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Luengo-Márquez J, Assenza S, Micheletti C. Shape and size tunability of sheets of interlocked ring copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6595-6607. [PMID: 39105348 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Mechanically bonded membranes of interlocked ring polymers are a significant generalization of conventional elastic sheets, where connectivity is provided by covalent bonding, and represent a promising class of topological meta-materials. In this context, two open questions regard the large-scale reverberations of the heterogeneous composition of the rings and the inequivalent modes of interlocking neighboring rings. We address these questions with Langevin dynamics simulations of chainmails with honeycomb-lattice connectivity, where the rings are block copolymers with two segments of different rigidity. We considered various combinations of the relative lengths of the two segments and the patterns of the over- and under-passes linking neighboring rings. We find that varying ring composition and linking patterns have independent and complementary effects. While the former sets the overall size of the chainmail, the latter defines the shape, enabling the selection of starkly different conformation types. Notably, one of the considered linking patterns favors saddle-shaped membranes, providing a first example of spontaneous negative Gaussian curvature in mechanically bonded sheets. The results help establish the extent to which mechanically bonded membranes can differ from conventional elastic ones, particularly for the achievable shape and size tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luengo-Márquez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Assenza
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Feng Q, Ding R, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Liu H, Guo C, He G, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Highly Efficient Self-Assembly of Heterometallic [2]Catenanes and Cyclic Bis[2]catenanes via Orthogonal Metal-Coordination Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407923. [PMID: 38738617 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Although catenated cages have been widely constructed due to their unique and elegant topological structures, cyclic catenanes formed by the connection of multiple catenane units have been rarely reported. Herein, based on the orthogonal metal-coordination-driven self-assembly, we prepare a series of heterometallic [2]catenanes and cyclic bis[2]catenanes, whose structures are clearly evidenced by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Owing to the multiple positively charged nature, as well as the potential synergistic effect of the Cu(I) and Pt(II) metal ions, the cyclic bis[2]catenanes display broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. This work not only provides an efficient strategy for the construction of heterometallic [2]catenanes and cyclic bis[2]catenanes but also explores their applications as superior antibacterial agents, which will promote the construction of advanced supramolecular structures for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Ding
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yali Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Gang He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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3
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Yang M, Chen S, Zhang Z, Cheng L, Zhao J, Bai R, Wang W, Gao W, Yu W, Jiang X, Yan X. Stimuli-responsive mechanically interlocked polymer wrinkles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5760. [PMID: 38982046 PMCID: PMC11233622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial wrinkles, especially those with responsive erasure/regeneration behaviors have gained extensive interest due to their potential in smart applications. However, current wrinkle modulation methods primarily rely on network rearrangement, causing bottlenecks in in situ wrinkle regeneration. Herein, we report a dually cross-linked network wherein [2]rotaxane cross-link can dissipate stress within the wrinkles through its sliding motion without disrupting the network, and quadruple H-bonding cross-link comparatively highlight the advantages of [2]rotaxane modulation. Acid stimulation dissociates quadruple H-bonding and destructs network, swiftly eliminating the wrinkles. However, the regeneration process necessitates network rearrangement, making in situ recovery unfeasible. By contrast, alkaline stimulation disrupts host-guest recognition, and subsequent intramolecular motion of [2]rotaxane dissipate energy to eliminate wrinkles gradually. The always intact network allows for the in situ recovery of surface microstructures. The responsive behaviors of quadruple H-bonding and mechanical bond are orthogonal, and their combination leads to wrinkles with multiple but accurate responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Wenzhe Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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4
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Podh MB, Ratha R, Purohit CS. Template Assisted Synthesis of Linear [5]Catenane by Post-Functionalization of Templated [2]Catenane and Using Click Reaction. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400351. [PMID: 38700467 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymers with all mechanically interlocked rings, such as linear [n]catenanes, have great potential as functional materials due to possible higher degrees of freedom that may contribute to their flexibility but remain elusive. All the synthetic methods used to prepare such a polymer yield mixtures of products. In the absence of higher molecular weight linear [n]catenanes, emphasis on synthesizing low molecular weight oligomers is being pursued. Here, we have described the synthesis of a linear [5]catenane by post-functionalizing a Co(III) templated [2]catenane having a pyridine-diamide unit free for further metal ion coordination. Two molecules were synthesized with suitable threading groups: one, two terminal azide groups, and two, with two terminal alkyne groups to form two [3]pseudorotaxane utilizing Co(III) coordination. These units were then joined, forming a macrocycle, using click reaction, giving the desired metalated linear [5]catenane in 40 % yield. Removal of metal ions leads to linear [5]catenane. In addition, the formation of linear [3] and [2]catenane are also observed. All synthesized structures have been isolated by column chromatographic technique and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Bhanjan Podh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-, 752050
- Mana Bhanjan Podh, Radhakrishna Ratha, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, Mumbai, India-, 400094
| | - Radhakrishna Ratha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-, 752050
- Mana Bhanjan Podh, Radhakrishna Ratha, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, Mumbai, India-, 400094
| | - Chandra Shekhar Purohit
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-, 752050
- Mana Bhanjan Podh, Radhakrishna Ratha, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, Mumbai, India-, 400094
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5
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Qin J, Wang Y, Wang T, Wang N, Xu W, Cheng L, Yu W, Yan X, Gao L, Zheng B, Wu B. Anion-Coordination Foldamer-Based Polymer Network: from Molecular Spring to Elastomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400989. [PMID: 38623921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Foldamer is a scaled-down version of coil spring, which can absorb and release energy by conformational change. Here, polymer networks with high density of molecular springs were developed by employing anion-coordination-based foldamers as the monomer. The coiling of the foldamer is controlled by oligo(urea) ligands coordinating to chloride ions; subsequently, the folding and unfolding of foldamer conformations endow the polymer network with excellent energy dissipation and toughness. The mechanical performance of the corresponding polymer networks shows a dramatic increase from P-L2UCl (non-folding), to P-L4UCl (a full turn), and then to P-L6UCl (1.5 turns), in terms of strength (2.62 MPa; 14.26 MPa; 22.93 MPa), elongation at break (70 %; 325 %; 352 %), Young's modulus (2.69 MPa; 63.61 MPa; 141.50 MPa), and toughness (1.12 MJ/m3; 21.39 MJ/m3; 49.62 MJ/m3), respectively, which is also better than those without anion centers and the non-foldamer based counterparts. Moreover, P-L6UCl shows enhanced strength and toughness than most of the molecular-spring based polymer networks. Thus, an effective strategy for designing high-performance anion-coordination-based materials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Qin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yongming Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, Beijing, P. R. China
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6
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Li K, Li Z, Yuan J, Chen M, Zhao H, Jiang Z, Wang J, Jiang Z, Li Y, Chan YT, Wang P, Liu D. High-order layered self-assembled multicavity metal--organic capsules and anti-cooperative host-multi-guest chemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8913-8921. [PMID: 38873050 PMCID: PMC11168090 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01204f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The construction and application of metal-organic cages with accessible internal cavities have witnessed rapid development, however, the precise synthesis of complex metal-organic capsules with multiple cavities and achievement of multi-guest encapsulation, and further in-depth comprehension of host-multi-guest recognition remain a great challenge. Just like building LEGO blocks, herein, we have constructed a series of high-order layered metal-organic architectures of generation n (n = 1/2/3/4 is also the number of cavities) by multi-component coordination-driven self-assembly using porphyrin-containing tetrapodal ligands (like plates), multiple parallel-podal ligands (like clamps) and metal ions (like nodes). Importantly, these high-order assembled structures possessed different numbers of rigid and separate cavities formed by overlapped porphyrin planes with specific gaps. The host-guest experiments and convincing characterization proved that these capsules G2-G4 could serve as host structures to achieve multi-guest recognition and unprecedentedly encapsulate up to four C60 molecules. More interestingly, these capsules revealed negative cooperation behavior in the process of multi-guest recognition, which provides a new platform to further study complicated host-multi-guest interaction in the field of supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiu Li
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
| | - Zhengguang Li
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Mingzhao Chen
- Department Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University Guangzhou-510006 China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University Guangzhou-510006 China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University Guangzhou-510006 China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
- Department Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University Guangzhou-510006 China
| | - Die Liu
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
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7
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang CB, Hu L, Wang XQ, Wang W, Yang HB. Inducing and Switching the Handedness of Polyacetylenes with Topologically Chiral [2]Catenane Pendants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408271. [PMID: 38837513 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
To explore the chirality induction and switching of topological chirality, poly[2]catenanes composed of helical poly(phenylacetylenes) (PPAs) main chain and topologically chiral [2]catenane pendants are described for the first time. These poly[2]catenanes with optically active [2]catenanes on side chains were synthesized by polymerization of enantiomerically pure topologically chiral [2]catenanes with ethynyl polymerization site and/or point chiral moiety. The chirality information of [2]catenane pendants was successfully transferred to the main chain of polyene backbones, leading to preferred-handed helical conformations, while the introduction of point chiral units has negligible effect on the overall helices. More interestingly, attributed to unique dynamic feature of the [2]catenane pendants, these polymers revealed dynamic response behaviors to solvents, temperature, and sodium ions, resulting in the fully reversible switching on/off of the chirality induction. This work provides not only new design strategy for novel chiroptical switches with topologically chiral molecules but also novel platforms for the development of smart chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chang-Bo Huang
- Coatings Applied Research Asia Pacific, BASF Advanced Chemicals Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Lianrui Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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8
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Zhang Z, Zhao J, Yan X. Mechanically Interlocked Polymers with Dense Mechanical Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:992-1006. [PMID: 38417011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusMechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs) such as polyrotaxanes and polycatenanes are polymer architectures that incorporate mechanical bonds, which represent a compelling frontier in polymer science. MIPs with cross-linked structures are known as mechanically interlocked networks (MINs) and are widely utilized in materials science. Leveraging the motion of mechanical bonds, MINs hold the potential for achieving a combination of robustness and dynamicity. Currently, the reported MINs predominantly consist of networks with discrete mechanical bonds as cross-linking points, exemplified by well-known slide-ring materials and rotaxane/catenane cross-linked polymers. The motion of these mechanically interlocked cross-linking points facilitates the redistribution of tension throughout the network, effectively preventing stress concentration and thereby enhancing material toughness. In these instances, the impact of mechanical bonds can be likened to the adage "small things can make a big difference", whereby a limited number of mechanical bonds substantially elevate the mechanical performance of conventional polymers. In addition to MINs cross-linked by mechanical bonds, there is another type of MIN in which their principal parts are polymer chains composed of dense mechanical bonds. Within these MINs, mechanical bonds generally serve as repeating units, and their unique properties stem from integrating and amplifying the function of a large amount of mechanical bonds. Consequently, MINs with dense mechanical bonds tend to reflect the intrinsic properties of mechanical interlocked polymers, making their exploration critical for a comprehensive understanding of MIPs. Nevertheless, investigations into MINs featuring dense mechanical bonds remain relatively scarce.This Account presents a comprehensive overview of our investigation and insights into MINs featuring dense mechanical bonds. First, we delve into the synthetic strategies employed to effectively prepare MINs with dense mechanical bonds, while critically evaluating their advantages and limitations. Through meticulous control of the core interlocking step, three distinct strategies have emerged: mechanical interlocking followed by polymerization, supramolecular polymerization followed by mechanical interlocking, and dynamic interlocking. Furthermore, we underscore the structure-property relationships of MINs with dense mechanical bonds. The macroscopic properties of MINs originate from integrating and amplifying countless microscopic motions of mechanical bonds, a phenomenon we define as an integration and amplification mechanism. Our investigation has revealed detailed motion characteristics of mechanical bonds in bulk mechanically interlocked materials, encompassing the quantification of motion activation energy, discrimination of varying motion distances, and elucidation of the recovery process. Additionally, we have elucidated their influence on the mechanical performance of the respective materials. Moreover, we have explored potential applications of MINs, leveraging their exceptional mechanical properties and dynamicity. These applications include enhancing the toughness of conventional polymers, engineering mechanically adaptive and multifunctional aerogels, and mitigating Li protrusion as interfacial layers in lithium-ion batteries. Finally, we offer our personal perspectives on the promises, opportunities, and key challenges in the future development of MINs with dense mechanical bonds, underscoring the potential for transformative advancements in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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9
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Dong X, Zhang Z, Xiao H, Liu G, Lei SN, Wang Z, Yan X, Wang S, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. Assembly and Utility of a Drawstring-Mimetic Supramolecular Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318368. [PMID: 38165266 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the drawstring structure in daily life, here we report the development of a drawstring-mimetic supramolecular complex at the molecular scale. This complex consists of a rigid figure-of-eight macrocyclic host molecule and a flexible linear guest molecule which could interact through three-point non-covalent binding to form a highly selective and efficient host-guest assembly. The complex not only resembles the drawstring structure, but also mimics the properties of a drawstring with regard to deformations under external forces. The supramolecular drawstring can be utilized as an interlocked crosslinker for poly(methyl acrylate), and the corresponding polymer samples exhibit comprehensive enhancement of macroscopic mechanical performance including stiffness, strength, and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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10
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Jia Q, Zhao Y. Bioinspired Organic Porous Coupling Agent for Enhancement of Nanoparticle Dispersion and Interfacial Strength. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6403-6413. [PMID: 38261353 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Composite materials have significantly advanced with the integration of inorganic nanoparticles as fillers in polymers. Achieving fine dispersion of these nanoparticles within the composites, however, remains a challenge. This study presents a novel solution inspired by the natural structure of Xanthium. We have developed a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM)-based porous coupling agent, named PCA. PCA's rigid backbone structure enhances interfacial interactions through a unique intermolecular interlocking mechanism. This approach notably improves the dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles in various organic solvents and low-polarity polymers. Significantly, PCA-modified SiO2 nanoparticles embedded in polyisoprene rubber showed enhanced mechanical properties. The Young's modulus increases to 30.7 MPa, compared to 5.4 MPa in hexadecyltrimethoxysilane-modified nanoparticles. Further analysis shows that PCA-modified composites not only become stiffer but also gain strength and ductility. This research demonstrates a novel biomimetic strategy for enhancing interfacial interactions in composites, potentially leading to stronger, more versatile composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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11
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Takashima R, Aoki D, Takahashi A, Otsuka H. A thermally driven rotaxane-catenane interconversion with a dynamic bis(hindered amino) disulfide. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:927-931. [PMID: 37955576 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01693e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a versatile and simple synthetic method to produce a [3]catenane. Heating a rotaxane with bis(hindered amino) disulfide groups at both ends spontaneously and selectively produces the [3]catenane. The successful polymerization of the obtained [3]catenane provides a platform for the synthesis of various interlocking polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikito Takashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba university, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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12
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Chen L, You W, Wang J, Yang X, Xiao D, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Li G, Yu W, Sessler JL, Huang F. Enhancing the Toughness and Strength of Polymers Using Mechanically Interlocked Hydrogen Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1109-1121. [PMID: 38141046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The energy dissipative features of hydrogen bonds under conditions of mechanical strain have provided an ongoing incentive to explore hydrogen bonding units for the purpose of controlling and customizing the mechanical properties of polymeric materials. However, there remains a need for hydrogen bond units that (1) possess directionality, (2) provide selectivity, (3) dissipate energy effectively, and (4) can be incorporated readily into polymeric materials to regulate their mechanical properties. Here, we report mechanically interlocked hydrogen bond units that incorporate multiple hydrogen bonds within a [2]catenane structure. The conformational flexibility and associated spatial folding characteristics of the [2]catenane units allow for molecular scale motion under external stress, while the interlocked structure serves as a pivot that maintains the directionality and selectivity of the resultant hydrogen bonding units. When incorporated into polymers, these interlocked hydrogen bond motifs serve to strengthen and toughen the resulting materials. This study not only presents a novel hydrogen bond unit for creating polymeric materials with improved mechanical properties but also underscores the unique opportunities that mechanically interlocked hydrogen bond structures may provide across a diverse range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Wei You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Ding Xiao
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Huangtianzhi Zhu
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
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13
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Liu J, Wu M, Wu L, Liang Y, Tang ZB, Jiang L, Bian L, Liang K, Zheng X, Liu Z. Infinite Twisted Polycatenanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314481. [PMID: 37794215 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly[n]catenanes have exceptional mechanical bonding properties that give them tremendous potential for use in the development of molecular machines and soft materials. Synthesizing these compounds has, however, proven to be a formidable challenge. Herein, we describe a concise method for the construction of twisted polycatenanes. Our approach involves using preorganized double helicates as templates, linked crosswise in a linear fashion by either silver ions or triple bonds. By using this approach, we successfully synthesized twisted polycatenanes with both coordination and covalent bonding employing Ag(I) ions and ethynylene units, respectively, as the linkages and leveraging the same Ag(I)-templated double helicate in both cases. Synthesis with Ag(I) ions formed a single-crystalline one-dimensional (1D) coordination poly[n]catenane, and synthesis using ethynylene units generated 1D fibers which self-assembled with solvents to form a gel. Our results confirm the potential of multi-stranded metallohelicates for creating sophisticated mechanically interlocked molecules and polymers, which could pave the way for exploration in the realms of molecular nanotopology and materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Yimin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Zheng-Bin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Lifang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Kejiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Xiaorui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, School of Engineering, and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
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