1
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Nelson E, Bertke JA, Thanzeel FY, Wolf C. Organometallic Chirality Sensing via "Click"-Like η 6-Arene Coordination with an Achiral Cp*Ru(II) Piano Stool Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404594. [PMID: 38634562 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Piano stool complexes have been studied over many years and found widespread applications in organic synthesis, catalysis, materials and drug development. We now report the first examples of quantitative chiroptical molecular recognition of chiral compounds through click-like η6-arene coordination with readily available half sandwich complexes. This conceptually new approach to chirality sensing is based on irreversible acetonitrile displacement of [Cp*Ru(CH3CN)3]PF6 by an aromatic target molecule, a process that is fast and complete within a few minutes at room temperature. The metal coordination coincides with characteristic circular dichroism inductions that can be easily correlated to the absolute configuration and enantiomeric ratio of the bound molecule. A relay assay that decouples the determination of the enantiomeric composition and of the total sample amount by a practical CD/UV measurement protocol was developed and successfully tested. The introduction of piano stool complexes to the chiroptical sensing realm is mechanistically unique and extends the scope of currently known methods with small-molecule probes that require the presence of amino, alcohol, carboxylate or other privileged functional groups for binding of the target compound. A broad application range including pharmaceutically relevant multifunctional molecules and the use in chromatography-free asymmetric reaction analysis are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn Nelson
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC-20057
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC-20057
| | - F Yushra Thanzeel
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC-20057
| | - Christian Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC-20057
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2
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Huang JH, Liu YJ, Si Y, Cui Y, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Carborane-Cluster-Wrapped Copper Cluster with Cyclodextrin-like Cavities for Chiral Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38838264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Chiral atomically precise metal clusters, known for their remarkable chiroptical properties, hold great potential for applications in chirality recognition. However, advancements in this field have been constrained by the limited exploration of host-guest chemistry, involving metal clusters. This study reports the synthesis of a chiral Cu16(C2B10H10S2)8 (denoted as Cu16@CB8, where C2B10H12S2H2 = 9,12-(HS)2-1,2-closo-carborane) cluster by an achiral carboranylthiolate ligand. The chiral R-/S-Cu16@CB8 cluster features chiral cavities reminiscent of cyclodextrins, which are surrounded by carborane clusters, yet they crystallize in a racemate. These cyclodextrin-like cavities demonstrated the specific recognition of amino acids, as indicated by the responsive output of circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence signals of Cu16 moieties of the Cu16@CB8 cluster. Notably, a quantitative chiroptical analysis of amino acids in a short time and a concomitant deracemization of Cu16@CB8 were achieved. Density functional tight-binding molecular dynamics simulation and noncovalent interaction analysis further unraveled the great importance of the cavities and binding sites for chiral recognition. Dipeptide, tripeptide, and polypeptide containing the corresponding amino acids (Cys, Arg, or His residues) display the same chiral recognition, showing the generality of this approach. The functional synergy of dual clusters, comprising carborane and metal clusters, is for the first time demonstrated in the Cu16@CB8 cluster, resulting in the valuable quantification of the enantiomeric excess (ee) value of amino acids. This work opens a new avenue for chirality sensors based on chiral metal clusters with unique chiroptical properties and inspires the development of carborane clusters in host-guest chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yubing Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yao Cui
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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3
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Wang Z, Xie X, Hao A, Xing P. Multiple-State Control over Supramolecular Chirality through Dynamic Chemistry Mediated Molecular Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407182. [PMID: 38757553 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic chemistry utilizing both covalent and noncovalent bonds provides valid protocols in manipulating properties of self-assemblies and functions. Here we employ dynamic chemistry to realize multiple-route control over supramolecular chirality up to five states. N-protected fluorinated phenylalanine in the carboxylate state self-assembled into achiral nanoparticles ascribed to the amphiphilicity. Protonation promoted one-dimensional growth into helices with shrunk hydrophilicity, which in the presence of disulfide pyridine undergo chirality inversion promoted by the hydrogen bonding-directed coassembly. Further interacting with the water-soluble reductant cleavages the disulfide bond to initiate the rearrangement of coassemblies with a chirality inversion as well. Finally, by tuning the pH environments, aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction between reduced products and perfluorinated phenylalanine occurs, giving distinct chiral nanoarchitectures with emerged luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence. We thus realized a particular five-state control by combining dynamic chemistry at one chiral compound, which greatly enriches the toolbox in fabricating responsive chiroptical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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4
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Mo MY, Wang XJ, Shen RZ, Hu CY, Li XC, Li GW, Liu LT. Enantiospecific Analysis of Carboxylic Acids Using Cinchona Alkaloid Dimers as Chiral Solvating Agents. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7487-7496. [PMID: 38695134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Cinchona alkaloid derivatives as Brønsted base catalysts have attracted considerable attention in the field of asymmetric catalysis. However, their potential application as chiral solvating agents has not been described. In this research, we investigated the use of the Cinchona alkaloid dimer, namely, (DHQ)2PHAL, as a chiral solvating agent for discerning various mandelic acid derivatives through 1H NMR spectroscopy. The addition of catalytic amounts of DMAP facilitated this process. Our experimental results demonstrate that dimeric (DHQ)2PHAL exhibits remarkable chiral discrimination properties regarding the diagnostic split protons of 1H NMR signals (including 24 examples, up to 0.321 ppm). Furthermore, it serves as an excellent chiral discriminating agent and provides good resolution for racemic chiral phosphoric acid as determined by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The quality of enantiodifferentiation has also been evaluated by means of the parameter "resolution (Rs)". Significantly, this class of CSAs based on (alkaloid)2linker systems with an azaaromatic linker can be directly employed, which is commercially available in an enantiopure form at very low cost and exhibits promising potential in determining the enantiopurity of α-hydroxy acids by chemoselective and biocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Mo
- School of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Ren-Zeng Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Chang-Yan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Xue-Chun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Gao-Wei Li
- School of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
| | - Lan-Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Engineering Research Center for Green Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
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5
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Formen JSSK, Howard JR, Anslyn EV, Wolf C. Circular Dichroism Sensing: Strategies and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400767. [PMID: 38421186 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The analysis of the absolute configuration, enantiomeric composition, and concentration of chiral compounds are frequently encountered tasks across the chemical and health sciences. Chiroptical sensing methods can streamline this work and allow high-throughput screening with remarkable reduction of operational time and cost. During the last few years, significant methodological advances with innovative chirality sensing systems, the use of computer-generated calibration curves, machine learning assistance, and chemometric data processing, to name a few, have emerged and are now matched with commercially available multi-well plate CD readers. These developments have reframed the chirality sensing space and provide new opportunities that are of interest to a large group of chemists. This review will discuss chirality sensing strategies and applications with representative small-molecule CD sensors. Emphasis will be given to important milestones and recent advances that accelerate chiral compound analysis by outperforming traditional methods, conquer new directions, and pioneering efforts that lie at the forefront of chiroptical high-throughput screening developments. The goal is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the current state and a perspective of future directions of this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Howard
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Chemistry Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Chemistry Department, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA
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6
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Matysiak BM, Thomas D, Cronin L. Reaction Kinetics using a Chemputable Framework for Data Collection and Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315207. [PMID: 38155102 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Automated chemistry platforms have been widely explored, but many focus on fixed tasks for chemical synthesis or analysis. However, a typical synthetic chemistry workflow utilizes both, such as kinetic measurements for reaction development and optimization. Due to their repetitive and time-consuming nature, kinetic measurements are often omitted, which limits the mechanistic investigation of reactions. Herein, we present a "Chemputer" platform with on-line analytics (UV/Vis, NMR) which automates routine kinetic measurements. The system's capabilities are showcased by exploring an inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder using initial rate measurements, a metal complexation using variable time normalization analysis (VTNA), and formation of a series of tosylamide derivatives using Hammett analysis. Over 60 individual experiments are presented which required minimal intervention, highlighting the significant time savings of automation. Owing to the modular design of the platform, which facilitates rapid integration of commercial analytical tools, our approach is widely accessible and adjustable to the reaction under investigation. The platform is operated using the chemical programming language, XDL, hence experimental procedures and results are stored in a precise, computer-readable format. We propose that widespread adoption of this reporting protocol in the chemical community could build a database of validated kinetic data beneficial for Machine Learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean Thomas
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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7
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Wang L, Gao T, Yan J, Hong Y, Ma Y, Jin R, Kang C, Gao L. Enantiomer Recognition Based on Chirality Transfer from Chiral Amines to Ternary Dynamic Covalent Systems. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1797-1806. [PMID: 38197600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Enantiomer recognition is usually required in organic synthesis and materials and life sciences. This paper describes an enantiomer recognition method based on ternary dynamic covalent systems constructed via the complexation of chiral amines with a chiral boronate derived from 1,4-phenylenediboric acid and an L-DOPA-modified naphthalenediimide. The ternary systems aggregate into chiral assemblies driven by π-π interactions, and the chirality is transferred from the chiral amines to assemblies with high stereospecificity. Consequently, the enantiomer composition of chiral amines and the absolute configuration of the major enantiomer can be determined according to the sign of the Cotton effect of the ternary system by using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. This method offers the advantage of using the long wavelength CD signals of the boronate at around 520 nm, thereby avoiding interference with those of the carbon skeleton. This ternary system provides a novel approach to the design of enantiomer recognition systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangpeng Wang
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jijun Yan
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yun Hong
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rizhe Jin
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chuanqing Kang
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lianxun Gao
- Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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8
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Xu Z, Yan Y, Wang X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Yang X, Zhai T. Determination of Enantiomeric Excess by Optofluidic Microlaser near Exceptional Point. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308362. [PMID: 38072636 PMCID: PMC10870016 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Enantiomeric excess (ee) is an essential indicator of chiral drug purification in the pharmaceutical industry. However, to date the ee determination of unknown concentration enantiomers generally involves two separate techniques for chirality and concentration measurement. Here, a whispering-gallery mode (WGM) based optofluidic microlaser near exceptional point to achieve the ee determination under unknown concentration with a single technique is proposed. Exceptional point induces the unidirectional WGM lasing, providing the optofluidic microlaser with the novel capability to measure chirality by polarization, in addition to wavelength-based concentration detection. The dual-parameters detection of optofluidic microlaser empowers it to achieve ee determination of various unknown enantiomers without additional concentration measurements, a feat that is challenging to accomplish with other methods. Featuring the sensitivity enhancement and miniature structure of the WGM sensors, the obtained chiroptical response of the present approach is ≈30-fold higher than that of the conventional optical rotation-based polarimeter, and the reagent consumption is reduced by three orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Xu
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringFaculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
- Institute of Laser EngineeringFaculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Yinzhou Yan
- Institute of Laser EngineeringFaculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Xingyuan Wang
- College of Mathematics and PhysicsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringFaculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Zhixiang Zhou
- Faculty of Environment and LifeBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- Department of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringFaculty of ScienceBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
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9
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Formen JSSK, Hassan DS, Wolf C. Chemometric sensing of stereoisomeric compound mixtures with a redox-responsive optical probe. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1498-1504. [PMID: 38274061 PMCID: PMC10806675 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05706b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The analysis of mixtures of chiral compounds is a common task in academic and industrial laboratories typically achieved by laborious and time-consuming physical separation of the individual stereoisomers to allow interference-free quantification, for example using chiral chromatography coupled with UV detection. Current practice thus impedes high-throughput and slows down progress in countless chiral compound development projects. Here we describe a chemometric solution to this problem using a redox-responsive naphthoquinone that enables chromatography-free click chemistry sensing of challenging mixtures. The achiral probe covalently binds amino alcohols within a few minutes at room temperature and generates characteristic UVA and CDA spectra that are intentionally altered via sodium borohydride reduction to provide a second, strikingly different chiroptical data set (UVB and CDB). Chemometric partial least squares processing of the chiroptical outputs then enables spectral deconvolution and accurate determination of individual analyte concentrations. The success of this approach is demonstrated with 35 samples covering considerably varied total analyte amounts and stereoisomeric ratios. All chemicals and machine learning algorithms are readily available and can be immediately adapted by any laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diandra S Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
| | - Christian Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University Washington DC 20057 USA
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10
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Chakraborty D, Zheng L, Dai Y, Gwasdacus J, McTighe JE, Wulff WD, Borhan B. Employing a chiroptical sensor for the absolute stereochemical determination of α-amino and α-hydroxyphosphonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12629-12632. [PMID: 37791684 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01757e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The absolute stereochemistry of the α-amino and α-hydroxyphosphonates is determined using a chiroptical sensor. The induced helicity of the host-guest complex is correlated to the chirality of the guest molecule via a simple binding model. The relative size of the substituents dictates the predominant helical population, leading to an easy circular dichroic readout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Chakraborty
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Li Zheng
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Yijing Dai
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Jeff Gwasdacus
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - James E McTighe
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - William D Wulff
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Babak Borhan
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Penasa R, Begato F, Licini G, Wurst K, Abbate S, Longhi G, Zonta C. Fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD) of a stereodynamic probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6714-6717. [PMID: 37191071 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01249b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of chiroptical techniques in combination with stereodynamic probes is becoming one of the leading strategies for chiral sensing. While in most of the reported studies circular dichroism (CD) is the adopted spectroscopic technique, examples regarding the use of vibrational CD (VCD), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and Raman optical activity (ROA) are emerging as innovative tools. In this communication, an anthracene-decorated tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine zinc complex (TPMA) is reported for its capability to act as a chiral sensor using either CD or fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD). The latter technique offers the unique possibility to determine the enantiomeric excess of a series of carboxylic acids at sensor concentrations down to 0.1 μM. Limitations and possibilities opened by the use of this methodology, in particular regarding the specificity of the probe in the presence of another contaminant, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Penasa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Federico Begato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Giulia Licini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine Università degli Studi di Brescia Viale Europa 11 - 25123 Brescia - BS (Italy) and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, via Branze 45, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine Università degli Studi di Brescia Viale Europa 11 - 25123 Brescia - BS (Italy) and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), CNR, Research Unit of Brescia, via Branze 45, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zonta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
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Li H, Li Y, Jiao J, Lin C. Recent research progress on crystallization strategies for difficult-to-crystallize organic molecules. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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