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Schleusener A, Faraji M, Borreani M, Lauciello S, Pasquale L, Khabbaz Abkenar S, Divitini G, Krahne R. Heterostructures via a Solution-Based Anion Exchange in Microcrystalline 2D Layered Metal-Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402924. [PMID: 38857474 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Layered perovskites consist of stacks of inorganic semiconducting metal-halide octahedra lattices sandwiched between organic layers with typically dielectric behavior. The in-plane confinement of electrical carriers in such two-dimensional metal halide perovskites drives a large range of appealing electronic properties, such as strong exciton binding, anisotropic charge diffusion, and polarization-directionality. Heterostructures provide additional control on carrier diffusion and localization, and in-plane heterojunctions are interesting because of the associated high charge mobility. Here, this work demonstrates a versatile solution-based approach to fabricate in-plane heterostructures with different halide composition in two-dimensional lead-halide perovskite microcrystals. This leads to spatially separated halide phases with different band gap and light emission. Interestingly, the composition of the exchanged phase and the morphology of the phase boundary depends on the exchange route, which can be related to the preferred localization of the halides at the equatorial or axial octahedra positions that either leads to dissolution and recrystallization of the octahedra lattice (for bromide to iodide), or allows for ion diffusion within the lattice (for iodide to bromide). These detailed insights on the ion exchange processes in layered perovskites will stimulate the development of heterostructures that can be tailored for different applications such as photocatalysis, energy storage, and light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Faraji
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova, 16146, Italy
| | - Martina Borreani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Simone Lauciello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Lea Pasquale
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Divitini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
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Wood CH, Schaak RE. Synthetic Roadmap to a Large Library of Colloidal High-Entropy Rare Earth Oxyhalide Nanoparticles Containing up to Thirteen Metals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18730-18742. [PMID: 38943684 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of high-entropy materials that incorporate five or more elements randomized on a crystalline lattice often exhibit synergistic properties that can be influenced by both the identity and number of elements combined. These considerations are especially important for structurally and compositionally complex materials such as multimetal multianion compounds, where cation and anion mixing can influence properties in competitive and contradictory ways. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of a large library of colloidal high-entropy rare earth oxyhalide (REOX) nanoparticles. We begin with the synthesis of (LaCePrNdSmEuGdDyHoErYbScY)OCl, which homogeneously incorporates 13 distinct rare earth elements. Through time point studies, we find that (LaNdSmGdDy)OCl, a 5-metal analogue, forms through in situ generation of compositionally segregated core@shell@shell intermediates that convert to homogeneously mixed products through apparent core-shell interdiffusion. Assuming that all possible combinations of 5 through 13 rare earth metals are synthetically accessible, we propose the existence of a 7099-member REOCl nanoparticle library, of which we synthesize and characterize 40 distinct members. We experimentally validate the incorporation of a large number of rare earth elements using energy dispersive X-ray spectra, despite closely spaced and overlapping X-ray energy lines, using several fingerprint matching strategies to uniquely correlate experimental and simulated spectra. We confirm homogeneous mixing by analyzing elemental distributions in high-entropy nanoparticles versus physical mixtures of their constituent compounds. Finally, we characterize the band gaps of the 5- and 13-metal REOCl nanoparticles and find a significantly narrowed band gap, relative to the constituent REOCl phases, in (LaCePrNdSmEuGdDyHoErYbScY)OCl but not in (LaNdSmGdDy)OCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Wood
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Raymond E Schaak
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Universtiy Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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3
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Du JS, Cherqui C, Ueltschi TW, Wahl CB, Bourgeois M, Van Duyne RP, Schatz GC, Dravid VP, Mirkin CA. Discovering polyelemental nanostructures with redistributed plasmonic modes through combinatorial synthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj6129. [PMID: 38134271 PMCID: PMC10745681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Coupling plasmonic and functional materials provides a promising way to generate multifunctional structures. However, finding plasmonic nanomaterials and elucidating the roles of various geometric and dielectric configurations are tedious. This work describes a combinatorial approach to rapidly exploring and identifying plasmonic heteronanomaterials. Symmetry-broken noble/non-noble metal particle heterojunctions (~100 nanometers) were synthesized on multiwindow silicon chips with silicon nitride membranes. The metal types and the interface locations were controlled to establish a nanoparticle library, where the particle morphology and scattering color can be rapidly screened. By correlating structural data with near- and far-field single-particle spectroscopy data, we found that certain low-energy plasmonic modes could be supported across the heterointerface, while others are localized. Furthermore, we found a series of triangular heteronanoplates stabilized by epitaxial Moiré superlattices, which show strong plasmonic responses despite largely comprising a lossy metal (~70 atomic %). These architectures can become the basis for multifunctional and cost-effective plasmonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan S. Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Charles Cherqui
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tyler W. Ueltschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Carolin B. Wahl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Marc Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - George C. Schatz
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P. Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Zhao Y, Yin X, Li P, Ren Z, Gu Z, Zhang Y, Song Y. Multifunctional Perovskite Photodetectors: From Molecular-Scale Crystal Structure Design to Micro/Nano-scale Morphology Manipulation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:187. [PMID: 37515723 PMCID: PMC10387041 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional photodetectors boost the development of traditional optical communication technology and emerging artificial intelligence fields, such as robotics and autonomous driving. However, the current implementation of multifunctional detectors is based on the physical combination of optical lenses, gratings, and multiple photodetectors, the large size and its complex structure hinder the miniaturization, lightweight, and integration of devices. In contrast, perovskite materials have achieved remarkable progress in the field of multifunctional photodetectors due to their diverse crystal structures, simple morphology manipulation, and excellent optoelectronic properties. In this review, we first overview the crystal structures and morphology manipulation techniques of perovskite materials and then summarize the working mechanism and performance parameters of multifunctional photodetectors. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies of multifunctional perovskite photodetectors and their advancements are highlighted, including polarized light detection, spectral detection, angle-sensing detection, and self-powered detection. Finally, the existing problems of multifunctional detectors and the perspectives of their future development are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yin
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiu Ren
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenkun Gu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
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Smith PT, Ye Z, Pietryga J, Huang J, Wahl CB, Hedlund Orbeck JK, Mirkin CA. Molecular Thin Films Enable the Synthesis and Screening of Nanoparticle Megalibraries Containing Millions of Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37311072 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Megalibraries are centimeter-scale chips containing millions of materials synthesized in parallel using scanning probe lithography. As such, they stand to accelerate how materials are discovered for applications spanning catalysis, optics, and more. However, a long-standing challenge is the availability of substrates compatible with megalibrary synthesis, which limits the structural and functional design space that can be explored. To address this challenge, thermally removable polystyrene films were developed as universal substrate coatings that decouple lithography-enabled nanoparticle synthesis from the underlying substrate chemistry, thus providing consistent lithography parameters on diverse substrates. Multi-spray inking of the scanning probe arrays with polymer solutions containing metal salts allows patterning of >56 million nanoreactors designed to vary in composition and size. These are subsequently converted to inorganic nanoparticles via reductive thermal annealing, which also removes the polystyrene to deposit the megalibrary. Megalibraries with mono-, bi-, and trimetallic materials were synthesized, and nanoparticle size was controlled between 5 and 35 nm by modulating the lithography speed. Importantly, the polystyrene coating can be used on conventional substrates like Si/SiOx, as well as substrates typically more difficult to pattern on, such as glassy carbon, diamond, TiO2, BN, W, or SiC. Finally, high-throughput materials discovery is performed in the context of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using Au-Pd-Cu nanoparticle megalibraries on TiO2 substrates with 2,250,000 unique composition/size combinations. The megalibrary was screened within 1 h by developing fluorescent thin-film coatings on top of the megalibrary as proxies for catalytic turnover, revealing Au0.53Pd0.38Cu0.09-TiO2 as the most active photocatalyst composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zihao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jacob Pietryga
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Carolin B Wahl
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jenny K Hedlund Orbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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6
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Telschow O, Scheffczyk N, Hinderhofer A, Merten L, Kneschaurek E, Bertram F, Zhou Q, Löffler M, Schreiber F, Paulus F, Vaynzof Y. Elucidating Structure Formation in Highly Oriented Triple Cation Perovskite Films. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206325. [PMID: 37078840 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are an emerging class of crystalline semiconductors of great interest for application in optoelectronics. Their properties are dictated not only by their composition, but also by their crystalline structure and microstructure. While significant efforts are dedicated to the development of strategies for microstructural control, significantly less is known about the processes that govern the formation of their crystalline structure in thin films, in particular in the context of crystalline orientation. This work investigates the formation of highly oriented triple cation perovskite films fabricated by utilizing a range of alcohols as an antisolvent. Examining the film formation by in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering reveals the presence of a short-lived highly oriented crystalline intermediate, which is identified as FAI-PbI2 -xDMSO. The intermediate phase templates the crystallization of the perovskite layer, resulting in highly oriented perovskite layers. The formation of this dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) containing intermediate is triggered by the selective removal of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) when alcohols are used as an antisolvent, consequently leading to differing degrees of orientation depending on the antisolvent properties. Finally, this work demonstrates that photovoltaic devices fabricated from the highly oriented films, are superior to those with a random polycrystalline structure in terms of both performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Telschow
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Niels Scheffczyk
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lena Merten
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Qi Zhou
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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7
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Shin D, Lai M, Shin Y, Du JS, Jibril L, Rondinelli JM, Mirkin CA. From Heterostructures to Solid-Solutions: Structural Tunability in Mixed Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205923. [PMID: 36205651 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The stability, reliability, and performance of halide-perovskite-based devices depend upon the structure, composition, and particle size of the device-enabling materials. Indeed, the degree of ion mixing in multicomponent perovskite crystals, although challenging to control, is a key factor in determining properties. Herein, an emerging method termed evaporation-crystallization polymer pen lithography is used to synthesize and systematically study the degree of ionic mixing of Cs0.5 FA0.5 PbX3 (FA = formamidinium; X = halide anion, ABX3 ) crystals, as a function of size, temperature, and composition. These experiments have led to the discovery of a heterostructure morphology where the A-site cations, Cs and FA, are segregated into the core and edge layers, respectively. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the heterostructures form as a consequence of a combination of both differences in solubility of the two ions in solution and the enthalpic preference for Cs-FA ion segregation. This preference for segregation can be overcome to form a solid-solution by decreasing crystal size (<60 nm) or increasing temperature. Finally, these tools are utilized to identify and synthesize solid-solution nanocrystals of Cs0.5 FA0.5 Pb(Br/I)3 that significantly suppress photoinduced anion migration compared to their bulk counterparts, offering a route to deliberately designed photostable optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Minliang Lai
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yongjin Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jingshan S Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Liban Jibril
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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