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Guo Y, Yang X, Sun R, Hu X, Shu C, Yang X, Gao H, Wang X, Tan B. A Dual-Active Covalent Triazine Framework Film for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Peroxide Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403743. [PMID: 38973074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production from water and oxygen offers a clean and sustainable alternative to the conventional energy-intensive anthraquinone oxidation method. Compared to powdered covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), the film morphology of CTFs provides better connectivity in 2D, yielding several advantages: more efficient connections between active sites, reduced electron-hole pair recombination, increased resistance to superoxide radical induced corrosion, and decreased light scattering. Leveraging these benefits, it has incorporated dual active sites for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the water oxidation reaction (WOR) into a CTF film system. This dual-active CTF film demonstrated an exceptional hydrogen peroxide production rate of 19 460 µmol h⁻¹ m⁻2 after 1 h and 17 830 µmol h⁻¹ m⁻2 after 5 h under visible light irradiation (≥420 nm) without the need for sacrificial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoju Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xunliang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chang Shu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bien Tan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Hao J, Tang Y, Qu J, Cai Y, Yang X, Hu J. Robust Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photosynthesis of H 2O 2: Advancements, Challenges and Strategies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404139. [PMID: 38970540 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Since 2020, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as robust catalysts for the photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), benefiting from their distinct advantages. However, the current efficiency of H2O2 production and solar-to-chemical energy conversion efficiency (SCC) remain suboptimal due to various constraints in the reaction mechanism. Therefore, there is an imperative to propose efficiency improvement strategies to accelerate the development of this reaction system. This comprehensive review delineates recent advances, challenges, and strategies in utilizing COFs for photocatalytic H2O2 production. It explores the fundamentals and challenges (e.g., oxygen (O2) mass transfer rate, O2 adsorption capacity, response to sunlight, electron-hole separation efficiency, charge transfer efficiency, selectivity, and H2O2 desorption) associated with this process, as well as the advantages, applications, classification, and preparation strategies of COFs for this purpose. Various strategies to enhance the performance of COFs in H2O2 production are highlighted. The review aims to stimulate further advancements in utilizing COFs for photocatalytic H2O2 production and discusses potential prospects, challenges, and application areas in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehui Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yanqi Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jiafu Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yahui Cai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jundie Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Das P, Chakraborty G, Friese N, Roeser J, Prinz C, Emmerling F, Schmidt J, Thomas A. Heteropolyaromatic Covalent Organic Frameworks via One-Pot Multicomponent Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17131-17139. [PMID: 38875002 PMCID: PMC11212053 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer a platform to create different chemical structures and linkages for highly stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs). As an illustrative example, the multicomponent Povarov reaction generates 2,4-phenylquinoline from aldehydes and amines in the presence of electron-rich alkenes. In this study, we introduce a new domino reaction to generate unprecedented 2,3-phenylquinoline COFs in the presence of epoxystyrene. This work thus presents, for the first time, structural isomeric COFs produced by multicomponent domino and Povarov reactions. Furthermore, 2,3-phenylquinolines can undergo a Scholl reaction to form extended aromatic linkages. With this approach, we synthesize two thermally and chemically stable MCR-COFs and two heteropolyaromatic COFs using both domino and in situ domino and Scholl reactions. The structure and properties of these COFs are compared with the corresponding 2,4-phenylquinoline-linked COF and imine-COF, and their activity toward benzene and cyclohexane sorption and separation is investigated. The position of the pendant phenyl groups within the COF pore plays a crucial role in facilitating the industrially important sorption and separation of benzene over cyclohexane. This study opens a new avenue to construct heteropolyaromatic COFs via MCR reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Das
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gouri Chakraborty
- BAM
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Friese
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Prinz
- BAM
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Xu T, Wang Z, Zhang W, An S, Wei L, Guo S, Huang Y, Jiang S, Zhu M, Zhang YB, Zhu WH. Constructing Photocatalytic Covalent Organic Frameworks with Aliphatic Linkers. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38842422 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are typically constructed with rigid aromatic linkers for crystallinity and extended π-conjugation. However, the essential hydrophobicity of the aromatic backbone can limit their performances in water-based photocatalytic reactions. Here, we for the first time report the synthesis of hydrophilic COFs with aliphatic linkers [tartaric acid dihydrazide (TAH) and butanedioic acid dihydrazide] that can function as efficient photocatalysts for H2O2 and H2 evolution. In these hydrophilic aliphatic linkers, the specific multiple hydrogen bonding networks not only enhance crystallization but also ensure an ideal compatibility of crystallinity, hydrophilicity, and light harvesting. The resulting aliphatic linker COFs adopt an unusual ABC stacking, giving rise to approximately 0.6 nm nanopores with an improved interaction with water guests. Remarkably, both aliphatic linker-based COFs show strong visible light absorption, along with a narrow optical band gap of ∼1.9 eV. The H2O2 evolution rate for TAH-COF reaches up to 6003 μmol h-1 g-1, in the absence of sacrificial agents, surpassing the performance of all previously reported COF-based photocatalysts. Theoretical calculations reveal that the TAH linker can enhance the indirect two-electron oxygen reduction reaction for H2O2 production by improving the O2 adsorption and stabilizing the *OOH intermediate. This study opens a new avenue for constructing semiconducting COFs using nonaromatic linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuhao An
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shaomeng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yue-Biao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Liu Q, Huang Y, Ye YX. Construction of Conjugated Organic Polymers for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Generation with Adequate Utilization of Water Oxidation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2709. [PMID: 38893973 PMCID: PMC11173575 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The visible-light-driven photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is currently an emerging approach for transforming solar energy into chemical energy. In general, the photocatalytic process for producing H2O2 includes two pathways: the water oxidation reaction (WOR) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the utilization efficiency of ORR surpasses that of WOR, leading to a discrepancy with the low oxygen levels in natural water and thereby impeding their practical application. Herein, we report a novel donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) organic polymer conjugated by the Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction with tetraphenylethene (TPE) units as the electron donors, acetylene (A) as the connectors and pyrene (P) moieties as the electron acceptors. Notably, the resulting TPE-A-P exhibits a remarkable solar-to-chemical conversion of 1.65% and a high BET-specific surface area (1132 m2·g-1). Furthermore, even under anaerobic conditions, it demonstrates an impressive H2O2 photosynthetic efficiency of 1770 μmol g-1 h-1, exceeding the vast majority of previously reported photosynthetic systems of H2O2. The outstanding performance is attributed to the effective separation of electrons and holes, along with the presence of sufficient reaction sites facilitated by the incorporation of alkynyl electronic bridges. This protocol presents a successful method for generating H2O2 via a water oxidation reaction, signifying a significant advancement towards practical applications in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM—Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, IGCME—Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (Y.H.)
| | - Yuyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM—Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, IGCME—Institute of Green Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China (Y.H.)
| | - Yu-xin Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
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6
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Wu W, Li Z, Liu S, Zhang D, Cai B, Liang Y, Wu M, Liao Y, Zhao X. Pyridine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Pyridyl-Imine Structures for Boosting Photocatalytic H 2O 2 Production via One-Step 2e - Oxygen Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404563. [PMID: 38565431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bipyridine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising contenders for the photocatalytic generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the presence of imine nitrogen alters the mode of H2O2 generation from an efficient one-step two-electron (2e-) route to a two-step 2e- oxygen reduction pathway. In this work, we introduce 3,3'-bipyridine units into imine-based COF skeletons, creating a pyridyl-imine structure with two adjacent nitrogen atoms between the pyridine ring and imine linkage. This unique bipyridine-like architecture can effectively suppress the two-step 2e- ORR process at the single imine-nitrogen site, facilitating a more efficient one-step 2e- pathway. Consequently, the optimized pyridyl-imine COF (PyIm-COF) exhibits a remarkable H2O2 production rate of up to 5850 μmol h-1 g-1, nearly double that of pristine bipyridine COFs. This work provides valuable insight into the rational design of functionalized COFs for enhanced H2O2 production in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Shiyin Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Bingzi Cai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yizhao Liang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Yaozu Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, China
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7
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Zhan Z, Liu Y, Wang W, Du G, Cai S, Wang P. Atomic-level imaging of beam-sensitive COFs and MOFs by low-dose electron microscopy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:900-933. [PMID: 38512352 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Electron microscopy, an important technique that allows for the precise determination of structural information with high spatiotemporal resolution, has become indispensable in unravelling the complex relationships between material structure and properties ranging from mesoscale morphology to atomic arrangement. However, beam-sensitive materials, particularly those comprising organic components such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), would suffer catastrophic damage from the high energy electrons, hindering the determination of atomic structures. A low-dose approach has arisen as a possible solution to this problem based on the integration of advancements in several aspects: electron optical system, detector, image processing, and specimen preservation. This article summarizes the transmission electron microscopy characterization of MOFs and COFs, including local structures, host-guest interactions, and interfaces at the atomic level. Revolutions in advanced direct electron detectors, algorithms in image acquisition and processing, and emerging methodology for high quality low-dose imaging are also reviewed. Finally, perspectives on the future development of electron microscopy methodology with the support of computer science are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Guangyu Du
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Songhua Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
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8
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Yu H, Zhang F, Chen Q, Zhou PK, Xing W, Wang S, Zhang G, Jiang Y, Chen X. Vinyl-Group-Anchored Covalent Organic Framework for Promoting the Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402297. [PMID: 38488772 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The artificial photosynthesis of H2O2 from water and oxygen using semiconductor photocatalysts is attracting increasing levels of attention owing to its green, environmentally friendly, and energy-saving characteristics. Although covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising materials for promoting photocatalytic H2O2 production owing to their structural and functional diversity, they typically suffer from low charge-generation and -transfer efficiencies as well as rapid charge recombination, which restricts their use as catalysts for photocatalytic H2O2 production. Herein, we report a strategy for anchoring vinyl moieties to a COF skeleton to facilitate charge separation and migration, thereby promoting photocatalytic H2O2 generation. This vinyl-group-bearing COF photocatalyst exhibits a H2O2-production rate of 84.5 μmol h-1 (per 10 mg), which is ten-times higher than that of the analog devoid of vinyl functionality and superior to most reported COF photocatalysts. Both experimental and theoretical studies provide deep insight into the origin of the improved photocatalytic performance. These findings are expected to facilitate the rational design and modification of organic semiconductors for use in photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Pan-Ke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Wandong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Guigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Synthesis and Function Discovery, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
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9
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Fang X, Huang X, Hu Q, Li B, Hu C, Ma B, Ding Y. Recent developments in photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5354-5368. [PMID: 38690680 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an environmentally friendly strong oxidant and energy carrier, has attracted widespread attention in photocatalysis. Artificial photosynthesis of H2O2 using water and oxygen as raw materials, solar energy as an energy source, and semiconductor materials as catalysts is considered a promising technology. In the past few decades, encouraging progress has been made in the photocatalytic production of H2O2. Therefore, we summarize the research achievements in this field in recent years. This review first briefly introduces the reaction pathway, detection techniques and evaluation metrics. Then, the recent advances in photocatalysts are highlighted. Furthermore, the existing challenges and possible solutions in this field are presented. At last, we look forward to the future development direction of this field. This review provides valuable insights and guidance for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Qiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Bonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Chunlian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Baochun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Tianshui Middle Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Ou H, Jin Y, Chong B, Bao J, Kou S, Li H, Li Y, Yan X, Lin B, Yang G. Hydroxyl-Bonded Co Single Atom Site on Boroncarbonitride Surface Realizes Nonsacrificial H 2O 2 Synthesis in the Near-Infrared Region. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404851. [PMID: 38742925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from O2 and H2O under near-infrared light is a sustainable renewable energy production strategy, but challenging reaction. The bottleneck of this reaction lies in the regulation of O2 reduction path by photocatalyst. Herein, the center of the one-step two-electron reduction (OSR) pathway of O2 for H2O2 evolution via the formation of the hydroxyl-bonded Co single-atom sites on boroncarbonitride surface (BCN-OH2/Co1) is constructed. The experimental and theoretical prediction results confirm that the hydroxyl group on the surface and the electronic band structure of BCN-OH2/Co1 are the key factor in regulating the O2 reduction pathway. In addition, the hydroxyl-bonded Co single-atom sites can further enrich O2 molecules with more electrons, which can avoid the one-electron reduction of O2 to •O2 -, thus promoting the direct two-electron activation hydrogenation of O2. Consequently, BCN-OH2/Co1 exhibits a high H2O2 evolution apparent quantum efficiency of 0.8% at 850 nm, better than most of the previously reported photocatalysts. This study reveals an important reaction pathway for the generation of H2O2, emphasizing that precise control of the active site structure of the photocatalyst is essential for achieving efficient conversion of solar-to-chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Ou
- A XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jin
- A XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Ben Chong
- A XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Bao
- A XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Song Kou
- A XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - He Li
- A XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- A XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- A XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Lin
- A XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Guidong Yang
- A XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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11
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Dong P, Xu X, Wu T, Luo R, Kong W, Xu Z, Yuan S, Zhou J, Lei J. Stepwise Protonation of Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhancing Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405313. [PMID: 38738593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs), recognized for their tailorable structures and accessible active sites, offer a promising platform for developing advanced photocatalysts. However, the difficulty in the synthesis and functionalization of 3D COFs hinders their further development. In this study, we present a series of 3D-bcu-COFs with 8 connected porphyrin units linked by linear linkers through imine bonds as a versatile platform for photocatalyst design. The photoresponse of 3D-bcu-COFs was initially modulated by functionalizing linear linkers with benzo-thiadiazole or benzo-selenadiazole groups. Furthermore, taking advantage of the well-exposed porphyrin and imine sites in 3D-bcu-COFs, their photocatalytic activity was optimized by stepwise protonation of imine bonds and porphyrin centers. The dual protonated COF with benzo-selenadiazole groups exhibited enhanced charge separation, leading to an increased photocatalytic H2O2 production under visible light. This enhancement demonstrates the combined benefits of linker functionalization and stepwise protonation on photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Taikang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rengan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weisu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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12
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Li S, Wei W, Chi K, Ferguson CTJ, Zhao Y, Zhang KAI. Promoting Photocatalytic Direct C-H Difluoromethylation of Heterocycles using Synergistic Dual-Active-Centered Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12386-12394. [PMID: 38500309 PMCID: PMC11082899 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Difluoromethylation reactions are increasingly important for the creation of fluorine-containing heterocycles, which are core groups in a diverse range of biologically and pharmacologically active ingredients. Ideally, this typically challenging reaction could be performed photocatalytically under mild conditions. To achieve this separation of redox processes would be required for the efficient generation of difluoromethyl radicals and the reduction of oxygen. A covalent organic framework photocatalytic material was, therefore, designed with dual reactive centers. Here, anthracene was used as a reduction site and benzothiadiazole was used as an oxidation site, distributed in a tristyryl triazine framework. Efficient charge separation was ensured by the superior electron-donating and -accepting abilities of the dual centers, creating long-lived photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Photocatalytic difluoromethylation of 16 compounds with high yields and remarkable functional group tolerance was demonstrated; compounds included bioactive molecules such as xanthine and uracil. The structure-function relationship of the dual-active-center photocatalyst was investigated through electron spin resonance, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Li
- Department
of Materials Science, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Wei
- Department
of Materials Science, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chi
- Department
of Materials Science, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Calum T. J. Ferguson
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, University Road W, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kai A. I. Zhang
- Department
of Materials Science, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, P. R. China
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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13
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Yan H, Peng Y, Huang Y, Shen M, Wei X, Zou W, Tong Q, Zhou N, Xu J, Zhang Y, Ye YX, Ouyang G. Enhancing Photosynthesis Efficiency of Hydrogen Peroxide by Modulating Side Chains to Facilitate Water Oxidation at Low-Energy Barrier Sites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311535. [PMID: 38278520 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a crucial oxidant in advanced oxidation processes. In situ, photosynthesis of it in natural water holds the promise of practical application for water remediation. However, current photosynthesis of H2O2 systems primarily relies on oxygen reduction, leading to limited performance in natural water with low dissolved oxygen or anaerobic conditions found in polluted water. Herein, a novel photocatalyst based on conjugated polymers with alternating electron donor-acceptor structures and electron-withdrawing side chains on electron donors is introduced. Specifically, carbazole functions as the electron donor, triazine serves as the electron acceptor, and cyano acts as the electron-withdrawing side chain. Notably, the photocatalyst exhibits a remarkable solar-to-chemical conversion of 0.64%, the highest reported in natural water. Furthermore, even in anaerobic conditions, it achieves an impressive H2O2 photosynthetic efficiency of 1365 µmol g-1 h-1, surpassing all the reported photosynthetic systems of H2O2. This remarkable improvement is attributed to the effective relocation of the water oxidation active site from a high-energy carbazole to a low-energy acetylene site mediated by the side chains, resulting in enhanced O2 or H2O2 generation from water. This breakthrough offers a new avenue for efficient water remediation using advanced oxidation technologies in oxygen-limited environments, holding significant implications for environmental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
| | - Yuyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Minhui Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weixin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qing Tong
- Center of Modern Analysis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ningbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IGCME, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, LIFM, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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14
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Cao L, Wang C, Wang H, Xu X, Tao X, Tan H, Zhu G. Rationally Designed Cyclooctatetrathiophene-Based Porous Aromatic Frameworks (COTh-PAFs) for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402095. [PMID: 38450907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Constructing stable and efficient photocatalysts for H2O2 production is of great importance and is challenging. In this study, the synthesis of three photoactive cyclooctatetrathiophene (COTh)-based porous aromatic frameworks (COTh-PAFs) in an alternating donor-acceptor (D-A) fashion is presented. In combination with a triazine-derived electron acceptor, PAF-363 exhibits high efficiency for the photosynthesis of H2O2 with production rates of 11733 μmol g-1 h-1(with sacrificial agent) and 3930 μmol g-1 h-1 (without sacrificial agent) from water and oxygen under visible light irradiation. Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the charge transfer positions and the O2 adsorption sites in PAF-363 are both concentrated on COTh fragments, which facilitate the H2O2 production through the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway. This work highlights that the rational design of COTh-PAFs with consideration of D-A direction, charge transfer positions, and O2 adsorption sites provides a feasible access to efficient H2O2 production photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xinmeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Huaqiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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15
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Zhang X, Cheng S, Chen C, Wen X, Miao J, Zhou B, Long M, Zhang L. Keto-anthraquinone covalent organic framework for H 2O 2 photosynthesis with oxygen and alkaline water. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2649. [PMID: 38531862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide photosynthesis suffers from insufficient catalytic activity due to the high energy barrier of hydrogen extraction from H2O. Herein, we report that mechanochemically synthesized keto-form anthraquinone covalent organic framework which is able to directly synthesize H2O2 (4784 μmol h-1 g-1 at λ > 400 nm) from oxygen and alkaline water (pH = 13) in the absence of any sacrificial reagents. The strong alkalinity resulted in the formation of OH-(H2O)n clusters in water, which were adsorbed on keto moieties within the framework and then dissociated into O2 and active hydrogen, because the energy barrier of hydrogen extraction was largely lowered. The produced hydrogen reacted with anthraquinone to generate anthrahydroquinone, which was subsequently oxidized by O2 to produce H2O2. This study ultimately sheds light on the importance of hydrogen extraction from H2O for H2O2 photosynthesis and demonstrates that H2O2 synthesis is achievable under alkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Silian Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xue Wen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jie Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baoxue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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16
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Zhang L, Han H, Zhou J, Wang R, Lv Y, Zong S, Ning X, Ji W. Imprinted covalent organic frameworks solid-phase microextraction fiber for in vivo monitoring of acidic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in live aloe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170645. [PMID: 38320695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) can lead to risks associated with animal and human health through the transfer along food chains. It is confirmed that PFASs can be transported to each part of plants after taken up by the roots. To better elucidate the underlying mechanisms for such exposure, it is highly valuable to develop analytical capabilities for in vivo monitoring of PFASs in live plants. In this work, a novel imprinted covalent organic frameworks (CMIP) solid-phase microextraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed with low limits of detection for six acidic PFASs (0.1-0.3 ng g-1) and used for in vivo monitoring in live aloe. The CMIP coating shows good precision (RSD of intra and inter ≤9.6 % and 10.2 %, respectively) and possesses much higher extraction efficiency than the commercial coatings. After cultivating aloe in soil spiked PFASs, the in vivo assays gave a wealth of information, including steady-state concentrations, translocation factors, elimination rate constants, and half-life of PFASs. The in vivo tracing method for live plants can provide much needed and unique information to evaluate the risk of PFASs, which are very important for the safety of agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Haoyue Han
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Shandong Lancheng Analysis and Testing Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Rongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yingchao Lv
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shaojun Zong
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaobei Ning
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wenhua Ji
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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17
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Li P, Ge F, Yang Y, Wang T, Zhang X, Zhang K, Shen J. 1D Covalent Organic Frameworks Triggering Highly Efficient Photosynthesis of H 2 O 2 via Controllable Modular Design. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319885. [PMID: 38298054 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The topological diversity of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enables considerable space for exploring their structure-performance relationships. In this study, we report a sequence of novel 1D COFs (EO, ES, and ESe-COF) with typical 4-c sql topology that can be interconnected with VIA group elements (O, S, and Se) via a modular design strategy. It is found that the electronic structures, charge delivery property, light harvesting ability, and hydrophilicity of these 1D COFs can be profoundly influenced by the bridge-linked atom ordinal. Finally, EO-COF, possessing the highest quantity of active sites, the longest lifetime of the active electron, the strongest interaction with O2 , and the lowest energy barrier of O2 reduction, exhibits exceptional photocatalytic O2 -to-H2 O2 activity under visible light, with a production rate of 2675 μmol g-1 h-1 and a high apparent quantum yield of 6.57 % at 450 nm. This is the first systematic report on 1D COFs for H2 O2 photosynthesis, which enriches the topological database in reticular chemistry and promotes the exploration of structure-catalysis correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Feiyue Ge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Kan Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Material and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
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18
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Chu C, Chen Z, Yao D, Liu X, Cai M, Mao S. Large-Scale Continuous and In Situ Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Sulfur-Functionalized Polymer Catalyst for Water Treatment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317214. [PMID: 38263618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic H2 O2 generation system based on polymer catalyst receives increasing attention in recent years; however, the insufficient charge separation efficiency and low oxygen adsorption/activation capacity severely limit their potential application. In this study, a sulfur (C=S) functionalized polymer catalyst is reported through a green water-mediated and catalyst-free multi-component reactions (MCRs) route. The sulfur functional group endows the polymer with a suitable energy band and facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pair. The reported polymer achieves a high H2 O2 production efficiency (3132 μmol g-1 h-1 ) in pure water without oxygen aeration. To demonstrate their potential in in situ wastewater treatment, a panel reactor system (20×20 cm) is constructed for large-scale production of H2 O2 , which realizes continuous degradation of emerging pollutants including antibiotics and bisphenol A under natural sunlight irradiation condition. The H2 O2 utilization efficiency of the photo-self-Fenton system using in situ generated H2 O2 is found 7.9 times higher than that of the traditional photo-Fenton system. This study offers new insights in green synthesis and design of functional polymer photocatalyst, and demonstrates the feasibility of panel reactor system for large-scale continuous H2 O2 photocatalytic production and water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ducheng Yao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mingjie Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shun Mao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Biomedical Multidisciplinary Innovation Research Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
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19
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Wang JR, Song K, Luan TX, Cheng K, Wang Q, Wang Y, Yu WW, Li PZ, Zhao Y. Robust links in photoactive covalent organic frameworks enable effective photocatalytic reactions under harsh conditions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1267. [PMID: 38341421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing heterogeneous photocatalysts for the applications in harsh conditions is of high importance but challenging. Herein, by converting the imine linkages into quinoline groups of triphenylamine incorporated covalent organic frameworks (COFs), two photosensitive COFs, namely TFPA-TAPT-COF-Q and TFPA-TPB-COF-Q, are successfully constructed. The obtained quinoline-linked COFs display improved stability and photocatalytic activity, making them suitable photocatalysts for photocatalytic reactions under harsh conditions, as verified by the recyclable photocatalytic reactions of organic acid involving oxidative decarboxylation and organic base involving benzylamine coupling. Under strong oxidative condition, the quinoline-linked COFs show a high efficiency up to 11831.6 μmol·g-1·h-1 and a long-term recyclable usability for photocatalytic production of H2O2, while the pristine imine-linked COFs are less catalytically active and easily decomposed in these harsh conditions. The results demonstrate that enhancing the linkage robustness of photoactive COFs is a promising strategy to construct heterogeneous catalysts for photocatalytic reactions under harsh conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan, 250100, PR China
| | - Kepeng Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan, 250100, PR China
| | - Tian-Xiang Luan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan, 250100, PR China
| | - Ke Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan, 250100, PR China
| | - Qiurong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan, 250100, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan, 250100, PR China
| | - William W Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan, 250100, PR China
| | - Pei-Zhou Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Shandong University, No. 27 Shanda South Road, Ji'nan, 250100, PR China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Sun J, Wang X, Wang Q, Peng L, Liu Y, Wei D. Ultra-fast supercritically solvothermal polymerization for large single-crystalline covalent organic frameworks. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:340-373. [PMID: 38001366 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline polymer materials, e.g., hyper-crosslinked polystyrene, conjugate microporous polymers and covalent organic frameworks, are used as catalyst carriers, organic electronic devices and molecular sieves. Their properties and applications are highly dependent on their crystallinity. An efficient polymerization strategy for the rapid preparation of highly or single-crystalline materials is beneficial not only to structure-property studies but also to practical applications. However, polymerization usually leads to the formation of amorphous or poorly crystalline products with small grain sizes. It has been a challenging task to efficiently and precisely assemble organic molecules into a single crystal through polymerization. To address this issue, we developed a supercritically solvothermal method that uses supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) as the reaction medium for polymerization. Sc-CO2 accelerates crystal growth due to its high diffusivity and low viscosity compared with traditional organic solvents. Six covalent organic frameworks with different topologies, linkages and crystal structures are synthesized by this method. The as-synthesized products feature polarized photoluminescence and second-harmonic generation, indicating their high-quality single-crystal nature. This method holds advantages such as rapid growth rate, high productivity, easy accessibility, industrial compatibility and environmental friendliness. In this protocol, we provide a step-by-step procedure including preparation of monomer dispersion, polymerization in sc-CO2, purification and characterization of the single crystals. By following this protocol, it takes 1-5 min to grow sub-mm-sized single crystals by polymerization. The procedure takes ~4 h from preparation of monomer dispersion and polymerization in sc-CO2 to purification and drying of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Yan Q, Tao S, Liu R, Zhi Y, Jiang D. Crystalline, Porous Helicene Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316092. [PMID: 38029378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Helicenes are a class of fascinating chiral helical molecules with rich chemistry developed continuously over the past 100 years. Their helical, conjugated, and twisted structures make them attractive for constructing molecular systems. However, studies over the past century are mainly focused on synthesizing helicenes with increased numbers of aromatic rings and complex heterostructures, while research on inorganic, organic, and polymeric helicene materials is still embryonic. Herein, we report the first examples of helicene covalent organic frameworks, i.e., [7]Helicene sp2 c-COF-1, by condensing [7]Helicene dialdehyde with trimethyl triazine via the C=C bond formation reaction under solvothermal conditions. The resultant [7]Helicene sp2 c-COF-1 exhibits prominent X-ray diffraction peaks and assumes a highly ordered 2D lattice structure originated from the twisted configuration of [7]Helicene unit. The C=C linked [7]Helicene sp2 c-COF-1 materials exhibited extended π conjugation and broadly tuned their absorption, emission, redox activity, photoconductivity, and light-emitting activity, demonstrating rich multifunctionalities and great potentials in developing various applications. This work opens a way to a new family of COFs as well as helicene materials, enabling the exploration of unprecedented π architectures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongfeng Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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22
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Zhang J, Lei H, Li Z, Jiang F, Chen L, Hong M. Halogen-Modulated 2D Coordination Polymers for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis under Air and Pure Water Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316998. [PMID: 38017354 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
H2 O2 is a widely used eco-friendly oxidant and a potential energy carrier. Photocatalytic H2 O2 production from water and O2 is an ideal approach with the potential to address the current energy crisis and environmental issues. Three zig-zag two-dimensional coordination polymers (2D CPs), named CuX-dptz, were synthesized by a rapid and facile method at room temperature, showing preeminent H2 O2 photoproduction performance under pure water and open air without any additives. CuBr-dptz exhibits a H2 O2 production rate high up to 1874 μmol g-1 h-1 , exceeding most reported photocatalysts under this condition, even comparable to those supported by sacrificial agents and O2 . The coordination environment of Cu can be modulated by halogen atoms (X=Cl, Br, I), which in turn affects the electron transfer process and finally determines the reaction activity. This is the first time that 2D CPs have been used for photocatalytic H2 O2 production in such challenging conditions, which provides a new pathway for the development of portable in situ H2 O2 photosynthesis devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Hang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Zhijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Feilong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Maochun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
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23
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Luo G. Photoenzymatic CO 2 Reduction Dominated by Collaborative Matching of Linkage and Linker in Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:586-598. [PMID: 38109499 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photoenzymatic systems based on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide an interesting platform for converting CO2 to value-added fuels. However, the dual roles of COFs as photocatalysts and enzyme hosts showcase contradictory preferences for structures, which poses a great challenge for their rational design. Herein, we report the collaborative matching of linkages and linkers in COFs on their ability to exert both photocatalytic activity and enzyme loading, which has been neglected until now. The linkage-dependent linker regulation pattern was elucidated, and the optimal match showed a record-breaking apparent quantum efficiency at 420 nm for photocatalytic cofactor regeneration of 13.95% with a high turnover frequency of 5.3 mmol g-1 h-1, outperforming other reported crystalline framework photocatalysts. Moreover, theoretical calculations and experiments revealed the mechanism underlying the effects of matching the linkage and linker on exciton dissociation and charge migration in photocatalysis. This newfound understanding enabled the construction of COFs with both high photoactivity and large pores closer in size to the formate dehydrogenase, achieving high loading capacity and a suitable confinement effect. Remarkably, the artificial photoenzymatic system constructed according to optimal linkage-linker matching exhibited highly efficient CO2 reduction, yielding formic acid with a specific activity as high as 1.46 mmol g-1 catalyst h-1 and good reusability, paving the way for sustainable CO2 conversion driven by visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Yang L, Chen Z, Cao Q, Liao H, Gao J, Zhang L, Wei W, Li H, Lu J. Structural Regulation of Photocatalyst to Optimize Hydroxyl Radical Production Pathways for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306758. [PMID: 37865887 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Ring-opening of phenol in wastewater is the pivotal step in photocatalytic degradation. The highly selective generation of catalytical active species (•OH) to facilitate this process presents a significant scientific challenge. Therefore, a novel approach for designing photocatalysts with single-atom containment in metal-covalent organic frameworks (M-COFs) is proposed. The selection of imine-linked COFs containing abundant N and O-chelate sites provides a solid foundation for anchoring metal atom. These dispersed metal atom possess rapid accumulation and transfer capabilities for photogenerated electrons, while the periodic π-conjugated structure in 2D-COFs establishes an effective platform. Additionally, the Lewis acid properties of imine bonds in COFs can enhance the adsorption capacity toward gases with Lewis base properties, such as O2 and N2 . It is demonstrated that the Pd2+ @Tp-TAPT, designed based on this concept, exhibits efficient oxygen adsorption and follows the reaction pathway of O2 →•O2 - →H2 O2 →•OH with high selectivity, thereby achieving completely degradation of refractory phenol through photocatalysis within 10 min. It is anticipated that the selective generation of catalytic active species via advanced material design concepts will serve as a significant reference for achieving precise material catalysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhengxi Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Huarong Liao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jin Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wanyu Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- National Center of International Research on Intelligent New Nanomaterials and Detection Technologies in Environmental Protection, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- National Center of International Research on Intelligent New Nanomaterials and Detection Technologies in Environmental Protection, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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25
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Hao F, Yang C, Lv X, Chen F, Wang S, Zheng G, Han Q. Photo-Driven Quasi-Topological Transformation Exposing Highly Active Nitrogen Cation Sites for Enhanced Photocatalytic H 2 O 2 Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315456. [PMID: 37933417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the exposure of highly-active nitrogen cation sites has been accomplished by photo-driven quasi-topological transformation of a 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione-based covalent organic framework (COF), which contributes to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) synthesis during the 2-electron O2 photoreduction. The exposed nitrogen cation sites with photo-enhanced Lewis acidity not only act as the electron-transfer motor to adjust the inherent charge distribution, powering continuous and stable charge separation, and broadening visible-light adsorption, but also providing a large number of active sites for O2 adsorption. The optimal catalyst shows a high H2 O2 production rate of 11965 μmol g-1 h-1 under visible light irradiation and a remarkable apparent quantum yield of 12.9 % at 400 nm, better than most of the previously reported COF photocatalysts. This work provides new insights for designing photo-switchable nitrogen cation sites as catalytic centers toward efficient solar to chemical energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feini Hao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ximeng Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Fangshuai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shengyao Wang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gengfeng Zheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qing Han
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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26
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Yong Z, Ma T. Solar-to-H 2 O 2 Catalyzed by Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308980. [PMID: 37574706 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the excellent structural tunability, robust framework, ultrahigh porosity, and rich active sites, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are widely recognized as promising photocatalysts in chemical conversions, and emerged in the hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) photosynthesis in 2020. H2 O2 , serving as an environmental-friendly oxidant and a promising liquid fuel, has attracted increasing researchers to explore its potential. Over the past few years, numerous COFs-based photocatalysts are developed with encouraging achievements in H2 O2 production, whereas no comprehensive review articles exist to summarize this specific and significant area. Herein we provide a systematic overview of the advances and challenges of COFs in photocatalytic H2 O2 production. We first introduce the priorities of COFs in H2 O2 photosynthesis. Then, various strategies to improve COFs photocatalytic efficiency are discussed. The perspective and outlook for future advances of COFs in this emerging field are finally offered. This timely review will pave the way for the development of highly efficient COFs photocatalysts for practical production of value-added chemicals not limited to H2 O2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Yong
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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27
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Zhang Y, Qiao Z, Zhang R, Wang Z, Wang HJ, Zhao J, Cao D, Wang S. Multicomponent Synthesis of Imidazole-Linked Fully Conjugated 3D Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314539. [PMID: 37880874 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The semiconducting properties and applications of three dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are greatly hampered because of their long-ranged non-conjugated skeletons and relatively unstable linkages. Here, a robust imidazole-linked fully conjugated 3D covalent organic framework (BUCT-COF-7) is synthesized through the one-pot multicomponent Debus-Radziszewski reaction of the saddle-shaped aldehyde-substituted cyclooctatetrathiophene, pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone, and ammonium acetate. The semiconducting BUCT-COF-7, as a metal-free catalyst, shows excellent two electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity in alkaline medium with high hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) selectivity of 83.4 %. When the BUCT-COF-7 as cathode catalyst is assembled into the electrolyzer, the devices showed high electrochemical production rate of H2 O2 up to 326.9 mmol g-1 h-1 . The accumulative amount of H2 O2 could totally degrade the dye methylene blue via Fenton reaction for wastewater treatment. This is the first report about intrinsic 3D COFs for efficient electrochemical synthesis of H2 O2 , revealing the promising applications of fully conjugated 3D COFs in the environment-related field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zelong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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28
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Feng B, Chen X, Yan P, Huang S, Lu C, Ji H, Zhu J, Yang Z, Cao K, Zhuang X. Isomeric Dual-Pore Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37968832 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with hierarchical porosity have been increasingly recognized as promising materials in various fields. Besides, the 2D COFs with kagome (kgm) topology can exhibit unique optoelectronic features and have extensive applications. However, rational synthesis of the COFs with kgm topology remains challenging because of competition with a square-lattice topology. Herein, we report two isomeric dual-pore 2D COFs with kgm topology using a novel geometric strategy to reduce the symmetry of their building blocks, which are four-armed naphthalene-based and azulene-based isomeric monomers. Owing to the large dipole moment of azulene, as-prepared azulene-based COF (COF-Az) possesses a considerably narrow band gap of down to 1.37 eV, which is much narrower than the naphthalene-based 2D COF (COF-Nap: 2.28 eV) and is the lowest band gap among reported imine-linked dual-pore 2D COFs. Moreover, COF-Az was used as electrode material in a gas sensor and exhibits high selectivity for NO2, including a high response rate (58.7%) to NO2 (10 ppm), fast recovery (72 s), up to 10 weeks of stability, and resistance to 80% relative humidity, which are superior to those of reported COF-based NO2 gas sensors. The calculation and in situ experimental results indicate that the large dipole moment of azulene boosts the sensitivity of the imine linkages. The usage of isomeric building blocks not only enables the synthesis of 2D COFs with isometric kgm topology but also provides an azulene-based 2D platform for studying the structure-property correlations of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxu Feng
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Pu Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Senhe Huang
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Chenbao Lu
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huiping Ji
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication (Ministry of Education), Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The Soft2D Lab, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhang Jiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wang S, Xie Z, Zhu D, Fu S, Wu Y, Yu H, Lu C, Zhou P, Bonn M, Wang HI, Liao Q, Xu H, Chen X, Gu C. Efficient photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide using dispersible and photoactive porous polymers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6891. [PMID: 37898686 PMCID: PMC10613291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing efficient artificial photocatalysts for the biomimetic photocatalytic production of molecular materials, including medicines and clean energy carriers, remains a fundamentally and technologically essential challenge. Hydrogen peroxide is widely used in chemical synthesis, medical disinfection, and clean energy. However, the current industrial production, predominantly by anthraquinone oxidation, suffers from hefty energy penalties and toxic byproducts. Herein, we report the efficient photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide by protonation-induced dispersible porous polymers with good charge-carrier transport properties. Significant photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide generation occurs under ambient conditions at an unprecedented rate of 23.7 mmol g-1 h-1 and an apparent quantum efficiency of 11.3% at 450 nm. Combined simulations and spectroscopies indicate that sub-picosecond ultrafast electron "localization" from both free carriers and exciton states at the catalytic reaction centers underlie the remarkable photocatalytic performance of the dispersible porous polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Zhu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuangye Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Panke Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55122, Mainz, Germany
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, 100048, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Liao Q, Sun Q, Xu H, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li Z, Hu J, Wang D, Li H, Xi K. Regulating Relative Nitrogen Locations of Diazine Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks for Overall H 2 O 2 Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310556. [PMID: 37632257 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-heterocycle-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are considered promising candidates for the overall photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). However, the effects of the relative nitrogen locations remain obscured and photocatalytic performances of COFs need to be further improved. Herein, a collection of COFs functionalized by various diazines including pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine have been judiciously designed and synthesized for photogeneration of H2 O2 without sacrificial agents. Compared with pyrimidine and pyrazine, pyridazine embedded in TpDz tends to stabilize endoperoxide intermediate species, leading toward the more efficient direct 2e- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway. Benefiting from the effective electron-hole separation, low charge transfer resistance, and high-efficiency ORR pathway, an excellent production rate of 7327 μmol g-1 h-1 and a solar-to-chemical conversion (SCC) value of 0.62 % has been achieved by TpDz, which ranks one of the best COF-based photocatalysts. This work might shed fresh light on the rational design of functional COFs targeting photocatalysts in H2 O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaobo Liao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
| | - Haocheng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yandong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ziyu Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
| | - Jinwu Hu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
| | - Ding Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
| | - Huijun Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
| | - Kai Xi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
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31
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Yue JY, Song LP, Fan YF, Pan ZX, Yang P, Ma Y, Xu Q, Tang B. Thiophene-Containing Covalent Organic Frameworks for Overall Photocatalytic H 2 O 2 Synthesis in Water and Seawater. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309624. [PMID: 37526096 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
H2 O2 is a significant chemical widely utilized in the environmental and industrial fields, with growing global demand. Without sacrificial agents, simultaneous photocatalyzed H2 O2 synthesis through the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and water oxidation reaction (WOR) dual channels from seawater is green and sustainable but still challenging. Herein, two novel thiophene-containing covalent organic frameworks (TD-COF and TT-COF) were first constructed and served as catalysts for H2 O2 synthesis via indirect 2e- ORR and direct 2e- WOR channels. The photocatalytic H2 O2 production performance can be regulated by adjusting the N-heterocycle modules (pyridine and triazine) in COFs. Notably, with no sacrificial agents, just using air and water as raw materials, TD-COF exhibited high H2 O2 production yields of 4060 μmol h-1 g-1 and 3364 μmol h-1 g-1 in deionized water and natural seawater, respectively. Further computational mechanism studies revealed that the thiophene was the primary photoreduction unit for ORR, while the benzene ring (linked to the thiophene by the imine bond) was the central photooxidation unit for WOR. The current work exploits thiophene-containing COFs for overall photocatalytic H2 O2 synthesis via ORR and WOR dual channels and provides fresh insight into creating innovative catalysts for photocatalyzing H2 O2 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Yue
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fei Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Xian Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, P. R. China
- Laoshan Laboratory, 266200, Qingdao, P. R. China
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32
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Zhang Q, An B, Lei Y, Gao Z, Zhang H, Xue S, Jin X, Xu W, Wu Z, Wu M, Yang X, Wu W. Cl 2 ⋅ - Mediates Direct and Selective Conversion of Inert C(sp 3 )-H Bonds into Aldehydes/Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304699. [PMID: 37409373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing new reactive pathway to activate inert C(sp3 )-H bonds for valuable oxygenated products remains a challenge. We prepared a series of triazine conjugated organic polymers to photoactivate C-H into aldehyde/ketone via O2 →H2 O2 →⋅OH→Cl⋅→Cl2 ⋅- . Experiment results showed Cl2 ⋅- could successively activate C(sp3 )-H more effectively than Cl⋅ to generate unstable dichlorinated intermediates, increasing the kinetic rate ratio of dichlorination to monochlorination by a factor of 2,000 and thus breaking traditional dichlorination kinetic constraints. These active intermediates were hydrolyzed into aldehydes or ketones easily, when compared with typical stable dichlorinated complexes, avoiding chlorinated by-product generation. Moreover, an integrated two-phase system in an acid solution strengthened the Cl2 ⋅- mediated process and inhibited product overoxidation, where the conversion rate of toluene reached 16.94 mmol/g/h and the selectivity of benzaldehyde was 99.5 %. This work presents a facile and efficient approach for selective conversion of inert C(sp3 )-H bonds using Cl2 ⋅- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Bo An
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhixiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xue
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Wengang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Mingbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
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33
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He T, Zhao Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Energy Conversion in Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303086. [PMID: 37093128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Intensifying energy crises and severe environmental issues have led to the discovery of renewable energy sources, sustainable energy conversion, and storage technologies. Photocatalysis is a green technology that converts eco-friendly solar energy into high-energy chemicals. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous materials constructed by covalent bonds that show promising potential for converting solar energy into chemicals owing to their pre-designable structures, high crystallinity, and porosity. Herein, we highlight recent progress in the synthesis of COF-based photocatalysts and their applications in water splitting, CO2 reduction, and H2 O2 production. The challenges and future opportunities for the rational design of COFs for advanced photocatalysts are discussed. This Review is expected to promote further development of COFs toward photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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34
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Yang M, Ji W. Facile Synthesis of Quinolinecarboxylic Acid-Linked Covalent Organic Framework via One-Pot Reaction for Highly Efficient Removal of Water-Soluble Pollutants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093752. [PMID: 37175162 PMCID: PMC10179942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To efficiently eliminate highly polar organic pollutants from water has always been a difficult issue, especially in the case of ultralow concentrations. Herein, we present the facile synthesis of quinolinecarboxylic acid-linked COF (QCA-COF) via the Doebner multicomponent reaction, possessing multifunction, high specific surface area, robust physicochemical stability, and excellent crystallinity. The marked feature lies in the quinolinyl and carboxyl functions incorporated simultaneously to QCA-COF in one step. The major cis-orientation of carboxyl arms in QCA-COF was speculated by powder X-ray diffraction and total energy analysis. QCA-COF demonstrates excellent adsorption capacity for water-soluble organic pollutants such as rhodamine B (255.7 mg/g), methylene blue (306.1 mg/g), gentamycin (338.1 mg/g), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (294.1 mg/g) in water. The kinetic adsorptions fit the pseudo-second order model and their adsorption isotherms are Langmuir model. Remarkably, QCA-COF can capture the above four water-soluble organic pollutants from real water samples at ppb level with higher than 95% removal efficiencies and excellent recycling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wenhua Ji
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
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