1
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Boiko DA, Arkhipova DM, Ananikov VP. Recognition of Molecular Structure of Phosphonium Salts from the Visual Appearance of Material with Deep Learning Can Reveal Subtle Homologs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403423. [PMID: 39254289 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Determining molecular structures is foundational in chemistry and biology. The notion of discerning molecular structures simply from the visual appearance of a material remained almost unthinkable until the advent of machine learning. This paper introduces a pioneering approach bridging the visual appearance of materials (both at the micro- and nanostructural levels) with traditional chemical structure analysis methods. Quaternary phosphonium salts are opted as the model compounds, given their significant roles in diverse chemical and medicinal fields and their ability to form homologs with only minute intermolecular variances. This research results in the successful creation of a neural network model capable of recognizing molecular structures from visual electron microscopy images of the material. The performance of the model is evaluated and related to the chemical nature of the studied chemicals. Additionally, unsupervised domain transfer is tested as a method to use the resulting model on optical microscopy images, as well as test models trained on optical images directly. The robustness of the method is further tested using a complex system of phosphonium salt mixtures. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study offers the first evidence of the feasibility of discerning nearly indistinguishable molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A Boiko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Daria M Arkhipova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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2
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Tabaru K, Fujihara T, Torii K, Suzuki T, Jing Y, Toyao T, Maeno Z, Shimizu KI, Watanabe T, Sogawa H, Sanda F, Hasegawa JY, Obora Y. Exploring Catalytic Intermediates in Pd-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Amination of 1,3-Dienes: Multiple Metal Interactions of the Palladium Nanoclusters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22993-23003. [PMID: 39110536 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) have unique properties because of their small size, which makes them useful as catalysts in reactions like cross-coupling. Pd-catalyzed oxidative amination, which involves dehydrogenative C-N bond formation, uses Pd complexes as the active species. It is known that the catalytic conditions involve the formation of Pd(0) species from Pd NCs, but the precise role of Pd NCs in the transformations has not been established. In this study, we investigated the characteristic properties of Pd NCs in oxidative amination of 1,3-dienes. The reaction achieved direct amination of commercially accessible 1,3-dienes with secondary aromatic amines, providing a variety of nitrogen containing 1,3-dienes. The compound was applicable to radical polymerization to provide the nitrogen-fabricated 1,3-diene-based polymer, which exhibited a different thermal stability compared to aliphatic nitrogen-fabricated diene polymers. In addition to the synthetic utility, by combining X-ray absorption fine structure and small-angle X-ray scattering analysis, we revealed amines and 1,3-dienes affected metal leaching from the Pd nanoparticles and stabilization of Pd NCs in the catalytic reaction. Additionally, DFT calculation suggested that the catalytic intermediate contained multiple adjacent Pd atoms and was responsible for formation of an σ-allylic intermediate that is difficult to form with the use of Pd complexes. These results could be used to understand the underlying phenomenon in the oxidative coupling reaction and develop Pd NCs-based dehydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tabaru
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Fujihara
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Torii
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Suzuki
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuan Jing
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Zen Maeno
- School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1, Nakano-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Shimizu
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Sogawa
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasushi Obora
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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3
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Kurbakov MY, Sulimova VV, Kopylov AV, Seredin OS, Boiko DA, Galushko AS, Cherepanova VA, Ananikov VP. Determining the orderliness of carbon materials with nanoparticle imaging and explainable machine learning. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13663-13676. [PMID: 38963335 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00952e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Carbon materials have paramount importance in various fields of materials science, from electronic devices to industrial catalysts. The properties of these materials are strongly related to the distribution of defects-irregularities in electron density on their surfaces. Different materials have various distributions and quantities of these defects, which can be imaged using a procedure that involves depositing palladium nanoparticles. The resulting scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images can be characterized by a key descriptor-the ordering of nanoparticle positions. This work presents a highly interpretable machine learning approach for distinguishing between materials with ordered and disordered arrangements of defects marked by nanoparticle attachment. The influence of the degree of ordering was experimentally evaluated on the example of catalysis via chemical reactions involving carbon-carbon bond formation. This represents an important step toward automated analysis of SEM images in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oleg S Seredin
- Tula State University, Lenina Ave. 92, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Daniil A Boiko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexey S Galushko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Vera A Cherepanova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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4
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Prima DO, Kulikovskaya NS, Novikov RA, Kostyukovich AY, Burykina JV, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. Revealing the Mechanism of Combining Best Properties of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis in Hybrid Pd/NHC Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317468. [PMID: 38572820 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The formation of transient hybrid nanoscale metal species from homogeneous molecular precatalysts has been demonstrated by in situ NMR studies of catalytic reactions involving transition metals with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (M/NHC). These hybrid structures provide benefits of both molecular complexes and nanoparticles, enhancing the activity, selectivity, flexibility, and regulation of active species. However, they are challenging to identify experimentally due to the unsuitability of standard methods used for homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis. Utilizing a sophisticated solid-state NMR technique, we provide evidence for the formation of NHC-ligated catalytically active Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) from Pd/NHC complexes during catalysis. The coordination of NHCs via C(NHC)-Pd bonding to the metal surface was first confirmed by observing the Knight shift in the 13C NMR spectrum of the frozen reaction mixture. Computational modeling revealed that as little as few NHC ligands are sufficient for complete ligation of the surface of the formed PdNPs. Catalytic experiments combined with in situ NMR studies confirmed the significant effect of surface covalently bound NHC ligands on the catalytic properties of the PdNPs formed by decomposition of the Pd/NHC complexes. This observation shows the crucial influence of NHC ligands on the activity and stability of nanoparticulate catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya O Prima
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia S Kulikovskaya
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Roman A Novikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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5
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Dupont J, Leal BC, Lozano P, Monteiro AL, Migowski P, Scholten JD. Ionic Liquids in Metal, Photo-, Electro-, and (Bio) Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5227-5420. [PMID: 38661578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them advantageous for catalysis, such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, high thermal and chemical stabilities, and the ability to enhance the activity and stability of (bio)catalysts. ILs can improve the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of bio(transformations) by acting as activators of enzymes, selectively dissolving substrates and products, and reducing toxicity. They can also be recycled and reused multiple times without losing their effectiveness. ILs based on imidazolium cation are preferred for structural organization aspects, with a semiorganized layer surrounding the catalyst. ILs act as a container, providing a confined space that allows modulation of electronic and geometric effects, miscibility of reactants and products, and residence time of species. ILs can stabilize ionic and radical species and control the catalytic activity of dynamic processes. Supported IL phase (SILP) derivatives and polymeric ILs (PILs) are good options for molecular engineering of greener catalytic processes. The major factors governing metal, photo-, electro-, and biocatalysts in ILs are discussed in detail based on the vast literature available over the past two and a half decades. Catalytic reactions, ranging from hydrogenation and cross-coupling to oxidations, promoted by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts in both single and multiphase conditions, are extensively reviewed and discussed considering the knowledge accumulated until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairton Dupont
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bárbara C Leal
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, P.O. Box 4021, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriano L Monteiro
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Pedro Migowski
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
| | - Jackson D Scholten
- Institute of Chemistry - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS, Brasil
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6
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Sipyagina NA, Vlasenko NE, Malkova AN, Kopitsa GP, Gorshkova YE, Kottsov SY, Lermontov SA. Catalytically Active SiO 2 Aerogels Comprising Chelate Complexes of Palladium. Molecules 2024; 29:1868. [PMID: 38675688 PMCID: PMC11054671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of silica-based aerogels comprising novel bifunctional chelating ligands was prepared. To produce target aerogels, two aminosilanes, namely (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS), were acylated by natural amino acids ((S)-(+)-2-phenylglycine or L-phenylalanine), followed by gelation and supercritical drying (SCD). Lithium tetrachloropalladate was used as the metal ion source to prepare strong complexes of Pd2+ with amino acids covalently bonded to a silica matrix. Aerogels bearing chelate complexes retain the Pd2+ oxidation state after supercritical drying in CO2, but the Pd ion is reduced to Pd metal after SCD in isopropanol. Depending on the structure of amino complexes, Pd-containing aerogels showed catalytic activity and selectivity in the hydrogenation reactions of C=C, C≡C and C=O bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A. Sipyagina
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severnij pr., Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (N.E.V.); (A.N.M.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Nikita E. Vlasenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severnij pr., Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (N.E.V.); (A.N.M.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Alena N. Malkova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severnij pr., Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (N.E.V.); (A.N.M.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Gennady P. Kopitsa
- Institute of Silicate Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Adm. Makarova nab., St. Petersburg 199155, Russia;
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P.Konstantinov of NRC «Kurchatov Institute», 1 Orlova Roshcha, Gatchina 188300, Russia
| | - Yulia E. Gorshkova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 St. Joliot-Curie, Dubna 141980, Russia;
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu. Kottsov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Sergey A. Lermontov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severnij pr., Chernogolovka 142432, Russia; (N.E.V.); (A.N.M.); (S.A.L.)
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7
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Rodríguez-Nuévalos S, Espinosa M, Leyva-Pérez A. Soluble individual metal atoms and ultrasmall clusters catalyze key synthetic steps of a natural product synthesis. Commun Chem 2024; 7:76. [PMID: 38575790 PMCID: PMC10995175 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal individual atoms and few-atom clusters show extraordinary catalytic properties for a variety of organic reactions, however, their implementation in total synthesis of complex organic molecules is still to be determined. Here we show a 11-step linear synthesis of the natural product (±)-Licarin B, where individual Pd atoms (Pd1) catalyze the direct aerobic oxidation of an alcohol to the carboxylic acid (steps 1 and 6), Cu2-7 clusters catalyze carbon-oxygen cross couplings (steps 3 and 8), Pd3-4 clusters catalyze a Sonogashira coupling (step 4) and Pt3-5 clusters catalyze a Markovnikov hydrosylilation of alkynes (step 5), as key reactions during the synthetic route. In addition, the new synthesis of Licarin B showcases an unexpected selective alkene hydrogenation with metal-free NaBH4 and an acid-catalyzed intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis as the last step, to forge a trans-alkene group. These results, together, open new avenues in the use of metal individual atoms and clusters in organic synthesis, and confirm their exceptional catalytic activity in late stages during complex synthetic programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodríguez-Nuévalos
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Espinosa
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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8
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Kancherla R, Muralirajan K, Dutta S, Pal K, Li B, Maity B, Cavallo L, Rueping M. Photoexcitation of Distinct Divalent Palladium Complexes in Cross-Coupling Amination Under Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314508. [PMID: 37956272 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of metal complexes that function as both photocatalyst and cross-coupling catalyst remains a challenging research topic. So far, progress has been shown in palladium(0) excited-state transition metal catalysis for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds where the oxidative addition of alkyl/aryl halides to zero-valent palladium (Pd0 ) is achievable at room temperature. In contrast, the analogous process with divalent palladium (PdII ) is uphill and endothermic. For the first time, we report that divalent palladium can act as a light-absorbing species that undergoes double excitation to realize carbon-nitrogen (C-N) cross-couplings under air. Differently substituted aryl halides can be applied in the mild, and selective cross-coupling amination using palladium acetate as both photocatalyst and cross-coupling catalyst at room temperature. Density functional theory studies supported by mechanistic investigations provide insight into the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayan Dutta
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuntal Pal
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bo Li
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bholanath Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Mironenko RM, Eremin DB, Ananikov VP. The phenomenon of "dead" metal in heterogeneous catalysis: opportunities for increasing the efficiency of carbon-supported metal catalysts. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14062-14073. [PMID: 38098715 PMCID: PMC10717466 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04691e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the largely overlooked yet critical issue of "dead" metal in heterogeneous metal catalysts. "Dead" metal refers to the fraction of metal in a catalyst that remains inaccessible to reactants, significantly reducing the overall catalyst performance. As a representative example considered in detail here, this challenge is particularly relevant for carbon-supported metal catalysts, extensively employed in research and industrial settings. We explore key factors contributing to the formation of "dead" metal, including the morphology of the support, metal atom intercalation within the support layers, encapsulation of metal nanoparticles, interference by organic molecules during catalyst preparation, and dynamic behavior under microwave irradiation. Notably, the review outlines a series of strategic approaches to mitigate the occurrence of "dead" metal during catalyst preparation, thus boosting the catalyst efficiency. The knowledge gathered is important for enhancing the preparation of catalysts, especially those containing precious metals. Beyond the practical implications for catalyst design, this study introduces a novel perspective for understanding and optimizing the catalyst performance. The insights are expected to broadly impact different scientific disciplines, empowered with heterogeneous catalysis and driving innovation in energy, environmental science, and materials chemistry, among others. Exploring the "dead" metal phenomenon and potential mitigation strategies brings the field closer to the ultimate goal of high-efficiency, low-cost catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Mironenko
- Center of New Chemical Technologies BIC Neftezavodskaya St. 54 Omsk 644040 Russia
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- Bridge Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles 90089-3502 USA
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky Pr. 47 Moscow 119991 Russia https://AnanikovLab.ru
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Center of New Chemical Technologies BIC Neftezavodskaya St. 54 Omsk 644040 Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Leninsky Pr. 47 Moscow 119991 Russia https://AnanikovLab.ru
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
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10
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Leinauer L, Parla G, Messelbeger J, Herrera A, Heinemann FW, Langer J, Chuchelkin I, Grasruck A, Frieß S, Chelouan A, Gavrilov K, Dorta R. Evolution of a 'privileged' P-alkene ligand: added planar chirality beats BINOL axial chirality in catalytic asymmetric C-C bond formation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14451-14454. [PMID: 37982441 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04972h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Alkene planar chirality is introduced in the 'privileged' P-alkene phosphoramidite ligand 1. The resulting diastereomeric ligands (pR,R)-5 and (pS,R)-5 form optically pure complexes of Rh(I) and Pd(II), which catalyze conjugate additions of boron C-nucleophiles to enones and allylic alkylations, respectively. In the Rh-catalyzed reaction, the planar chirality of the alkene exerts absolute enantiocontrol over the potent BINOL auxiliary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Leinauer
- Department of Chemistry and Pahrmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Giorgio Parla
- Department of Chemistry and Pahrmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julian Messelbeger
- Department of Chemistry and Pahrmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Alberto Herrera
- Department of Chemistry and Pahrmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Frank W Heinemann
- Department of Chemistry and Pahrmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jens Langer
- Department of Chemistry and Pahrmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ilya Chuchelkin
- Department of Chemistry, Ryazan State University Named after S. Yesenin, 46 Svoboda Street, 390000 Ryazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Grasruck
- Department of Chemistry and Pahrmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sibylle Frieß
- Department of Chemistry and Pahrmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ahmed Chelouan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, B.P. 2121, 39, Hannech II, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Konstantin Gavrilov
- Department of Chemistry, Ryazan State University Named after S. Yesenin, 46 Svoboda Street, 390000 Ryazan, Russian Federation
| | - Romano Dorta
- Department of Chemistry and Pahrmacy, Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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11
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Rajapaksha R, Samanta P, Quadrelli EA, Canivet J. Heterogenization of molecular catalysts within porous solids: the case of Ni-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization from zeolites to metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8059-8076. [PMID: 37902965 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has seen a tremendous expansion of the field of heterogenized molecular catalysis, especially with the growing interest in metal-organic frameworks and related porous hybrid solids. With successful achievements in the transfer from molecular homogeneous catalysis to heterogenized processes come the necessary discussions on methodologies used and a critical assessment on the advantages of heterogenizing molecular catalysis. Here we use the example of nickel-catalyzed ethylene oligomerization, a reaction of both fundamental and applied interest, to review heterogenization methodologies of well-defined molecular catalysts within porous solids while addressing the biases in the comparison between original molecular systems and heterogenized counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Rajapaksha
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Partha Samanta
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Elsje Alessandra Quadrelli
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jérôme Canivet
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON - UMR 5256, 2 Av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne, France.
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Zhang Z, Besserer A, Rose C, Brosse N, Terrasson V, Guénin E. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles into Wood Block (Pd@wood) as Efficient Catalyst for 4-Nitrophenol and Cr(VI) Reduction. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2491. [PMID: 37686999 PMCID: PMC10490320 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Palladium (Pd) nanoparticle catalysis has attracted increasing attention due to its efficient catalytic activity and its wide application in environmental protection and chemical synthesis. In this work, Pd nanoparticles (about 71 nm) were synthesized in aqueous solution by microwave-assisted thermal synthesis and immobilized in beech wood blocks as Pd@wood catalysts. The wood blocks were first hydrothermally treated with 10% NaOH solution to improve the internal structure and increase their porosity, thereby providing favorable attachment sites for the formed Pd nanoparticles. The stable deposition of Pd nanoparticle clusters on the internal channels of the wood blocks can be clearly observed. In addition, the catalytic performance of the prepared Pd@wood was investigated through two model reactions: the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and Cr(VI). The Pd@wood catalyst showed 95.4 g-1 s-1 M-1 of normalized rate constant knorm and 2.03 min-1 of the TOF, respectively. Furthermore, Pd nanoparticles are integrated into the internal structure of wood blocks by microwave-assisted thermal synthesis, which is an effective method for wood functionalization. It benefits metal nanoparticle catalysis in the synthesis of fine chemicals as well as in industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France;
| | - Arnaud Besserer
- LERMAB, Université de Lorraine, INRAE, F54000 Nancy, France; (A.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Christophe Rose
- Centre INRAE-Grand Est-Nancy, UMR SYLVA-SILVATECH pole IM3, 54280 Champenoux, France;
| | - Nicolas Brosse
- LERMAB, Université de Lorraine, INRAE, F54000 Nancy, France; (A.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Vincent Terrasson
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France;
| | - Erwann Guénin
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, ESCOM, TIMR (Integrated Transformations of Renewable Matter), Centre de Recherche Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne CEDEX, France;
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