1
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Shi C, Li H, Xie W, Wang R, Wang X, Lu X, Lin C, Jiang J, Wang L. Tröger's Base-Embedded Pillararenes─Macrocycles with Both Fixed and Conformational Chirality. Org Lett 2024; 26:6910-6914. [PMID: 39110602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Tröger's base-embedded pillararenes (P[1]TB[3]A), which combine Tröger's base (TB) with dialkoxybenzene units, were prepared via a fragment-coupling macrocyclization strategy. The TB unit in macrocycle P[1]TB[3]A provides a fixed chiral source, while 1,4-alkoxybenzene segments flip quickly to change their arrangement, which could provide reversible conformational chirality for those macrocycles. This rare example of macrocycles holding both fixed and conformational chirality lays a good foundation for expanding pillararenes using the fixed chiral source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- School of History, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiancai Lu
- Key Lab of Surficial Geochem of MOE, School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Nian H, Wang SM, Wang YF, Zheng YT, Zheng LS, Wang X, Yang LP, Jiang W, Cao L. Selective recognition and enrichment of C 70 over C 60 using an anthracene-based nanotube. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10214-10220. [PMID: 38966364 PMCID: PMC11220584 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02814g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective recognition and enrichment of fullerenes (e.g., C60 and C70) remains challenging due to the same diameter and geometrical similarity. Herein, we report a hexagonal anthracene-based nanotube (1) through a one-pot Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. With anthracene-based side walls and pyridine linkers, 1 features a nano-scale tubular cavity measuring 1.2 nm in diameter and 0.9 nm in depth, along with pH-responsive properties. Interestingly, the electron-rich 1 shows high binding affinity (K a ≈ 106 M-1) and selectivity (K s ≈ 140) to C70 over C60 in toluene, resulting from their different contribution of π-π interactions with the host. The protonation of 1 simultaneously alters the electronic properties within the nanotube, resulting in the release of the fullerene guests. Lastly, the selective recognition and pH stimuli-responsive properties of the nanotube have been utilized to enrich C70 from its low-content mixtures of fullerenes in chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Nian
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
| | - Song-Meng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yu-Tao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Li-Shuo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China Hengyang Hunan 421001 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liping Cao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an 710069 P. R. China
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3
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Fu R, Li DY, Tian JH, Lin YL, Zhao QY, Li WL, Chen FY, Guo DS, Cai K. Enantiopure Corral[4]BINOLs as Ultrastrong Receptors for Recognition and Differential Sensing of Steroids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406233. [PMID: 38591161 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The precise recognition and sensing of steroids, a type of vital biomolecules, hold immense practical value across various domains. In this study, we introduced corral[4]BINOLs (C[4]BINOLs), a pair of enantiomeric conjugated deep-cavity hosts, as novel synthetic receptors for binding steroids. Due to the strong hydrophobic effect of their deep nonpolar, chiral cavities, the two enantiomers of C[4]BINOLs demonstrated exceptionally high recognition affinities (up to 1012 M-1) for 16 important steroidal compounds as well as good enantioselectiviy (up to 15.5) in aqueous solutions, establishing them as the most potent known steroid receptors. Harnessing their ultrahigh affinity, remarkable enantioselectivity, and fluorescence emission properties, the two C[4]BINOL enantiomers were employed to compose a fluorescent sensor array which achieved discrimination and sensing of 16 structurally similar steroids at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dai-Yuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jia-Hong Tian
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi-Lin Lin
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wen-Li Li
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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4
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Huang JH, Liu YJ, Si Y, Cui Y, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Carborane-Cluster-Wrapped Copper Cluster with Cyclodextrin-like Cavities for Chiral Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38838264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Chiral atomically precise metal clusters, known for their remarkable chiroptical properties, hold great potential for applications in chirality recognition. However, advancements in this field have been constrained by the limited exploration of host-guest chemistry, involving metal clusters. This study reports the synthesis of a chiral Cu16(C2B10H10S2)8 (denoted as Cu16@CB8, where C2B10H12S2H2 = 9,12-(HS)2-1,2-closo-carborane) cluster by an achiral carboranylthiolate ligand. The chiral R-/S-Cu16@CB8 cluster features chiral cavities reminiscent of cyclodextrins, which are surrounded by carborane clusters, yet they crystallize in a racemate. These cyclodextrin-like cavities demonstrated the specific recognition of amino acids, as indicated by the responsive output of circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence signals of Cu16 moieties of the Cu16@CB8 cluster. Notably, a quantitative chiroptical analysis of amino acids in a short time and a concomitant deracemization of Cu16@CB8 were achieved. Density functional tight-binding molecular dynamics simulation and noncovalent interaction analysis further unraveled the great importance of the cavities and binding sites for chiral recognition. Dipeptide, tripeptide, and polypeptide containing the corresponding amino acids (Cys, Arg, or His residues) display the same chiral recognition, showing the generality of this approach. The functional synergy of dual clusters, comprising carborane and metal clusters, is for the first time demonstrated in the Cu16@CB8 cluster, resulting in the valuable quantification of the enantiomeric excess (ee) value of amino acids. This work opens a new avenue for chirality sensors based on chiral metal clusters with unique chiroptical properties and inspires the development of carborane clusters in host-guest chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ya-Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yubing Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yao Cui
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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5
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Li B, Liu L, Wang Y, Liu K, Zheng Z, Sun S, Hu Y, Li L, Li C. Structurally diverse macrocycle co-crystals for solid-state luminescence modulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2535. [PMID: 38514611 PMCID: PMC10957888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Organic co-crystals offer an opportunity to fabricate organic functional materials. Traditional co-crystals are generally packed following the segregated or mixed stacking mode, leading to the lack of structural and functional diversity. Herein, we report three sets of macrocycle co-crystals with identical co-constitutions. The macrocycle co-crystals differ in the stoichiometric ratios (2:1, 1:1, and 2:3) of the constituents and molecular packing modes. The co-crystals are constructed using triangular pyrene-macrocycle and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene exploiting exo-wall charge-transfer interactions. Interestingly, the three co-crystals exhibit distinct, tunable emission properties. The corresponding emission peaks appear at 575, 602, and 635 nm, covering yellow via orange to red. The X-ray diffraction analyses and the density functional theory calculations reveal the superstructure-property relationships that is attributed to the formation of different ratios of charge-transfer transition states between the donor and acceptor motifs, resulting in red-shifted luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Kun Liu
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Shougang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Chunju Li
- Academy of Interdisciplinary Studies on Intelligent Molecules, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China.
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6
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Pan YC, Tian JH, Guo DS. Molecular Recognition with Macrocyclic Receptors for Application in Precision Medicine. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3626-3639. [PMID: 38059474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic receptors can serve as alternatives to natural recognition systems as recognition tools. They provide effectively preorganized cavities to encapsulate guests via host-guest interactions, thereby affecting the physiochemical properties of the guests. Macrocyclic receptors exhibit chemical and thermal stabilities higher than those of natural receptors and thus are expected to resist degradation inside the body. This reduces the risk of harmful degradation byproducts and ensures optimal levels of effectiveness. Macrocyclic receptors have precise molecular weights and well-defined structures; this ensures their batch-to-batch reproducibility, which is critical for ensuring quality and effectiveness levels. Moreover, macrocyclic receptors exhibit broad modification tunabilities, rendering them adaptable to various guests. Molecular recognition is the basis of numerous biological processes. Macrocyclic receptors may display considerable potential for application in diagnosing and treating diseases, depending on the host-guest recognition of bioactive molecules. However, the binding affinities and selectivities of macrocyclic receptors toward bioactive molecules are generally insufficient, which may lead to problems such as low diagnosis accuracies, off-target leaking, and interference with normal functions. Therefore, addressing the challenge of the strong and specific complexation of bioactive molecules and macrocyclic receptors is imperative.To overcome this challenge, we proposed the innovative strategies of longitudinal cavity extension and coassembled heteromultivalent recognition for application in the recognition of small molecules and biomacromolecules, respectively. The deepened cavity provides a stronger hydrophobic effect and a larger interaction area while maintaining the framework rigidity. By coassembling two macrocyclic amphiphiles into one ensemble, we achieved the desired heteromultivalent recognition. This strategy affords the necessary binding properties while preventing the requirement of tedious steps and site mismatch in covalent synthesis. Using these two strategies, we achieved specific and strong binding of macrocyclic receptors to various bioactive molecules including biomarkers, drugs, and disease-related peptides/proteins. We then applied these macrocyclic receptor-based recognition systems in biosensing and bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapeutics.In this Account, we summarize the strategies we used in the recognition of small molecules and biomacromolecules. Thereafter, we discuss their applications in precision medicine, involving the (1) sensing of biomarkers and imaging of lesion sites, which are critical in the early screening of diseases and accurate diagnoses; (2) precise loading and targeted delivery of drugs, which are crucial in improving their therapeutic efficacies and reducing their side effects; and (3) capture and removal of disease-related biomacromolecules, which are significant for precise intervention in life processes. Finally, we propose recommendations for the further development of macrocyclic receptor-based recognition systems in biomedicine. Macrocyclic receptors exhibit considerable potential for research, and continued investigation may not only expand the applications of supramolecular chemistry but also open novel avenues for the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia-Hong Tian
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Wang R, Li WB, Deng JY, Han H, Chen FY, Li DY, Jing LB, Song Z, Fu R, Guo DS, Cai K. Adaptive and Ultrahigh-Affinity Recognition in Water by Sulfated Conjugated Corral[5]arene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202317402. [PMID: 38078790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of synthetic receptors with high binding affinities has long been a central focus in supramolecular chemistry, driven by their significant practical relevance in various fields. Despite the numerous synthetic receptors that have been developed, most exhibit binding affinities in the micromolar range or lower. Only a few exceptional receptors achieve binding affinities exceeding 109 M-1 , and their substrate scopes remain rather limited. In this context, we introduce SC[5]A, a conjugated corral-shaped macrocycle functionalized with ten sulfate groups. Owing to its deep one-dimensional confined hydrophobic cavity and multiple sulfate groups, SC[5]A displays an extraordinarily high binding strength of up to 1011 M-1 towards several size-matched, rod-shaped organic dications in water. Besides, its conformation exhibits good adaptability, allowing it to encapsulate a wide range of other guests with diverse molecular sizes, shapes, and functionalities, exhibiting relatively strong affinities (Ka =106 -108 M-1 ). Additionally, we've explored the preliminary application of SC[5]A in alleviating blood coagulation induced by hexadimethrine bromide in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the combination of ultrahigh binding affinities (towards complementary guests) and adaptive recognition capability (towards a wide range of functional guests) of SC[5]A positions it as exceptionally valuable for numerous practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Bo Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Ying Deng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Han
- College of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Dai-Yuan Li
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Bo Jing
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihang Song
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
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8
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Zhang L, Xu Y, Wei W. Water-soluble organic macrocycles based on dye chromophores and their applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13562-13570. [PMID: 37901908 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditional water-soluble organic macrocyclic receptors generally lack photofunctionality, thus monitoring the drug delivery and the phototheranostic applications of these host-guest macrocyclic systems has been greatly restricted. To address this issue, incorporating π-conjugated dye chromophores as building blocks into macrocyclic molecules is a straightforward and promising strategy. This approach not only imparts intrinsic optical features to the macrocycles themselves but also enhances the host-guest binding ability due to the large planar structures of the dyes. In this feature article, we focus on recent advances in water-soluble macrocyclic compounds based on organic dye chromophores, such as naphthalimide (NDI), perylene diimides (PDI), azobenzene (azo), tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and anthracene, and provide an overview of their various applications including molecular recognition, drug release, biological imaging, photothermal therapy, etc. We hope that this article could be helpful and instructive for the design of water-soluble dye-based macrocycles and the further development of their biomedical applications, particularly in combination with drug therapy and phototheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yanqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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9
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Fu R, Zhao QY, Han H, Li WL, Chen FY, Tang C, Zhang W, Guo SD, Li DY, Geng WC, Guo DS, Cai K. A Chiral Emissive Conjugated Macrocycle for High-Affinity and Highly Enantioselective Recognition in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315990. [PMID: 37917047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurately distinguishing between enantiomeric molecules is a fundamental challenge in the field of chemistry. However, there is still significant room for improvement in both the enantiomeric selectivity (KR(S) /KS(R) ) and binding strength of most reported macrocyclic chiral receptors to meet the demands of practical application scenarios. Herein, we synthesized a water-soluble conjugated tubular host-namely, corral[4]BINOL-using a chiral 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) derivative as the repeating unit. The conjugated chiral backbone endows corral[4]BINOL with good fluorescent emission (QY=34 % ) and circularly polarized luminescence (|glum | up to 1.4×10-3 ) in water. Notably, corral[4]BINOL exhibits high recognition affinity up to 8.6×1010 M-1 towards achiral guests in water, and manifested excellent enantioselectivity up to 18.7 towards chiral substrates, both of which represent the highest values observed among chiral macrocycles in aqueous solution. The ultrastrong binding strength, outstanding enantioselectivity, and facile accessibility, together with the superior fluorescent and chiroptical properties, endow corral[4]BINOL with great potential for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wen-Li Li
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Si-Dan Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dai-Yuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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10
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Soto MA, Carta V, Suzana I, Patrick BO, Lelj F, MacLachlan MJ. Cycling a Tether into Multiple Rings: Pt-Bridged Macrocycles for Differentiated Guest Recognition, Pseudorotaxane Transformations, and Guest Capture and Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216029. [PMID: 36426408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrocycle engineering is a key topic in supramolecular chemistry. When synthesizing a ring, one can obtain either complex mixtures of macrocycles of different sizes or a single ring if a template is utilized. Here, we unite these approaches along with post-synthetic modifications to transform a single tether into multiple rings-up to five per tether. The macrocycles contain two bridged phenylpyridine ligands that are connected through a Pt atom, which defines the rings' shape, size, and host activity. All rings undergo redox reactions (between PtII and PtIV ) that allow for large conformational changes. Their reactivity, together with their host performance, is a convenient way to control the capture and release of guests, to mediate ring transformations, and to control pseudorotaxane-to-pseudorotaxane conversions. This novel approach could serve to assemble other libraries of small ring molecules, create cyclic polymers bridged by responsive-at-metal nodes, and produce processable mechanically interlocked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Soto
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ingrid Suzana
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Francesco Lelj
- La.M.I. and LaSCAMM INSTM Sezione Basilicata, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Basilicata, via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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