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Huang M, Chen B, Zhang H, Jin Y, Zhi Q, Yang T, Wang K, Jiang J. Tailored Local Electronic Environment of Co-N 4 Sites in Cobalt Phthalocyanines for Enhanced CO 2 Reduction Reaction. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301652. [PMID: 38659342 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Atomically dispersed Co-N4-based catalysts have been recently emerging as one of the most promising candidates for facilitating CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The local electronic environment of Co-N4 sites in these catalysts is considered to play a critical role in adjusting the catalytic performance, the effort of which however is not yet clearly verified. Herein, a series of cobalt phthalocyanines with different peripheral substituents including unsubstituted phthalocyanine Co(II) (CoPc), 2,9,16,23-tetramethoxyphthalocyaninato Co(II) (CoPc-4OCH3), and 2,9,16,23-tetranitrophthalocyaninato Co(II) (CoPc-4NO2) are supported onto the surface of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), affording CoPc@CNTs, CoPc-4OCH3@CNTs, and CoPc-4NO2@CNTs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements disclose the influence of the peripheral substituents on the local electronic structure of Co atoms in these three catalysts. Electrochemical tests indicate the higher CO2RR performance of CoPc-4OCH3@CNTs compared to CoPc@CNTs and CoPc-4NO2@CNTs as exemplified by the higher Faraday efficiency of CO, larger part current densities, and better stability displayed by CoPc-4OCH3@CNTs at the applied voltage range from -0.6 to -1.0 V versus RHE in both H-cell and flow cell. These results highlight the effect of the electron-donating -OCH3 substituent on the enhanced catalytic activity of CoPc-4OCH3@CNTs, which will help develop Co-N4-based catalysts with promising catalytic performance toward CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Baotong Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yucheng Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qianjun Zhi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Innovation Research Institute for Carbon Neutrality, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Lu G, Ni E, Jiang Y, Wu W, Li H. Room-Temperature Liquid Metals for Flexible Electronic Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304147. [PMID: 37875665 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature gallium-based liquid metals (RT-GaLMs) have garnered significant interest recently owing to their extraordinary combination of fluidity, conductivity, stretchability, self-healing performance, and biocompatibility. They are ideal materials for the manufacture of flexible electronics. By changing the composition and oxidation of RT-GaLMs, physicochemical characteristics of the liquid metal can be adjusted, especially the regulation of rheological, wetting, and adhesion properties. This review highlights the advancements in the liquid metals used in flexible electronics. Meanwhile related characteristics of RT-GaLMs and underlying principles governing their processing and applications for flexible electronics are elucidated. Finally, the diverse applications of RT-GaLMs in self-healing circuits, flexible sensors, energy harvesting devices, and epidermal electronics, are explored. Additionally, the challenges hindering the progress of RT-GaLMs are discussed, while proposing future research directions and potential applications in this emerging field. By presenting a concise and critical analysis, this paper contributes to the advancement of RT-GaLMs as an advanced material applicable for the new generation of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixuan Lu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Erli Ni
- The Institute for Advanced Studies of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250061, China
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Gao Y, Xiao H, Ma X, Yue Z, Geng B, Zhao M, Zhang L, Zhang J, Zhang J, Jia J, Wu H. Cooperative adsorption of interfacial Ga-N dual-site in GaOOH@N-doped carbon nanotubes for enhanced electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:339-347. [PMID: 37844505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
To reduce activation energy barrier and promote the kinetics of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR), the performance of CO2 adsorption and activation on electrocatalysts should be optimized. Here, GaOOH is successfully coupled with N-doped carbon nanotubes (NC) via a facile self-assembly-calcination process. The obtained GaOOH@N-doped carbon nanotubes (Ga-NC) display the best CO faradaic efficiency of 96.1 % at -0.6 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). Control-experiment and characterization results suggest Ga-N dual-site in interface between GaOOH and NC shows cooperative adsorption of CO2. C atom in CO2 is adsorbed on N site while O atom in CO2 is adsorbed on Ga site. This cooperative adsorption efficiently promotes the CO2 adsorption and activation performance, as well as the breaking of CO bond due to opposite attraction from Ga-N dual-site. Moreover, in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms decreased reaction barrier for formation of *CO2- and *COOH intermediates. This work inspires us to construct interfacial dual-site structure with cooperative adsorption property for promoting eCO2RR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - He Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Zhizhu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Bo Geng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Junming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Jianfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Haishun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
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Okatenko V, Boulanger C, Chen AN, Kumar K, Schouwink P, Loiudice A, Buonsanti R. Voltage-Driven Chemical Reactions Enable the Synthesis of Tunable Liquid Ga-Metal Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25401-25410. [PMID: 37948677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized particles of liquid metals are emerging materials that hold promise for applications spanning from microelectronics to catalysis. Yet, knowledge of their chemical reactivity is largely unknown. Here, we study the reactivity of liquid Ga and Cu nanoparticles under the application of a cathodic voltage. We discover that the applied voltage and the spatial proximity of these two particle precursors dictate the reaction outcome. In particular, we find that a gradual voltage ramp is crucial to reduce the native oxide skin of gallium and enable reactive wetting between the Ga and Cu nanoparticles; instead, a voltage step causes dewetting between the two. We determine that the use of liquid Ga/Cu nanodimer precursors, which consist of an oxide-covered Ga domain interfaced with a metallic Cu domain, provides a more uniform mixing and results in more homogeneous reaction products compared to a physical mixture of Ga and Cu NPs. Having learned this, we obtain CuGa2 alloys or solid@liquid CuGa2@Ga core@shell nanoparticles by tuning the stoichiometry of Ga and Cu in the nanodimer precursors. These products reveal an interesting complementarity of thermal and voltage-driven syntheses to expand the compositional range of bimetallic NPs. Finally, we extend the voltage-driven synthesis to the combination of Ga with other elements (Ag, Sn, Co, and W). By rationalizing the impact of the native skin reduction rate, the wetting properties, and the chemical reactivity between Ga and other metals on the results of such voltage-driven chemical manipulation, we define the criteria to predict the outcome of this reaction and set the ground for future studies targeting various applications for multielement nanomaterials based on liquid Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Okatenko
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Coline Boulanger
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Alexander N Chen
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schouwink
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Anna Loiudice
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
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Wang C, Wang T, Zeng M, Fu L. Emerging Liquid Metal Catalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10054-10066. [PMID: 37916543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts serve pivotal roles in facilitating the development of sustainable energy systems on a global scale. Liquid metal usually refers to metal that is liquid below 330 °C, also known as low melting point metal. Liquid metal has emerged as an intriguing catalyst due to its commendable electrical conductivity, favorable fluidity, solubility in metals, phase transition capabilities, and modifiable oxide surface, thereby presenting a plethora of prospects for diverse catalytic reactions. In this Perspective, we elucidate the four primary merits of liquid metal catalysts: resistance to coking, the ability to tune elemental composition, the potential for structural transformation, and the capacity to inhibit coalescence. In light of this, a comprehensive summary is presented on the research advancements pertaining to liquid metal in methane pyrolysis, alkane dehydrogenation, carbon dioxide reduction, alcohol oxidation, and various other catalytic reactions. Finally, the challenges and prospects of liquid metal catalysts are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tingli Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Lee W, Lee CE, Kim HJ, Kim K. Current Progress in Gallium-based Liquid Metals for Combinatory Phototherapeutic Anticancer Applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113294. [PMID: 37043951 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
A variety of therapeutic approaches using liquid metal (LM) have been intensively investigated, due to its unique physico-chemical properties that include high surface tension, fluidity, shape deformability, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. Among a series of LMs, the relatively lower toxicity and minimal volatility of gallium (Ga)-based LMs (GaLMs) enables their usage in a series of potential biomedical applications, especially implantable platforms, to treat multiple diseases. In addition, the highly efficient conversion of light energy into thermal or chemical energy via GaLMs has led to recent developments in photothermal and photodynamic applications for anticancer treatments. As attractive photothermal agents or photosensitizers, a systematic interpretation of the structural characteristics and photo-responsive behaviors of GaLMs is necessary to develop effective anticancer engineering applications. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of currently suggested GaLM-mediated photo-therapeutic cancer treatments. In particular, the review summarizes (1) surface coating techniques to form stable and multifunctional GaLM particulates, (2) currently investigated GaLM-mediated photothermal and photodynamic anticancer therapies, (3) synergistic efficacies with the aid of additional interventions, and (4) 3D composite gels embedded with GaLMs particles, to convey the potential technological advances of LM in this field.
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Okatenko V, Loiudice A, Newton MA, Stoian DC, Blokhina A, Chen AN, Rossi K, Buonsanti R. Alloying as a Strategy to Boost the Stability of Copper Nanocatalysts during the Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5370-5383. [PMID: 36847799 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanocatalysts are among the most promising candidates to drive the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, the stability of such catalysts during operation is sub-optimal, and improving this aspect of catalyst behavior remains a challenge. Here, we synthesize well-defined and tunable CuGa nanoparticles (NPs) and demonstrate that alloying Cu with Ga considerably improves the stability of the nanocatalysts. In particular, we discover that CuGa NPs containing 17 at. % Ga preserve most of their CO2RR activity for at least 20 h while Cu NPs of the same size reconstruct and lose their CO2RR activity within 2 h. Various characterization techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy, suggest that the addition of Ga suppresses Cu oxidation at open-circuit potential (ocp) and induces significant electronic interactions between Ga and Cu. Thus, we explain the observed stabilization of the Cu by Ga as a result of the higher oxophilicity and lower electronegativity of Ga, which reduce the propensity of Cu to oxidize at ocp and enhance the bond strength in the alloyed nanocatalysts. In addition to addressing one of the major challenges in CO2RR, this study proposes a strategy to generate NPs that are stable under a reducing reaction environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Okatenko
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Anna Loiudice
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Newton
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Dragos C Stoian
- Swiss-Norwegian Beamlines, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anastasia Blokhina
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Alexander N Chen
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Rossi
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
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Cheng Y, Xu W, Hou J, Kang P. Temperature-Dependent Electrosynthesis of C 2 Oxygenates from Oxalic Acid Using Gallium Tin Oxides. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jing Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin 300350, China
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Solano E, Dendooven J, Deduytsche D, Poonkottil N, Feng JY, Roeffaers MBJ, Detavernier C, Filez M. Metal Nanocatalyst Sintering Interrogated at Complementary Length Scales. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205217. [PMID: 36445117 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticle (NP) sintering is a prime cause of catalyst degradation, limiting its economic lifetime and viability. To date, sintering phenomena are interrogated either at the bulk scale to probe averaged NP properties or at the level of individual NPs to visualize atomic motion. Yet, "mesoscale" strategies which bridge these worlds can chart NP populations at intermediate length scales but remain elusive due to characterization challenges. Here, a multi-pronged approach is developed to provide complementary information on Pt NP sintering covering multiple length scales. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and Monte Carlo simulation show that the size evolution of individual NPs depends on the number of coalescence events they undergo during their lifetime. In its turn, the probability of coalescence is strongly dependent on the NP's mesoscale environment, where local population heterogeneities generate NP-rich "hotspots" and NP-free zones during sintering. Surprisingly, advanced in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction shows that not all NPs within the small NP sub-population are equally prone to sintering, depending on their crystallographic orientation on the support surface. The demonstrated approach shows that mesoscale heterogeneities in the NP population drive sintering and mitigation strategies demand their maximal elimination via advanced catalyst synthesis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET beamline, ALBA synchrotron light source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290, Spain
| | - Jolien Dendooven
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Davy Deduytsche
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Nithin Poonkottil
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ji-Yu Feng
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Maarten B J Roeffaers
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Matthias Filez
- Conformal Coating of Nanomaterials (CoCooN), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S1, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan, 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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A self-healing electrocatalytic system via electrohydrodynamics induced evolution in liquid metal. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7625. [PMID: 36494429 PMCID: PMC9734151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic deterioration during electrocatalytic processes is inevitable for conventional composite electrodes, which are prepared by depositing catalysts onto a rigid current collector. In contrast, metals that are liquid at near room temperature, liquid metals (LMs), are potential electrodes that are uniquely flexible and maneuverable, and whose fluidity may allow them to be more adaptive than rigid substrates. Here we demonstrate a self-healing electrocatalytic system for CO2 electroreduction using bismuth-containing Ga-based LM electrodes. Bi2O3 dispersed in the LM matrix experiences a series of electrohydrodynamic-induced structural changes when exposed to a tunable potential and finally transforms into catalytic bismuth, whose morphology can be controlled by the applied potential. The electrohydrodynamically-induced evolved electrode shows considerable electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction to formate. After deterioration of the electrocatalytic performance, the catalyst can be healed via simple mechanical stirring followed by in situ regeneration by applying a reducing potential. With this procedure, the electrode's original structure and catalytic activity are both recovered.
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11
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Liquid metals: Preparation, surface engineering, and biomedical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Castilla-Amorós L, Schouwink P, Oveisi E, Okatenko V, Buonsanti R. Tailoring Morphology and Elemental Distribution of Cu-In Nanocrystals via Galvanic Replacement. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18286-18295. [PMID: 36173602 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The compositional and structural diversity of bimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) provides a superior tunability of their physico-chemical properties, making them attractive for a variety of applications, including sensing and catalysis. Nevertheless, the manipulation of the properties-determining features of bimetallic NCs still remains a challenge, especially when moving away from noble metals. In this work, we explore the galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) of In NCs and a copper molecular precursor to obtain Cu-In bimetallic NCs with an unprecedented variety of morphologies and distribution of the two metals. We obtain spherical Cu11In9 intermetallic and patchy phase-segregated Cu-In NCs, as well as dimer-like Cu-Cu11In9 and Cu-In NCs. In particular, we find that segregation of the two metals occurs as the GRR progresses with time or with a higher copper precursor concentration. We discover size-dependent reaction kinetics, with the smaller In NCs undergoing a slower transition across the different Cu-In configurations. We compare the obtained results with the bulk Cu-In phase diagram and, interestingly, find that the bigger In NCs stabilize the bulk-like Cu-Cu11In9 configuration before their complete segregation into Cu-In NCs. Finally, we also prove the utility of the new family of Cu-In NCs as model catalysts to elucidate the impact of the metal elemental distribution on the selectivity of these bimetallics toward the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Generally, we demonstrate that the GRR is a powerful synthetic approach beyond noble metal-containing bimetallic structures, yet that the current knowledge on this reaction is challenged when oxophilic and poorly miscible metal pairs are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Castilla-Amorós
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schouwink
- Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Emad Oveisi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Electron Microscopy (CIME), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Valery Okatenko
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
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