dong X, Luo QC, Zhao Y, Wang T, Sun Q, Pei R, Zhao Y, Zheng YZ, Wang X. A Dynamic Triradical: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Spin Frustration. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17292-17298. [PMID: 37493570 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Polyradicals, i.e., multispin organic molecules, are playing important roles in radical-based material applications for their spin-spin interaction. A dynamic covalently bonded multispin molecule may endow materials with added function such as memory and switching. However, such a species has yet to be reported. We here report the synthesis, characterization, and crystal structure of a dynamic triradical species. It is generated by the self-assembly of two molecules through a Lewis acid coupled electron transfer. The crystalline species is spin-frustrated without Jahn-Teller distortion at low temperature, while it dissociates back to diamagnetic starting material in solution at high temperature. The reversible process is tracked by variable-temperature NMR, EPR, and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Isolation, property study, and dynamic bonding investigation on such a species lay the foundation for the design of functional polyradicals with potential application as memory or switching devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qian-Cheng Luo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quanchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runbo Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Zheng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200032, China
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7
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Fang S, Huang J, Tao R, Wei Q, Ding X, Yajima S, Chen Z, Zhu W, Liu C, Li Y, Yin N, Song L, Liu Y, Shi G, Wu H, Gao Y, Wen X, Chen Q, Shen Q, Li Y, Liu Z, Li Y, Ma W. Open-Shell Diradical-Sensitized Electron Transport Layer for High-Performance Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212184. [PMID: 36870078 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are well-documented as an excellent electron transport layer (ETL) in optoelectronic devices. However, the intrinsic surface flaw of the ZnO NPs can easily result in serious surface recombination of carriers. Exploring effective passivation methods of ZnO NPs is essential to maximize the device's performance. Herein, a hybrid strategy is explored for the first time to improve the quality of ZnO ETL by incorporating stable organic open-shell donor-acceptor type diradicaloids. The high electron-donating feature of the diradical molecules can efficiently passivate the deep-level trap states and improve the conductivity of ZnO NP film. The unique advantage of the radical strategy is that its passivation effectiveness is highly correlated with the electron-donating ability of radical molecules, which can be precisely controlled by the rational design of molecular chemical structures. The well-passivated ZnO ETL is applied in lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot solar cells, delivering a power conversion efficiency of 13.54%. More importantly, as a proof-of-concept study, this work will inspire the exploration of general strategies using radical molecules to construct high-efficiency solution-processed optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ran Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shota Yajima
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Zhongxin Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Weiya Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Ni Yin
- i-Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Leliang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Guozheng Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yiyuan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Youyong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zeke Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Dai S, Tao M, Zhong Y, Li Z, Liang J, Chen D, Liu K, Wei B, Situ B, Gao M, Tang BZ. In Situ Generation of Red-to-NIR Emissive Radical Cations in the Stomach for Gastrointestinal Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209940. [PMID: 36670538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Red-to-near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes, with advantages such as high spatiotemporal resolution and in situ sensing abilities, are highly attractive for diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases and targeted drug development. However, conventional red-to-NIR fluorophores with electron closed-shell structures require tedious synthetic procedures for preparation, and it is difficult to further decorate them with sensing groups. In this study, a series of easily prepared pyrroles with simple structures that can quickly be transformed into red-to-NIR emissive radical cations in acidic buffer solution and in vivo stomachs is developed. The in-situ-generated red-to-NIR emissive pyrrole radical cations in the stomach have excellent biocompatibility and stability and can be used not only for intravital gastrointestinal imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution, but also for dynamic monitoring of the gastric emptying process and assessment of anti-gastric-acid therapy. The acidity-induced generation of pyrrole radical cations is believed to provide a facile strategy for developing red-to-NIR fluorophores and studying gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Maliang Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zixiong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianshu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Dongcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Binbin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Meng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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9
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Guo J, Tian X, Wang Y, Dou C. Progress of Indeno-type Organic Diradicaloids. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Guo J, Li Z, Tian X, Zhang T, Wang Y, Dou C. Diradical B/N-Doped Polycyclic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217470. [PMID: 36599802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic diradicaloids with atom-precise control over open-shell nature are promising materials for organic electronics and spintronics. Herein, we disclose quinoidal π-extension of a B/N-heterocycle for generating B/N-type organic diradicaloids. Two quinoidal π-extended B/N-doped polycyclic hydrocarbons that feature fusion of the B/N-heterocycle motif with the antiaromatic s-indacene or dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene core were synthesized. This quinoidal π-extension and B/N-heterocycle leads to their open-shell electronic nature, which stands in contrast to the multiple-resonance effect of conventional B/N-type emitters. These B/N-type diradicaloids have modulated (anti)aromaticity and enhanced diradical characters comparing with the all-carbon analogues, as well as intriguing properties, such as magnetic activities, narrow energy gaps and highly red-shifted absorptions. This study thus opens the new space for both of B/N-doped polycyclic π-systems and heterocyclic diradicaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zeyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Li Q, Zhang Q, Xue ZZ, Hu JX, Wang GM. Photoactive Anthracene-9,10-dicarboxylic Acid for Tuning of Photochromism in the Cd/Zn Coordination Polymers. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10792-10800. [PMID: 35796673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer photochromic materials with photo-triggered radicals have received huge interest from chemists due to their potentialities in anticounterfeiting, displays, energy conversion, and information storage. However, utilizing the sole carboxylic acid to synthesize novel electron transfer photochromic species is still confronted with huge challenges. Herein, an acentric three-dimensional network Cd2(ADC)2(DMF)2(H2O) (1; ADC = anthracene-9,10-dicarboxylate; DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) and a two-dimensional layer Zn(ADC)(H2O)·DMA·H2O (2; DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide) were synthesized and characterized via a photoactive H2ADC ligand. Both compounds exhibited electron transfer photochromism with the formation of radical photoproducts at the solid state, which was revealed by IR, UV-Vis absorption, photoluminescence and electron spin resonance spectra, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Density functional theory calculations for 1 showed that the coloration process is a metal-assisted ligand-to-ligand electron transfer process between adjacent ADC molecules, and photogenerated stable radicals are delocalized over the ADC components. Compared with 1, the shorter distances between ADC components via coordination bonds promoted 2 to exhibit a higher coloration efficiency and larger quantity of photogenerated radicals. Furthermore, both compounds showed unexpected radical-actuated photochromism in aqueous solution. This work showed that the carboxylic acid ligands, without viologen acceptors, could construct the electron transfer photochromic complexes, showing a novel kind of ligand for the design of hybrid photochromic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Guo-Ming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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