Domino Sequences Involving Stereoselective Hydrazone-Type Heck Reaction and Denitrogenative [1,5]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement

Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular 6-endo Heck Reaction of Alkyl Halides

A novel photocatalytic palladium-induced 6-endo-selective alkyl Heck reaction of unactivated alkyl iodides and alkyl bromides has been described. This strategy facilitates the gentle and efficient synthesis of a variety of 5-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives. It demonstrates a broad substrate tolerance and excellent 6-endo selectivity. Unlike the high-temperature requirements of traditional alkyl Heck reactions, this transformation efficiently proceeds at room temperature and shows significant promise for industrial-scale applications. Mechanistic investigations reveal that this alkyl Heck reaction proceeds via a hybrid palladium-radical process.

Pd(0)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Intramolecular Grignard-Type Reaction of Vinyl Iodide-Carbonyl

The insertion of carbonyl into C(sp2)-Pd(II) σ-bond (Grignard-type addition) was not established until the 1990s. While this elemental reaction has been well explored since then, its application in Pd(0) asymmetric catalysis remain elusive. Herein, we report the Pd(0)-catalyzed asymmetric intramolecular Grignard-type reaction of vinyl iodide-carbonyl in the presence of HCO2H additive, affording cyclic allylic alcohol with good to excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggested that besides serving as an efficient reductant, HCO2H is also capable of facilitating protonation of the involved secondary alkoxyl-Pd(II), thus completely suppressing the β-H elimination. Moreover, no KIE was found in the competing reaction between vinyl iodide-aldehyde and 1-deuterated one, demonstrating the facile step of aldehyde insertion.

Ligand-free Pd-catalyzed highly selective arylation of activated and unactivated alkenes via oxidative and reductive heck coupling

In this work, an eco-friendly, green, efficient approach for oxidative and reductive Heck-Mizoroki (HM) reactions was developed, which offered acceptable yields from first-pass experiments. Mono-arylation was achieved without the use of ligands, directing groups, or prefunctionalized alkenes. Considering mild reaction conditions, good functional group compatibility, and great regioselectivity, the method can find broad applications in novel medicine and material development and discovery processes.

Access to Cyclopentenone via Pd(0)-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of (Z)-5-Iodo-4-pentenenitrile

A ligand-free Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization of (Z)-5-iodo-4-pentenenitrile has been realized with the help of HCO2H reductant, which is followed by imine hydrolysis to afford cyclopentenone derivatives in moderate to good yields. Control experiments clearly points out that the proton originally came from HCO2H plays a crucial role on protonation of the resultant imido-Pd2+ intermediate. This protocol features mild condition, operational simplicity, as well as wide functional group tolerance.

Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Endocyclic 1-Azaallyl Anions: Concise Synthesis of Unprotected Enantioenriched cis-2,3-Diarylpiperidines

Unprotected cis-2,3-diarylpiperidines are synthesized through an unprecedented palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and elusive endocyclic 1-azaallyl anions. These intermediates are generated in situ by the deprotonation of 2-aryl-1-piperideines, precursors that are readily prepared in two operations from simple piperidines. An asymmetric version of this reaction with (2R, 3R)-iPr-BI-DIME as the ligand provides products in moderate to good yields and enantioselectivities. This study significantly expands the synthetic utility of endocyclic 1-azaallyl anions.