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Zhao L, Wu Z, Qin H, Bin G, Gao J, Zeng W, Zhao Y, Chen H. Ambipolar conjugated ladder polymers by room-temperature Knoevenagel polymerization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:11594-11603. [PMID: 39055013 PMCID: PMC11268504 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03222e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Two soluble conjugated ladder polymers (cLPs), decorated with multiple electron-poor species (i.e., cyano groups, fused pentagons, and N-heterocyclic rings), have been synthesized from the newly developed tetraketo-functionalized double aza[5]helicene building blocks using a single-step Knoevenagel polycondensation strategy. This facile approach features mild conditions (e.g., room temperature) and high efficiency, allowing us to quickly access a nonalternant ladder-like conjugated system with the in situ formation of multicyano substituents in the backbone. Analysis by 1H NMR, FT-Raman, and FT-IR spectra confirms the successful synthesis of the resulting cLPs. The combination of theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations reveals that the slightly contorted geometry coupled with a random assignment of trans- and cis-isomeric repeating units in each main chain contributes to improving the solubility of such rigid, multicyano nanoribbon systems. Apart from outstanding thermal stability, the resulting cLPs exhibit attractive red fluorescence, excellent redox properties, and strong π-π interactions coupled with orderly face-on packing in their thin-film states. They are proven to be the first example of ambipolar cLPs that show satisfactory hole and electron mobilities of up to 0.01 and 0.01 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. As we demonstrate, the Knoevenagel polycondensation chemistries open a new window to create complex and unique ladder-like nanoribbon systems under mild reaction conditions that are otherwise challenging to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Zeng Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Hanwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Guangxiong Bin
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Junxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Zhangjiang Laboratory Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Huajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Application Technology of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
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Ren Y, Xu Y. Recent advances in two-dimensional polymers: synthesis, assembly and energy-related applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1823-1869. [PMID: 38192222 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00782k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are a class of 2D crystalline polymer materials with definite structures, which have outstanding physical-chemical and electronic properties. They cleverly link organic building units through strong covalent bonds and can construct functional 2DPs through reasonable design and selection of different monomer units to meet various application requirements. As promising energy materials, 2DPs have developed rapidly in recent years. This review first introduces the basic overview of 2DPs, such as their historical development, inherent 2D characteristics and diversified topological advantages, followed by the summary of the typical 2DP synthesis methods recently (including "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods). The latest research progress in assembly and processing of 2DPs and the energy-related applications in energy storage and conversion are also discussed. Finally, we summarize and prospect the current research status, existing challenges, and future research directions of 2DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Ren
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Liu L, Yu R, Yin L, Zhang N, Zhu G. Porous organic framework membranes based on interface-induced polymerisation: design, synthesis and applications. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1924-1937. [PMID: 38332830 PMCID: PMC10848777 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Porous organic frameworks (POFs) are novel porous materials that have attracted much attention due to their extraordinary properties, such as high specific surface area, tunable pore size, high stability and ease of functionalisation. However, conventional synthesised POFs are mostly large-sized particles or insoluble powders, which are difficult to recycle and have low mass transfer efficiencies, limiting the development of their cutting-edge applications. Therefore, processing POF materials into membrane structures is of great significance. In recent years, interface engineering strategies have proved to be efficient methods for the formation of POF membranes. In this perspective, recent advances in the use of interfaces to prepare POF membranes are reviewed. The challenges of this strategy and the potential applications of the formed POF membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Ruihe Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Liying Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun China
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Yu L, Li S, Lu Y, Wang Z, Fu M, Wei S, Xu C, Wang Q, Liu X, Wang L. Phase Transitions of Naphthalene-2,3-carbonitride Steered by Solvent Effects and Metal Ion Concentration Variation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1072-1078. [PMID: 38154099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The delicate regulation of structural phase transition can provide advanced approaches for fabricating desired and well-organized nanoarchitectures on surfaces. Introduction of metal ions into pure organic systems can facilitate the phase transition from hydrogen-bonded structures to metal-organic structures by coordinating with organic molecules. However, it remains a challenge to attain a phase transition dominated by variable metal coordination configurations through adjustment of the metal ion concentration. Herein, we report the phase transitions of naphthalene-2,3-carbonitride (2,3-DCN) molecules on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) under varying solvents and Cu2+ ion concentrations. By integrating data from scanning tunneling microscopy imaging and density functional theory calculations, it is demonstrated that phase transitions of 2,3-DCN occur through forming diverse coordination configurations where Cu2+ ions can coordinate with 2,3-DCN and 1-nonanoic acid or Cl- ions to form different ligand components with a coordination number of 4 when varying the molar ratios of 2,3-DCN to Cu2+ ion in the 1-nonanoic acid solvent. However, in the case of 1-heptanoic acid as a solvent, the self-assembly structure of 2,3-DCN only changes via the alteration of hydrogen bonding sites and Cu2+ ions do not coordinate with 2,3-DCN molecules. These findings provide valuable insights into the coordination behavior of metal ions in different solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longnan Yu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Sihao Li
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhongping Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mingming Fu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Changgang Xu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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