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Li HY, Kong XJ, Han SD, Pang J, He T, Wang GM, Bu XH. Metalation of metal-organic frameworks: fundamentals and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5626-5676. [PMID: 38655667 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00873h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Metalation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been developed as a prominent strategy for materials functionalization for pore chemistry modulation and property optimization. By introducing exotic metal ions/complexes/nanoparticles onto/into the parent framework, many metallized MOFs have exhibited significantly improved performance in a wide range of applications. In this review, we focus on the research progress in the metalation of metal-organic frameworks during the last five years, spanning the design principles, synthetic strategies, and potential applications. Based on the crystal engineering principles, a minor change in the MOF composition through metalation would lead to leveraged variation of properties. This review starts from the general strategies established for the incorporation of metal species within MOFs, followed by the design principles to graft the desired functionality while maintaining the porosity of frameworks. Facile metalation has contributed a great number of bespoke materials with excellent performance, and we summarize their applications in gas adsorption and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, detection and sensing, and energy storage and conversion. The underlying mechanisms are also investigated by state-of-the-art techniques and analyzed for gaining insight into the structure-property relationships, which would in turn facilitate the further development of design principles. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities in MOF metalation have been discussed, and the promising future directions for customizing the next-generation advanced materials have been outlined as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Centre, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xiang-Jing Kong
- Department of Chemical Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Song-De Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Jiandong Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Centre, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Tao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China.
- Department of Chemical Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Guo-Ming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Centre, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Sun SN, Niu Q, Lin JM, He LL, Shi JW, Huang Q, Liu J, Lan YQ. Sulfur atom-directed metal-ligand synergistic catalysis in zirconium/hafnium-oxo clusters for highly efficient amine oxidation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:492-501. [PMID: 38044194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The performance applications (e.g., photocatalysis) of zirconium (Zr) and hafnium (Hf) based complexes are greatly hindered by the limited development of their structures and the relatively inert metal reactivity. In this work, we constructed two ultrastable Zr/Hf-based clusters (Zr9-TC4A and Hf9-TC4A) using hydrophobic 4-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene (H4TC4A) ligands, in which unsaturated coordinated sulfur (S) atoms on the TC4A4- ligand can generate strong metal-ligand synergy with nearby active metal Zr/Hf sites. As a result, these two functionalized H4TC4A ligands modified Zr/Hf-oxo clusters, as catalysts for the amine oxidation reaction, exhibited excellent catalytic activity, achieving very high substrate conversion (>99%) and product selectivity (>90%). Combining comparative experiments and theoretical calculations, we found that these Zr/Hf-based cluster catalysts accomplish efficient amine oxidation reactions through synergistic effect between metals and ligands: (i) The photocatalytic benzylamine (BA) oxidation reaction was achieved by the synergistic effect of the dual active sites, in which, the naked S sites on the TC4A4- ligand oxidize the BA by photogenerated hole and oxygen molecules are reduced by photogenerated electrons on the metal active sites; (ii) in the aniline oxidation reaction, aniline was adsorbed by the bare S sites on ligands to be closer to metal active sites and then oxidized by the oxygen-containing radicals activated by the metal sites, thus completing the catalytic reaction under the synergistic catalytic effect of the proximity metal-ligand. In this work, the Zr/Hf-based complexes applied in the oxidation of organic amines have been realized using active S atom-directed metal-ligand synergistic catalysis and have demonstrated very high reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Sun
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Niu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiao-Min Lin
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Li-Ling He
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing-Wen Shi
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Xu W, Wu Y, Gu W, Du D, Lin Y, Zhu C. Atomic-level design of metalloenzyme-like active pockets in metal-organic frameworks for bioinspired catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:137-162. [PMID: 38018371 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00767g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural metalloenzymes with astonishing reaction activity and specificity underpin essential life transformations. Nevertheless, enzymes only operate under mild conditions to keep sophisticated structures active, limiting their potential applications. Artificial metalloenzymes that recapitulate the catalytic activity of enzymes can not only circumvent the enzymatic fragility but also bring versatile functions into practice. Among them, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring diverse and site-isolated metal sites and supramolecular structures have emerged as promising candidates for metalloenzymes to move toward unparalleled properties and behaviour of enzymes. In this review, we systematically summarize the significant advances in MOF-based metalloenzyme mimics with a special emphasis on active pocket engineering at the atomic level, including primary catalytic sites and secondary coordination spheres. Then, the deep understanding of catalytic mechanisms and their advanced applications are discussed. Finally, a perspective on this emerging frontier research is provided to advance bioinspired catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Wenling Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Du
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, 99164, Pullman, USA.
| | - Yuehe Lin
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, 99164, Pullman, USA.
| | - Chengzhou Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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Ye G, Yang Z, Wan L, Shi G, Chang Y, Zhang Q. Insights into the sacrificial structure-activity relationship of a Ti-based metal-organic framework in an oxidative desulfurization reaction. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15968-15973. [PMID: 37846746 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02719h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Insights into the relationship between the crystal structure and activity of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are meaningful to investigate the potential properties of pristine MOFs for targeted catalytic reactions. Herein, we develop a high-efficiency method for boosting the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) activity of Ti-MOF in the presence of H+. The ODS activity of pristine Ti-MOF prepared via a solvothermal approach is very poor at a low reaction temperature but can be enhanced in the presence of H+. Ti-MOF in the presence of H+ shows ultrahigh ODS activity that can eliminate 1000 ppm sulfur after 7 min at 30 °C with no catalytic activity loss after recycling 11 times. The turnover frequency value reaches 12.4 h-1 at 30 °C, surpassing all the previously reported Ti-MOFs as ODS catalysts even at high temperatures. Characterization and quenching experimental results indicate that more uncoordinated Ti sites can be formed from slight damage to the structure of Ti-MOF during the catalytic reaction, and such exposed Ti sites can easily react with H+ and H2O2 to form Ti-hydroperoxo active species that determine the upgradation of ODS activity. This work provides a significant way to upgrade the catalytic activity of pristine Ti-MOFs for future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Zhaohan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Lulu Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Guangming Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Yuying Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Qiuli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
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Luan J, Liu Y, Zhang XS, Meng FB, Wang XZ, Li WZ, Fu Y. Fabrication of a Co-Mo-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Growth of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18116-18127. [PMID: 37883704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) make up a unique class of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that are particularly intriguing for scientific research and are promising candidates for technological applications. A more precise level of control and greater yields can be achieved via catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD), which involves the breakdown of a carbonaceous gas over nanoparticles. The addition of molybdenum to the system can increase the selectivity with regard to the number of walls that exist in the obtained CNTs. As reported herein, we have designed and synthesized a novel Co-Mo-MOF, [Co(3-bpta)1.5(MoO4)]·H2O (where 3-bpta = N,N'-bis(3-pyridyl)terephthalamide), and employed the Co-Mo-MOF as a bimetallic catalyst precursor for the CCVD approach to prepare high-quality DWCNTs. The Co-Mo-MOF was employed after being calcined in N2 and H2 at 1100 °C and decomposing into CoO, CoMoO4, and MoO3. Existing CoMoO4 is unaltered after reduction in H2 at 1100 °C, while CoO and MoO3 are converted into Co0 and MoO2, and more CoMoO4 is created at the expense of Co0 and MoO2 without clearly defining agglomeration. Finally, the interaction between metallic Co particles and C2H4 is what initiates the formation of DWCNTs. In-depth discussion is provided in this paper regarding the mechanism underlying the high selectivity and activity of Co-Mo catalysts in regulating the development and structure of DWCNTs. The DWCNTs also offer excellence performance when they are used as water purification agents and as selective sorbents. This work opens a feasible way to use MOFs as a way to produce MWCNTs, thus blazing a new trail in the field of MOF-derived carbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luan
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Sa Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Bao Meng
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xuan-Zhi Wang
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ze Li
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
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