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Shen Y, Fang B, Shao T, Zhang J, Li H, Wang L, Li P, Wang H, Bai H, Huang K, Hu W, Bian K, Peng B, Li L. Enhanced mitochondrial fluorescence imaging through confinement fluorescence effect within a rigid silicon suboxide network. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 267:116823. [PMID: 39368296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging technology has emerged as a powerful tool for studying intricate mitochondrial morphology within living cells. However, the need for fluorophores with stable fluorescence intensity and low phototoxicity poses significant challenges, particularly for long-term live-cell mitochondrial monitoring. To address this, we introduce the confinement fluorescence effect (CFE) into the design of fluorophores. This strategy involves confining small-molecule fluorophores within a silicon suboxide network structure of nanoparticles (CEF-NPs), which restricts molecular rotation, resulting in the suppression of non-radiative transition and the isolation of encapsulated fluorophores from surrounding quenching factors. CFE-NPs (SY2@SiOx) exhibit exceptional properties, such as high fluorescence intensity (80-fold) and reduced phototoxicity (0.15-fold). Furthermore, the TPP + -functionalized CFE-NPs (SY2@SiOxTPP) demonstrated efficacy in mitochondrial imaging and mitochondrial dynamics monitoring. Biochemistry assays indicated that SY2@SiOxTPP exhibits significantly lower phototoxicity to mitochondrial functions compared to both small-molecule fluorophore and commercial Mito Tracker. This approach allows for the long-term dynamic monitoring of mitochondrial morphological changes through fluorescence imaging, without impairing mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Bin Fang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Haoqin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ka Bian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Minoshima M, Reja SI, Hashimoto R, Iijima K, Kikuchi K. Hybrid Small-Molecule/Protein Fluorescent Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6198-6270. [PMID: 38717865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are powerful tools for visualizing protein localization and function in living cells. These hybrid probes are constructed by diverse site-specific chemical protein labeling approaches through chemical reactions to exogenous peptide/small protein tags, enzymatic post-translational modifications, bioorthogonal reactions for genetically incorporated unnatural amino acids, and ligand-directed chemical reactions. The hybrid small-molecule/protein fluorescent probes are employed for imaging protein trafficking, conformational changes, and bioanalytes surrounding proteins. In addition, fluorescent hybrid probes facilitate visualization of protein dynamics at the single-molecule level and the defined structure with super-resolution imaging. In this review, we discuss development and the bioimaging applications of fluorescent probes based on small-molecule/protein hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Minoshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Shahi Imam Reja
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Ryu Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kohei Iijima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kikuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
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Li M, Luo A, Xu W, Wang H, Qiu Y, Xiao Z, Cui K. A Visual Raman Nano-Delivery System Based on Thiophene Polymer for Microtumor Detection. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:655. [PMID: 38794317 PMCID: PMC11125006 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A visual Raman nano-delivery system (NS) is a widely used technique for the visualization and diagnosis of tumors and various biological processes. Thiophene-based organic polymers exhibit excellent biocompatibility, making them promising candidates for development as a visual Raman NS. However, materials based on thiophene face limitations due to their absorption spectra not matching with NIR (near-infrared) excitation light, which makes it difficult to achieve enhanced Raman properties and also introduces potential fluorescence interference. In this study, we introduce a donor-acceptor (D-A)-structured thiophene-based polymer, PBDB-T. Due to the D-A molecular modulation, PBDB-T exhibits a narrow bandgap of Eg = 2.63 eV and a red-shifted absorption spectrum, with the absorption edge extending into the NIR region. Upon optimal excitation with 785 nm light, it achieves ultra-strong pre-resonant Raman enhancement while avoiding fluorescence interference. As an intrinsically sensitive visual Raman NS for in vivo imaging, the PBDB-T NS enables the diagnosis of microtumor regions with dimensions of 0.5 mm × 0.9 mm, and also successfully diagnoses deeper tumor tissues, with an in vivo circulation half-life of 14.5 h. This research unveils the potential application of PBDB-T as a NIR excited visual Raman NS for microtumor diagnosis, introducing a new platform for the advancement of "Visualized Drug Delivery Systems". Moreover, the aforementioned platform enables the development of a more diverse range of targeted visual drug delivery methods, which can be tailored to specific regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China; (M.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Aoxiang Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Haoze Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China; (M.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yuanyuan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China; (M.L.); (H.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (A.L.); (W.X.); (Y.Q.)
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Jiang W, Qiao Q, Chen J, Bao P, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Xu Z. Rna Buffering Fluorogenic Probe for Nucleolar Morphology Stable Imaging And Nucleolar Stress-Generating Agents Screening. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309743. [PMID: 38326089 PMCID: PMC11022735 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of cell research, membraneless organelles have become a subject of increasing interest. However, their ever-changing and amorphous morphological characteristics have long presented a formidable challenge when it comes to studying their structure and function. In this paper, a fluorescent probe Nu-AN is reported, which exhibits the remarkable capability to selectively bind to and visualize the nucleolus morphology, the largest membraneless organelle within the nucleus. Nu-AN demonstrates a significant enhancement in fluorescence upon its selective binding to nucleolar RNA, due to the inhibited twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) and reduced hydrogen bonding with water. What sets Nu-AN apart is its neutral charge and weak interaction with nucleolus RNA, enabling it to label the nucleolus selectively and reversibly. This not only reduces interference but also permits the replacement of photobleached probes with fresh ones outside the nucleolus, thereby preserving imaging photostability. By closely monitoring morphology-specific changes in the nucleolus with this buffering fluorogenic probe, screenings for agents are conducted that induce nucleolar stress within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Qinglong Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
| | - Jie Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Pengjun Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yi Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yinchan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zhaochao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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Jiang G, Liu H, Liu H, Ke G, Ren TB, Xiong B, Zhang XB, Yuan L. Chemical Approaches to Optimize the Properties of Organic Fluorophores for Imaging and Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315217. [PMID: 38081782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorophores are indispensable tools in cells, tissue and in vivo imaging, and have enabled much progress in the wide range of biological and biomedical fields. However, many available dyes suffer from insufficient performances, such as short absorption and emission wavelength, low brightness, poor stability, small Stokes shift, and unsuitable permeability, restricting their application in advanced imaging technology and complex imaging. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been made to improve these performances of fluorophores. Starting with the luminescence principle of fluorophores, this review clarifies the mechanisms of the insufficient performance for traditional fluorophores to a certain extent, systematically summarizes the modified approaches of optimizing properties, highlights the typical applications of the improved fluorophores in imaging and sensing, and indicates existing problems and challenges in this area. This progress not only proves the significance of improving fluorophores properties, but also provide a theoretical guidance for the development of high-performance fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
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