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Saladin L, Breton V, Le Berruyer V, Nazac P, Lequeu T, Didier P, Danglot L, Collot M. Targeted Photoconvertible BODIPYs Based on Directed Photooxidation-Induced Conversion for Applications in Photoconversion and Live Super-Resolution Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17456-17473. [PMID: 38861358 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Photomodulable fluorescent probes are drawing increasing attention due to their applications in advanced bioimaging. Whereas photoconvertible probes can be advantageously used in tracking, photoswitchable probes constitute key tools for single-molecule localization microscopy to perform super-resolution imaging. Herein, we shed light on a red and far-red BODIPY, namely, BDP-576 and BDP-650, which possess both properties of conversion and switching. Our study demonstrates that these pyrrolyl-BODIPYs convert into typical green- and red-emitting BODIPYs that are perfectly adapted to microscopy. We also showed that this pyrrolyl-BODIPYs undergo Directed Photooxidation Induced Conversion, a photoconversion mechanism that we recently introduced, where the pyrrole moiety plays a central role. These unique features were used to develop targeted photoconvertible probes toward different organelles or subcellular units (plasma membrane, mitochondria, nucleus, actin, Golgi apparatus, etc.) using chemical targeting moieties and a Halo tag. We notably showed that BDP-650 could be used to track intracellular vesicles over more than 20 min in two-color imagings with laser scanning confocal microscopy, demonstrating its robustness. The switching properties of these photoconverters were studied at the single-molecule level and were then successfully used in live single-molecule localization microscopy in epithelial cells and neurons. Both membrane- and mitochondria- targeted probes could be used to decipher membrane 3D architecture and mitochondrial dynamics at the nanoscale. This study builds a bridge between the photoconversion and photoswitching properties of probes undergoing directed photooxidation and shows the versatility and efficacy of this mechanism in advanced live imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazare Saladin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Victor Breton
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain team; NeurImag core facility scientific director, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Valentine Le Berruyer
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Chemistry of Photoresponsive Systems, Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST) UMR 7199, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Paul Nazac
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain team; NeurImag core facility scientific director, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thiebault Lequeu
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in healthy and Diseased brain team; NeurImag core facility scientific director, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Chemistry of Photoresponsive Systems, Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST) UMR 7199, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67400 Illkirch, France
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Lu L, Wu B, He X, Zhao F, Feng X, Wang D, Qiu Z, Han T, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Multiple photofluorochromic luminogens via catalyst-free alkene oxidative cleavage photoreaction for dynamic 4D codes encryption. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4647. [PMID: 38821919 PMCID: PMC11143217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Controllable photofluorochromic systems with high contrast and multicolor in both solutions and solid states are ideal candidates for the development of dynamic artificial intelligence. However, it is still challenging to realize multiple photochromism within one single molecule, not to mention good controllability. Herein, we report an aggregation-induced emission luminogen TPE-2MO2NT that undergoes oxidation cleavage upon light irradiation and is accompanied by tunable multicolor emission from orange to blue with time-dependence. The photocleavage mechanism revealed that the self-generation of reactive oxidants driving the catalyst-free oxidative cleavage process. A comprehensive analysis of TPE-2MO2NT and other comparative molecules demonstrates that the TPE-2MO2NT molecular scaffold can be easily modified and extended. Further, the multicolor microenvironmental controllability of TPE-2MO2NT photoreaction within polymer matrices enables the fabrication of dynamic fluorescence images and 4D information codes, providing strategies for advanced controllable information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xinyuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xing Feng
- School of Material and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Zheng Zhao
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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Li H, Wang J, Jiao L, Hao E. BODIPY-based photocages: rational design and their biomedical application. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5770-5789. [PMID: 38752310 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01412j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Photocages, also known as photoactivated protective groups (PPGs), have been utilized to achieve controlled release of target molecules in a non-invasive and spatiotemporal manner. In the past decade, BODIPY fluorophores, a well-established class of fluorescent dyes, have emerged as a novel type of photoactivated protective group capable of efficiently releasing cargo species upon irradiation. This is due to their exceptional properties, including high molar absorption coefficients, resistance to photochemical and thermal degradation, multiple modification sites, favorable uncaging quantum yields, and highly adjustable spectral properties. Compared to traditional photocages that mainly absorb UV light, BODIPY-based photocages that absorb visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) light offer advantages such as deeper tissue penetration and reduced bio-autofluorescence, making them highly suitable for various biomedical applications. Consequently, different types of photoactivated protective groups based on the BODIPY skeleton have been established. This highlight provides a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed to construct BODIPY photocages by substituting leaving groups at different positions within the BODIPY fluorophore, including the meso-methyl position, boron position, 2,6-position, and 3,5-position. Furthermore, the application of these BODIPY photocages in biomedical fields, such as fluorescence imaging and controlled release of active species, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Medicinal and Food Homologous Natural Resources Exploration, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Erhong Hao
- Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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4
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Fan K, Zhang L, Zhong Q, Xiang Y, Xu B, Wang Y. Acceptor-donor-acceptor-type molecules with large electrostatic potential difference for effective NIR photothermal therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5140-5149. [PMID: 38712564 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00187g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Although acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A)-type molecules offer advantages in constructing NIR absorbing photothermal agents (PTAs) due to their strong intramolecular charge transfer and molecular planarity, their applications in photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors remain insufficiently explored. In particular, the influence of ESP distribution on the optical properties of A-D-A photosensitizers has not been investigated. Herein, we analyze and compare the difference in ESP distribution between A-D-A-type small molecules and polymers to construct NIR absorbing PTAs with a high extinction coefficient (ε) and high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE). The calculation results of density functional theory (DFT) indicate that the large ESP difference makes A-D-A-type small molecules superior to their polymer counterparts in realizing tight molecular packing and strong NIR absorbance. Among the as-prepared nanoparticles (NPs), Y6 NPs exhibited an obvious bathochromic shift of absorption peak from 711 nm to 822 nm, with the NIR-II emission extended to 1400 nm. Moreover, a high ε value of 5.69 L g-1 cm-1 and a PCE of 66.3% were attained, making Y6 NPs suitable for PTT. With a concentration of 100 μg mL-1, Y6 NPs in aqueous dispersion yielded a death rate of 93.4% for 4T1 cells upon 808 nm laser irradiation (1 W cm-2) for 10 min, which is comparable with the best results of recently reported PTT agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ludan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Qinqiu Zhong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yanhe Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yuguang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Cui L, Furuta R, Harada T, Konta T, Hoshino Y, Ono T. Simultaneous discovery of chiral and achiral dyes: elucidating the optical functions of helical and flag-hinged boron tetradentate complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9183-9191. [PMID: 38742609 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01172d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The construction of novel complexes can lead to the manifestation of unexpected structures and properties, thereby making chemical exploration in experiments a potential source for novel discoveries. In this study, by reacting 6,6'-dihydrazineyl-2,2'-bipyridine with acyl chlorides and subsequently coordinating with boron trifluoride, two different boron-tetradentate ligand complexes were simultaneously generated. One of these complexes exhibited a unique structure in which tetra-BF2 moieties coordinated to all four coordination sites of the ligand molecule, forming a flag-hinged structure around the bipyridine part. The second complex featured a helical structure formed by the hybridization of two BF2 and one B-O-B moieties, representing a highly unusual form of the complex. The structures of these two boron complexes were consistently observed when various substituted acyl chlorides were employed. Furthermore, it was found that enhancing electron-donor properties could induce a redshift in emissions. Utilizing the dimethylamino group as the proton receptor promoted a yellow-to-blue fluorescence switch in the tetra-BF2 complex and an OFF/ON fluorescence in the B-O-B bridged complex upon protonation. The helical chirality observed in the latter complex resulted in stable (P)/(M)-enantiomers after optical resolution. This complex exhibited circular dichroism with a |gabs| of up to 1.2 × 10-2 and circularly polarized luminescence with a |glum| on the order of 10-3 in solution and polymer film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Cui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Furuta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Takunori Harada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita City 870-1192, Japan
| | - Takeru Konta
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita City 870-1192, Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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6
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Otero-González J, Querini-Sanguillén W, Torres-Mendoza D, Yevdayev I, Yunayev S, Nahar K, Yoo B, Greer A, Fuentealba D, Robinson-Duggon J. On the mechanism of visible-light sensitized photosulfoxidation of toluidine blue O. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:772-781. [PMID: 38100182 DOI: 10.1111/php.13882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We report on the formation of toluidine blue O (TBO) sulfoxide by a self-sensitized photooxidation of TBO. Here, the photosulfoxidation process was studied by mass spectrometry (MS) and discussed in the context of photodemethylation processes which both contribute to TBO consumption over time. Analysis of solvent effects with D2O, H2O, and CH3CN along with product yields and MS fragmentation patterns provided mechanistic insight into TBO sulfoxide's formation. The formation of TBO sulfoxide is minor and detectable up to 12% after irradiation of 3 h. The photosulfoxidation process is dependent on oxygen wherein instead of a type II (singlet oxygen, 1O2) reaction, a type I reaction involving TBO to reach the TBO sulfoxide is consistent with the results. Density functional theory results point to the formation of the TBO sulfoxide by the oxidation of TBO via transiently formed peroxyl radical or thiadioxirane intermediates. We discover that the TBO photosulfoxidation arises competitively with TBO photodemethylation with the latter leading to formaldehyde formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Otero-González
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Panamá, Panama
| | - Whitney Querini-Sanguillén
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Panamá, Panama
| | - Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Panamá, Panama
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Panamá, Panama
- Universidad de Panamá, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Panamá, Panama
| | - Ikhil Yevdayev
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Sharon Yunayev
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Barney Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Denis Fuentealba
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Fotobiología, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Robinson-Duggon
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Panamá, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT), Panamá, Panama
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Huang Y, Chang M, Gao X, Fang J, Ding W, Liu J, Shen B, Zhang X. NRhFluors: Quantitative Revealing the Interaction between Protein Homeostasis and Mitochondria Dysfunction via Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:842-851. [PMID: 38680572 PMCID: PMC11046461 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Degenerative diseases are closely related to the changes of protein conformation beyond the steady state. The development of feasible tools for quantitative detection of changes in the cellular environment is crucial for investigating the process of protein conformational variations. Here, we have developed a near-infrared AIE probe based on the rhodamine fluorophore, which exhibits dual responses of fluorescence intensity and lifetime to local viscosity changes. Notably, computational analysis reveals that NRhFluors fluorescence activation is due to inhibition of the RACI mechanism in viscous environment. In the chemical regulation of rhodamine fluorophores, we found that variations of electron density distribution can effectively regulate CI states and achieve fluorescence sensitivity of NRhFluors. In addition, combined with the AggTag method, the lifetime of probe A9-Halo exhibits a positive correlation with viscosity changes. This analytical capacity allows us to quantitatively monitor protein conformational changes using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction leads to reduced protein expression in HEK293 cells. In summary, this work developed a set of near-infrared AIE probes activated by the RACI mechanism, which can quantitatively detect cell viscosity and protein aggregation formation, providing a versatile tool for exploring disease-related biological processes and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Huang
- School
of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meiyi Chang
- School
of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaochen Gao
- School
of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiabao Fang
- School
of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenjing Ding
- School
of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiachen Liu
- School
of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Baoxing Shen
- School
of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang China
- Westlake
Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang China
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8
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Tian M, Wu R, Xiang C, Niu G, Guan W. Recent Advances in Fluorescent Probes for Cancer Biomarker Detection. Molecules 2024; 29:1168. [PMID: 38474680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Many important biological species have been identified as cancer biomarkers and are gradually becoming reliable targets for early diagnosis and late therapeutic evaluation of cancer. However, accurate quantitative detection of cancer biomarkers remains challenging due to the complexity of biological systems and the diversity of cancer development. Fluorescent probes have been extensively utilized for identifying biological substances due to their notable benefits of being non-invasive, quickly responsive, highly sensitive and selective, allowing real-time visualization, and easily modifiable. This review critiques fluorescent probes used for detecting and imaging cancer biomarkers over the last five years. Focuses are made on the design strategies of small-molecule and nano-sized fluorescent probes, the construction methods of fluorescence sensing and imaging platforms, and their further applications in detection of multiple biomarkers, including enzymes, reactive oxygen species, reactive sulfur species, and microenvironments. This review aims to guide the design and development of excellent cancer diagnostic fluorescent probes, and promote the broad application of fluorescence analysis in early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingce Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Institute of Smart Energy, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Riliga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Caihong Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangle Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weijiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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9
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Shang Y, Li Z, Zhu Z, Guo L, Wu Q, Guo X, Zhang L, Yu C, Hao E, Jiao L. Strategic Construction of meso-Aryl-Substituted N,N-Carbonyl-Bridged Dipyrrinones as Small, Bright, and Tunable Fluorophores. Org Lett 2024; 26:1573-1578. [PMID: 38334420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel N,N-carbonyl-bridged dipyrrinone fluorophores have been directly constructed from α-halogenated dipyrrinones, which are conveniently obtained from the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of readily available α,α'-dihalodipyrrins. This novel methodology affords efficient modulation of the functional groups at both the meso- and α-positions of this fluorophore. These resultant dyes show tunable absorption and emission wavelengths, good molar absorption coefficients, relatively large Stokes shifts, and excellent fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.99, and have been successfully applied in both one- and two-photon fluorescence microscopy imaging in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Shang
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhongxin Li
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zhu
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Luying Guo
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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10
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Kang Z, Bu W, Guo X, Wang L, Wu Q, Cao J, Wang H, Yu C, Gao J, Hao E, Jiao L. Synthesis and Properties of Bright Red-to-NIR BODIPY Dyes for Targeting Fluorescence Imaging and Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3402-3410. [PMID: 38330908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 3-pyrrolylBODIPY dyes has been developed from a rational mixture of various aromatic aldehydes and pyrrole in a straightforward condensation reaction, followed by in situ successively oxidative nucleophilic substitution using a one-pot strategy. These resultant 3-pyrrolylBODIPYs without blocking substituents not only exhibit the finely tunable photophysical properties induced by the flexible meso-aryl substituents but also serve as a valuable synthetic framework for further selective functionalization. As a proof of such potential, one 3-pyrrolylBODIPY dye (581/603 nm) through the installation of the morpholine group is applicable for lysosome-targeting imaging. Furthermore, an ethene-bridged 3,3'-dipyrrolylBODIPY dimer was constructed, which displayed a near-infrared (NIR) emission extended to 1200 nm with a large fluorescence brightness (2840 M-1 cm-1). The corresponding dimer nanoparticles (NPs) afforded a high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 72.5%, eventually resulting in favorable photocytotoxicity (IC50 = 9.4 μM) and efficient in vitro eradication of HeLa cells under 808 nm laser irradiation, highlighting their potential application for photothermal therapy in the NIR window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxin Kang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Weibin Bu
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Long Wang
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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11
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Zhang W, Lv Y, Huo F, Yun Y, Yin C. Photoactivation Inducing Multifunctional Coupling of Fluorophore for Efficient Tumor Therapy In Situ. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314021. [PMID: 38359076 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Photoactivatable molecules, with high-precision spatialtemporal control, have largely promoted bioimaging and phototherapy applications of fluorescent dyes. Here, the first photoactivatable sensor (BI) is described that can be triggered by broad excitation light (405-660 nm), which further undergoes intersystem crossing and H-atom transfer processes to forming superoxide anion radicals (O2 -• ) and carbon radicals. Particularly, the photoinduced gain of carbon-centered radicals (BI•) allows for radical-radical coupling to afford the combined crosslink product (BI─BI), which would be oxidized in the presence of O2 -• to produce an extended conjugate system with near infrared emission (820 nm). Besides, the photochemically generated product (Cy─BI) possesses ultra-high photothermal conversion efficiency up to 90.9%, which optimized phototherapy potential. What's more, Western Blot assay reveals that both BI and the photoproduct Cy─BI can efficiently inhibit the expression of CHK1, and the irradiation of BI and Cy─BI further induces apoptosis and ultimately enhances the phototherapeutic effects. Thus, the combination of cell cycle block inducing apoptosis, photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy treatments significantly suppress solid tumor in vivo antitumor efficacy explorations. This is a novel finding in developing photoactivatable molecules, as well as the broad applicability of photoimaging and phototherapy in tumor-related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
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12
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Wang Y, Yang X, Lu X, Cao X, Ao L, Ma L, Shen C, Fu Y, Yang Y. BODIPY-labeled aptasensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the quencher for "off-on" detection of catechin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123597. [PMID: 37925958 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A low-cost and simple boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-labeled aptasensor (B-aptamer) was designed for rapid, sensitive and turn-on catechin detection. B-aptamer as signal indicator and recognition element initially stacked on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via π-π conjugation, resulting in efficient quenching of the fluorescence of the aptasensor. Upon addition of catechin, catechin was adsorbed to B-aptamer, thereby undergoing a conformational change to form B-aptamer/catechin complex, which prompted the release of the signaling probe from the surface of MWCNTs. Hence, the fluorescence intensity (FL) of the B-aptamer was increasing with the increase of catechin concentrations with the limit of detection (LOD) of 5 ng/mL. Furthermore, the method was used to analyze catechin in food samples with the recovery rate of 92.7-107.1 %. This method provided a proper analysis method for clinical analysis and pharmaceutical quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xueting Lu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaonian Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou 646000, PR China; Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Ling Ao
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou 646000, PR China; Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Lele Ma
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Caihong Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou 646000, PR China; Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd, Luzhou 646000, PR China
| | - Yongqian Fu
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, PR China.
| | - Yaqiong Yang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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13
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Wei H, Xie M, Chen M, Jiang Q, Wang T, Xing P. Shedding light on cellular dynamics: the progress in developing photoactivated fluorophores. Analyst 2024; 149:689-699. [PMID: 38180167 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Photoactivated fluorophores (PAFs) are highly effective imaging tools that exhibit a removal of caging groups upon light excitation, resulting in the restoration of their bright fluorescence. This unique property allows for precise control over the spatiotemporal aspects of small molecule substances, making them indispensable for studying protein labeling and small molecule signaling within live cells. In this comprehensive review, we explore the historical background of this field and emphasize recent advancements based on various reaction mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss the structures and applications of the PAFs. We firmly believe that the development of more novel PAFs will provide powerful tools to dynamically investigate cells and expand the applications of these techniques into new domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Mingli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Qinhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Tenghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Panfei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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14
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Hu X, Zhu C, Sun F, Chen Z, Zou J, Chen X, Yang Z. J-Aggregation Strategy toward Potentiated NIR-II Fluorescence Bioimaging of Molecular Fluorophores. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304848. [PMID: 37526997 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular fluorophores emitting in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) window with strong optical harvesting and high quantum yields hold great potential for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging and high-resolution biosensing. Recently, J-aggregates are harnessed to engineer long-wavelength NIR-II emitters and show unique superiority in tumor detection, vessel mapping, surgical navigation, and phototheranostics due to their bathochromic-shifted optical bands in the required slip-stacked arrangement aggregation state. However, despite the preliminary progress of NIR-II J-aggregates and theoretical study of structure-property relationships, further paradigms of NIR-II J-aggregates remain scarce due to the lack of study on aggregated fluorophores with slip-stacked fashion. In this effort, how to utilize the specific molecular structure to form slip-stacked packing motifs with J-type aggregated exciton coupling is emphatically elucidated. First, several molecular regulating strategies to achieve NIR-II J-aggregates containing intermolecular interactions and external conditions are positively summarized and deeply analyzed. Then, the recent reports on J-aggregates for NIR-II bioimaging and theranostics are systematically summarized to provide a clear reference and direction for promoting the development of NIR-II organic fluorophores. Eventually, the prospective efforts on ameliorating and promoting NIR-II J-aggregates to further clinical practices are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Caijun Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Fengwei Sun
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Zejing Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhen Yang
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
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15
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Buguis FL, Hsu NSY, Sirohey SA, Adam MC, Goncharova LV, Gilroy JB. Dyads and Triads of Boron Difluoride Formazanate and Boron Difluoride Dipyrromethene Dyes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302548. [PMID: 37725661 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Dye-dye conjugates have attracted significant interest for their utility in applications such as bioimaging, theranostics, and light-harvesting. Many classes of organic dyes have been employed in this regard; however, building blocks don't typically extend beyond small chromophores. This can lead to minor changes to the optoelectronic properties of the original dye. The exploration of dye-dye structures is impeded by long synthetic routes, incompatible synthetic conditions, or a mismatch of the desired properties. Here, we present the first-of-their-kind dye-dye conjugates of boron difluoride complexes of formazanate and dipyrromethene ligands. These conjugates exhibit dual photoluminescence bands that reach the near-infrared spectral region and implicate anti-Kasha processes. Cyclic voltammetry experiments revealed the generation of polyanionic species that can reversibly tolerate the uptake of up to 6 electrons. Ultimately, we demonstrate that BF2 formazanates can serve as a synthetically accessible platform to build upon new classes of dye-dye conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis L Buguis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Nathan Sung Y Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sofia A Sirohey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Matheus C Adam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lyudmila V Goncharova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Joe B Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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16
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Zuo H, Wu Q, Guo X, Kang Z, Gao J, Wei Y, Yu C, Jiao L, Hao E. Tuning of Redox Potentials and LUMO Levels of BODIPYs via Site-Selective Direct Cyanation. Org Lett 2023; 25:8150-8155. [PMID: 37921615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Through a strong oxidant Pb(OAc)4 promoted oxidative nucleophilic hydrogen substitution, site-selective direct and stepwise cyanation of BODIPYs using tetrabutylammonium cyanide was developed to give α-cyanated BODIPY derivatives. Characterization of optical and electrochemical properties of these dyes provides substantial enhancement of the electron affinity, with a reduction potential and LUMO level as low as -0.04 V and -4.43 eV, respectively. Radical anions of these electron-deficient 3,5-dicyanated BODIPYs were characterized by absorption and EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiquan Zuo
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhengxin Kang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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17
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Shao C, Gong X, Zhang D, Jiang XD, Du J, Wang G. Aza-BODIPY with two efficacious fragments for NIR light-driven photothermal therapy by triggering cancer cell apoptosis. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10625-10631. [PMID: 37920935 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02132g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The reasonable structure of aza-BODIPY renders it as an efficient photothermal reagent for photothermal therapy. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of aza-BODIPY NMeBu with the free rotating tert-butyl group and the dimethylamino-substituted segment to promote the photothermal conversion via the excited state non-radiative transition. NMeBu was found to be the π-π stacking form in the unit cell based on X-ray analysis. NMeBu-NPs by self-assembly possessed a near-infrared absorption (λabs = 772 nm), and once activated by near-infrared light, the photothermal efficiency in aqueous solution can reach 49.3%. NMeBu-NPs can penetrate the cell and trigger cell death via the apoptosis pathway under low concentration and low light power irradiation, thereby avoiding dark toxicity. Aza-BODIPY created using this procedure has excellent photothermal efficiency and could serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of cancer cells and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Shao
- Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiuyan Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Dongxiang Zhang
- Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xin-Dong Jiang
- Liaoning & Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Guiling Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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18
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Removski N, Wolf MO. The unexpected effect of ferrocenyl substituents on the photochemistry of dianthryl sulfoxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13006-13009. [PMID: 37830327 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of ferrocenyl substituted dianthryl sulfoxide results in photochemical reaction products that differ from all known compounds of this class. This is enabled by energy transfer to a low-lying state, even in the case of the oxidized ferrocenium-containing compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Removski
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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19
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Wang D, Wang L, Guo X, Zhang X, Ma J, Kang Z, Li ZY, Jiao L, Hao E. Visible-Light-Induced Direct Photoamination of BODIPY Dyes with Aqueous Ammonia. Org Lett 2023; 25:7650-7655. [PMID: 37830791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
By taking advantage of their strong absorption ability, visible-light-induced direct photoamination of BODIPY dyes with aqueous ammonia was developed to give structurally diverse α-amino BODIPYs. The excited state of BODIPYs possessed higher electron affinity than the ground state and thus showed largely enhanced reactivity toward weak nucleophile of ammonia. Those α-amino BODIPYs are valuable synthetic intermediates and have been successfully demonstrated in several post-transformation reactions. The work indicates that photoreaction is an excellent alternative to conventional functionalization of this popular fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
- School of Science, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Long Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xiankang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Juan Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Zhengxin Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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20
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Yu C, Sun Y, Wu Q, Shi Y, Jiao L, Wang J, Guo X, Li J, Li J, Hao E. Synthesis, Properties, and Semiconducting Characteristics of Bisbenzothieno[ b]-Fused BODIPYs. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14368-14376. [PMID: 37792439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel family of bisbenzothieno[b]-fused BODIPYs containing seven fused aromatic rings has been developed from readily available benzothieo[3,2-b]pyrroles through an efficient two-step synthetic route, exhibiting planar skeletons with excellent photostabilities, deep-red absorptions, and near-infrared emissions (up to 753 nm). Importantly, the thin-film transistors based on BTB with a meso-dimethylamino-phenyl group exhibit unipolar n-type charge transporting characteristics with a high electron mobility of 0.013 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
- Postdoctoral Research Center of Suntex TEXTILE Technology Co, Ltd., Wuhu, Anhui 241200, China
| | - Yingzhu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Jinjun Wang
- College of Food & Biological Engineering, Yantai Institute of Technology, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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21
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Samanta S, Lai K, Wu F, Liu Y, Cai S, Yang X, Qu J, Yang Z. Xanthene, cyanine, oxazine and BODIPY: the four pillars of the fluorophore empire for super-resolution bioimaging. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7197-7261. [PMID: 37743716 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00905f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of biological research, the invention of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has enabled the visualization of ultrafine sub-cellular structures and their functions in live cells at the nano-scale level, beyond the diffraction limit, which has opened up a new window for advanced biomedical studies to unravel the complex unknown details of physiological disorders at the sub-cellular level with unprecedented resolution and clarity. However, most of the SRM techniques are highly reliant on the personalized special photophysical features of the fluorophores. In recent times, there has been an unprecedented surge in the development of robust new fluorophore systems with personalized features for various super-resolution imaging techniques. To date, xanthene, cyanine, oxazine and BODIPY cores have been authoritatively utilized as the basic fluorophore units in most of the small-molecule-based organic fluorescent probe designing strategies for SRM owing to their excellent photophysical characteristics and easy synthetic acquiescence. Since the future of next-generation SRM studies will be decided by the availability of advanced fluorescent probes and these four fluorescent building blocks will play an important role in progressive new fluorophore design, there is an urgent need to review the recent advancements in designing fluorophores for different SRM methods based on these fluorescent dye cores. This review article not only includes a comprehensive discussion about the recent developments in designing fluorescent probes for various SRM techniques based on these four important fluorophore building blocks with special emphasis on their effective integration into live cell super-resolution bio-imaging applications but also critically evaluates the background of each of the fluorescent dye cores to highlight their merits and demerits towards developing newer fluorescent probes for SRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Samanta
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Kaitao Lai
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Feihu Wu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Yingchao Liu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Songtao Cai
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xusan Yang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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22
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Tomassini A, Singh AK, Raymo FM. Photoactivatable Fluorophores for Bioimaging Applications. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:640-651. [PMID: 37601830 PMCID: PMC10437147 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable fluorophores provide the opportunity to switch fluorescence on exclusively in a selected area within a sample of interest at a precise interval of time. Such a level of spatiotemporal fluorescence control enables the implementation of imaging schemes to monitor dynamic events in real time and visualize structural features with nanometer resolution. These transformative imaging methods are contributing fundamental insights on diverse cellular processes with profound implications in biology and medicine. Current photoactivatable fluorophores, however, become emissive only after the activation event, preventing the acquisition of fluorescence images and, hence, the visualization of the sample prior to activation. We developed a family of photoactivatable fluorophores capable of interconverting between emissive states with spectrally resolved fluorescence, instead of switching from a nonemissive state to an emissive one. We demonstrated that our compounds allow the real-time monitoring of molecules diffusing across the cellular blastoderm of developing embryos as well as of polymer beads translocating along the intestinal tract of live nematodes. Additionally, they also permit the tracking of single molecules in the lysosomal compartments of live cells and the visualization of these organelles with nanometer resolution. Indeed, our photoactivatable fluorophores may evolve into invaluable analytical tools for the investigation of the fundamental factors regulating the functions and structures of cells at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Program of Polymer and Color Chemistry, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Andrea Tomassini
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Tomassini A, Singh AK, Raymo FM. Photoactivatable BODIPYs for Live-Cell PALM. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062447. [PMID: 36985424 PMCID: PMC10057988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) relies on fluorescence photoactivation and single-molecule localization to overcome optical diffraction and reconstruct images of biological samples with spatial resolution at the nanoscale. The implementation of this subdiffraction imaging method, however, requires fluorescent probes with photochemical and photophysical properties specifically engineered to enable the localization of single photoactivated molecules with nanometer precision. The synthetic versatility and outstanding photophysical properties of the borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore are ideally suited to satisfy these stringent requirements. Specifically, synthetic manipulations of the BODIPY scaffold can be invoked to install photolabile functional groups and photoactivate fluorescence under photochemical control. Additionally, targeting ligands can be incorporated in the resulting photoactivatable fluorophores (PAFs) to label selected subcellular components in live cells. Indeed, photoactivatable BODIPYs have already allowed the sub-diffraction imaging of diverse cellular substructures in live cells using PALM and can evolve into invaluable analytical probes for bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Program of Polymer and Color Chemistry, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (F.M.R.)
| | - Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
| | - Andrea Tomassini
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
| | - Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (F.M.R.)
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Saladin L, Dal Pra O, Klymchenko AS, Didier P, Collot M. Tuning Directed Photooxidation-Induced Conversion of Pyrrole-Based Styryl Coumarin Dual-Color Photoconverters. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203933. [PMID: 36719328 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dual-emissive photoconvertible fluorophores (DPCFs) are powerful tools to unambiguously track labeled cells in bioimaging. We recently introduced a new rational mechanism called directed photooxidation-induced conversion (DPIC) enabling efficient DPCFs to be obtained by conjugating a coumarin to aromatic singlet-oxygen reactive moieties (ASORMs). Pyrrole was found to be a suitable ASORM as it provided a high hypsochromic shift along with a fast and efficient conversion. By synthesizing various pyrrole-based styryl coumarin dyes, we showed that the photoconversion properties, including the quantum yield of photoconversion and the chemical yield of conversion can be tuned by chemical modification of the pyrrole. These modifications led to an improved dual emissive converter, SCP-Boc, which displayed a high brightness and an enhanced photoconversion yield of 63 %. SCP-Boc was successfully used to sequentially photoconvert cells by laser scanning confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazare Saladin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ophélie Dal Pra
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Pascal Didier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies UMR 7021, CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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