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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2021-2022. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38925550 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a well-established technique and this review is the 12th update of the original article published in 1999 and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2022. As with previous review, this review also includes a few papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review follows the same format as previous reviews. It is divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of computer software for structural identification. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other general areas such as medicine, industrial processes, natural products and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis, particularly in its ability to produce single ions from each analyte and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Yadav N, Djalali S, Poveda A, Ricardo MG, Seeberger PH, Jiménez-Barbero J, Delbianco M. Dissecting the Conformational Stability of a Glycan Hairpin. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6369-6376. [PMID: 38377472 PMCID: PMC10921397 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Systematic structural studies of model oligopeptides revealed important aspects of protein folding and offered design principles to access non-natural materials. In the same way, the rules that regulate glycan folding could be established by studying synthetic oligosaccharide models. However, their analysis is often limited due to the synthetic and analytical complexity. By utilizing a glycan capable of spontaneously folding into a hairpin conformation as a model system, we investigated the factors that contribute to its conformational stability in aqueous solution. The modular design of the hairpin model featured a trisaccharide turn unit and two β-1,4-oligoglucoside stacking strands that allowed for systematic chemical modifications of the glycan sequence, including the introduction of NMR labels and staples. Nuclear magnetic resonance assisted by molecular dynamics simulations revealed that stereoelectronic effects and multiple glycan-glycan interactions are the major determinants of folding stabilization. Chemical modifications in the glycan primary sequence (e.g., strand elongation) can be employed to fine-tune the rigidity of structural motifs distant from the modification sites. These results could inspire the design of other glycan architectures, with implications in glycobiology and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishu Yadav
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Surusch Djalali
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ana Poveda
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - Manuel G. Ricardo
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio 48160, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
- Department
of Inorganic & Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Centro de
Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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Dal Colle MCS, Ricardo MG, Hribernik N, Danglad-Flores J, Seeberger PH, Delbianco M. Linker, loading, and reaction scale influence automated glycan assembly. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1015-1020. [PMID: 37440787 PMCID: PMC10334207 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated glycan assembly (AGA) affords collections of well-defined glycans in a short amount of time. We systematically analyzed how parameters connected to the solid support affect the AGA outcome for three different glycan sequences. We showed that, while loading and reaction scale did not significantly influence the AGA outcome, the chemical nature of the linker dramatically altered the isolated yields. We identified that the major determinants of AGA yields are cleavage from the solid support and post-AGA purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene C S Dal Colle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel G Ricardo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nives Hribernik
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - José Danglad-Flores
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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