1
|
Bourda L, Bhandary S, Ito S, Göb CR, Van Der Voort P, Van Hecke K. Analysis of COF-300 synthesis: probing degradation processes and 3D electron diffraction structure. IUCRJ 2024; 11:510-518. [PMID: 38727171 PMCID: PMC11220877 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524003713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Although COF-300 is often used as an example to study the synthesis and structure of (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs), knowledge of the underlying synthetic processes is still fragmented. Here, an optimized synthetic procedure based on a combination of linker protection and modulation was applied. Using this approach, the influence of time and temperature on the synthesis of COF-300 was studied. Synthesis times that were too short produced materials with limited crystallinity and porosity, lacking the typical pore flexibility associated with COF-300. On the other hand, synthesis times that were too long could be characterized by loss of crystallinity and pore order by degradation of the tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)methane (TAM) linker used. The presence of the degradation product was confirmed by visual inspection, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As TAM is by far the most popular linker for the synthesis of 3D COFs, this degradation process might be one of the reasons why the development of 3D COFs is still lagging compared with 2D COFs. However, COF crystals obtained via an optimized procedure could be structurally probed using 3D electron diffraction (3DED). The 3DED analysis resulted in a full structure determination of COF-300 at atomic resolution with satisfying data parameters. Comparison of our 3DED-derived structural model with previously reported single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for this material, as well as parameters derived from the Cambridge Structural Database, demonstrates the high accuracy of the 3DED method for structure determination. This validation might accelerate the exploitation of 3DED as a structure determination technique for COFs and other porous materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Bourda
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281–S3, 9000Ghent, Belgium
- COMOC – Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis – Department of ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281–S39000GhentBelgium
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281–S3, 9000Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sho Ito
- Rigaku Corporation, Haijima, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- COMOC – Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis – Department of ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281–S39000GhentBelgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281–S3, 9000Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu CX, Jiang W, Lei M, Yao MR, Sun XQ, Wang Y, Liu W, Liu LL. Fabrication of Carboxylate-Functionalized 2D MOF Nanosheet with Caged Cavity for Efficient and Selective Extraction of Uranium from Aqueous Solution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308910. [PMID: 38150628 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The efficient removal of radioactive uranium from aqueous solution is of great significance for the safe and sustainable development of nuclear power. An ultrathin 2D metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheet with cavity structures was elaborately fabricated based on a calix[4]arene ligand. Incorporating the permanent cavity structures on MOF nanosheet can fully utilize its structural characteristics of largely exposed surface area and accessible adsorption sites in pollutant removal, achieving ultrafast adsorption kinetics, and the functionalized cavity structure would endow the MOF nanosheets with the ability to achieve preconcentration and extraction of uranium from aqueous solution, affording ultrahigh removal efficiency even in ultra-low concentrations. Thus, more than 97% uranium can be removed from the concentration range of 50-500 µg L-1 within 5 min. Moreover, the 2D nano-material exhibits ultra-high anti-interference ability, which can efficiently remove uranium from groundwater and seawater. The adsorption mechanism was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which revealed that the cavity structure plays an important role in uranium capture. This study not only realizes highly efficient uranium removal from aqueous solution but also opens the door to achieving ultrathin MOF nanosheets with cavity structures, which will greatly expand the applications of MOF nanosheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Yu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Wen Jiang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Min Lei
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Ru Yao
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qin Sun
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Lei Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo Z, Zhang Z, Sun J. Topological Analysis and Structural Determination of 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312889. [PMID: 38290005 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
3D covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) constitute a new type of crystalline materials that consist of a range of porous structures with numerous applications in the fields of adsorption, separation, and catalysis. However, because of the complexity of the three-periodic net structure, it is desirable to develop a thorough structural comprehension, along with a means to precisely determine the actual structure. Indeed, such advancements would considerably contribute to the rational design and application of 3D COFs. In this review, the reported topologies of 3D COFs are introduced and categorized according to the configurations of their building blocks, and a comprehensive overview of diffraction-based structural determination methods is provided. The current challenges and future prospects for these materials will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi'ang Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zeyue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang W, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang L, Yu G. 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks from Design, Synthesis to Applications in Optoelectronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308019. [PMID: 38057125 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new class of crystalline materials connected by covalent bonds, have been developed rapidly in the past decades. However, the research on COFs is mainly focused on two-dimensional (2D) COFs, and the research on three-dimensional (3D) COFs is still in the initial stage. In 2D COFs, the covalent bonds exist only in the 2D flakes and can form 1D channels, which hinder the charge transport to some extent. In contrast, 3D COFs have a more complex pore structure and thus exhibit higher specific surface area and richer active sites, which greatly enhance the 3D charge carrier transport. Therefore, compared to 2D COFs, 3D COFs have stronger applicability in energy storage and conversion, sensing, and optoelectronics. In this review, it is first introduced the design principles for 3D COFs, and in particular summarize the development of conjugated building blocks in 3D COFs, with a special focus on their application in optoelectronics. Subsequently, the preparation of 3D COF powders and thin films and methods to improve the stability and functionalization of 3D COFs are summarized. Moreover, the applications of 3D COFs in electronics are outlined. Finally, conclusions and future research directions for 3D COFs are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han X, Jiang C, Hou B, Liu Y, Cui Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Chirality for Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6733-6743. [PMID: 38418379 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs) have attracted extensive interest for their potential applications in various enantioselective processes. However, the exploitation of chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) that enables a new technology for the injection of spin polarized current without the need for a permanent magnetic layer within CCOFs remains a largely untapped area of research. Here, we demonstrate that, for the first time, COFs can be an attractive platform to develop spin filter materials with efficient CISS. This facilitates the design and synthesis of a new family of Zn(salen)-based 2D CCOFs, namely, CCOFs-9-12, by imine condensation of chiral 1,2-diaminocyclohexane and tri- or tetra(salicylaldehyde) derivatives. CCOF-9, distinguished by its unique C2 symmetric "armchair" tetrasubstituted pyrene conformation, exhibits the most pronounced chirality among these materials and serves as a solid-state host, enabling the enantioselective adsorption of racemic drugs with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of up to 97%. After substituting diamagnetic zinc(II) ions for paramagnetic cobalt(II), the resulting CCOF-9-Co not only retains its high crystallinity, porosity, and exceptional chirality but also exhibits enhanced conductivity, a crucial factor for the effective observation of CISS. Magnetic conductive atomic force microscopy showed that CCOF-9-Co exhibited a remarkable CISS effect with up to an 88-94% spin polarization ratio. This phenomenon is further confirmed by the increased intensity in the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) when CCOF-9-Co is under an external magnetic field. This work therefore shows the tremendous potential of CCOFs for controlling spin selectivity and will stimulate the creation of new types of crystalline polymers with strong CISS effects for spin filters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bang Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ariga K. 2D Materials Nanoarchitectonics for 3D Structures/Functions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:936. [PMID: 38399187 PMCID: PMC10890396 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
It has become clear that superior material functions are derived from precisely controlled nanostructures. This has been greatly accelerated by the development of nanotechnology. The next step is to assemble materials with knowledge of their nano-level structures. This task is assigned to the post-nanotechnology concept of nanoarchitectonics. However, nanoarchitectonics, which creates intricate three-dimensional functional structures, is not always easy. Two-dimensional nanoarchitectonics based on reactions and arrangements at the surface may be an easier target to tackle. A better methodology would be to define a two-dimensional structure and then develop it into a three-dimensional structure and function. According to these backgrounds, this review paper is organized as follows. The introduction is followed by a summary of the three issues; (i) 2D to 3D dynamic structure control: liquid crystal commanded by the surface, (ii) 2D to 3D rational construction: a metal-organic framework (MOF) and a covalent organic framework (COF); (iii) 2D to 3D functional amplification: cells regulated by the surface. In addition, this review summarizes the important aspects of the ultimate three-dimensional nanoarchitectonics as a perspective. The goal of this paper is to establish an integrated concept of functional material creation by reconsidering various reported cases from the viewpoint of nanoarchitectonics, where nanoarchitectonics can be regarded as a method for everything in materials science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan;
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qiao GY, Wang X, Li X, Li J, Geng K, Jin E, Xu JJ, Yu J. Unlocking Synthesis of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Based Three-Dimensional Polycubane Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3373-3382. [PMID: 38272666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Reticular chemistry effectively yields porous structures with distinct topological lattices for a broad range of applications. Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-based octatopic building blocks with a rare Oh symmetric configuration and attracting inorganic features have great potential for creating three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with new topologies. However, the intrinsic flexibility and intensive motion of cubane-type POSS molecules make the construction of 3D regular frameworks challenging. Herein, by fastening three or four POSS cores with per aromatic rigid linker from rational steric directions, we successfully developed serial crystalline 3D COFs with unpresented "the" and scu topologies. Both the experimental and theoretical results proved the formation of target 3D POSS-based COFs. The resultant hybrid networks with designable chemical skeletons and high surface areas maintain the superiorities of both the inorganic and organic components, such as their high compatibility with inorganic salts, abundant periodic electroactive sites, excellent thermal stability, and open multilevel nanochannels. Consequently, the polycubane COFs could serve as outstanding solid electrolytes with a high ionic conductivity of 1.23 × 10-4 S cm-1 and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.86 at room temperature. This work offers a pathway to generate ordered lattices with multiconnected flexible cube motifs and enrich the topologies of 3D COFs for potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Keyu Geng
- Procter and Gamble, Beijing Innovative Center, Beijing 101312, P. R. China
| | - Enquan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tan L, Lou Y, Zhu JJ. High-performance SERS chips for sensitive identification and detection of antibiotic residues with self-assembled hollow Ag octahedra. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14443-14446. [PMID: 37982297 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05297d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
High-performance SERS chips via self-assembled hollow Ag octahedra on PDMS were employed to achieve the sensitive identification and detection of antibiotic residues. The developed SERS chips were successfully applied in the detection of ciprofloxacin (CIP), amoxicillin (AMX) and cefazolin (CZL) in wastewater and tap water samples, as well as enrofloxacin (ENR) in milk, demonstrating the sensitive determination of antibiotics in the real environment. From this perspective, these SERS chips are expected to expand the on spot sensitive detection and identification field of antibiotic residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yongbing Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| |
Collapse
|