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Shubham, Naina VR, Roesky PW. Luminescent Tetranuclear Copper(I) and Gold(I) Heterobimetallic Complexes: A Phosphine Acetylide Amidinate Orthogonal Ligand Framework for Selective Complexation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401696. [PMID: 38758593 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of phosphine acetylide amidinate stabilized copper(I) and gold(I) heterobimetallic complexes was achieved by reacting ligand [{Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}Li(thf)3] (Dipp=2,6-N,N'-diisopropylphenyl) with CuCl and Au(tht))Cl, yielding the eight membered ring [{Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Cu2] and the twelve membered ring [{Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Au2]. {Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Cu2] features a Cu2 unit, which is bridged by two amidinate ligands, served as a metalloligand to synthesize the heterobimetallic CuI/AuI complexes [{(AuX)Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Cu2] (X=Cl, C6F5). In these reactions, the central ring structure is retained. In contrast, when the twelve membered ring [{Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Au2] was reacted with CuX (X=Cl, Br, I and Mes), the reaction led to the rearrangement of the central ring structure to give [{(AuX)Ph2PC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Cu2] (X=Cl, Br, I and Mes), which feature the same the eight membered Cu2 ring as above. These compounds were also synthesized by a one-pot reaction. The luminescent heterobimetallic complexes were further investigated for their photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr.12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vanitha R Naina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr.12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr.12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr.12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Zheng SJ, Ma J, Su J, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME, Li TY. Simultaneous Thermally Stimulated Delayed Phosphorescence (TSDP) and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) in a Two-Coordinated Au(I) Bimetallic Complex Featuring a Tandem Carbene Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19042-19049. [PMID: 38950194 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
A bimetallic, two-coordinated carbene-metal-amine (cMa) Au(I) complex featuring a twisted tandem carbene structure (NHC1-Au-NHC2-Au-carbazolyl) was synthesized. The molecular structure in single crystals revealed a large dihedral angle between the two carbene ligands, while the bridged carbene NHC2 and carbazolyl (Cz) ligands were coplanar. A bluish green thermally stimulated delayed phosphorescence (TSDP) was observed in crystals with an emission lifetime over 70 μs, which can be attributed to the spin allowed diabatic population of a high-lying emissive triplet state from the 3LE characterized low-lying ones. The small rotation energy barrier of Cz along the coordination bond allowed conformers with large dihedral angles between NHC2 and Cz. The ICT characterized S1 state was consequently stabilized to achieve a thermally accessible energy gap to facilitate ISC between triplets and the S1, leading to the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Simultaneous TSDP and TADF dual emission can be recorded in its doped polymer film owing to the coexistence of these different conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Junru Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Tian-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 XueYuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Li TY, Zheng SJ, Djurovich PI, Thompson ME. Two-Coordinate Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Coinage Metal Complexes: Molecular Design, Photophysical Characters, and Device Application. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4332-4392. [PMID: 38546341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the first green light emission from a fluorescent thin-film organic light emitting diode (OLED) in the mid-1980s, a global consumer market for OLED displays has flourished over the past few decades. This growth can primarily be attributed to the development of noble metal phosphorescent emitters that facilitated remarkable gains in electrical conversion efficiency, a broadened color gamut, and vibrant image quality for OLED displays. Despite these achievements, the limited abundance of noble metals in the Earth's crust has spurred ongoing efforts to discover cost-effective electroluminescent materials. One particularly promising avenue is the exploration of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), a mechanism with the potential to fully harness excitons in OLEDs. Recently, investigations have unveiled TADF in a series of two-coordinate coinage metal (Cu, Ag, and Au) complexes. These organometallic TADF materials exhibit distinctive behavior in comparison to their organic counterparts. They offer benefits such as tunable emissive colors, short TADF emission lifetimes, high luminescent quantum yields, and reasonable stability. Impressively, both vacuum-deposited and solution-processed OLEDs incorporating these materials have achieved outstanding performance. This review encompasses various facets on two-coordinate TADF coinage metal complexes, including molecular design, photophysical characterizations, elucidation of structure-property relationships, and OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shu-Jia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peter I Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Mitra M, Mrózek O, Putscher M, Guhl J, Hupp B, Belyaev A, Marian CM, Steffen A. Structural Control of Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Carbene Zinc(II) Dithiolates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316300. [PMID: 38063260 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Luminescent metal complexes based on earth abundant elements are a valuable target to substitute 4d/5d transition metal complexes as triplet emitters in advanced photonic applications. Whereas CuI complexes have been thoroughly investigated in the last two decades for this purpose, no structure-property-relationships for efficient luminescence involving triplet excited states from ZnII complexes are established. Herein, we report on the design of monomeric carbene zinc(II) dithiolates (CZT) featuring a donor-acceptor-motif that leads to highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with for ZnII compounds unprecedented radiative rate constants kTADF =1.2×106 s-1 at 297 K. Our high-level DFT/MRCI calculations revealed that the relative orientation of the ligands involved in the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (1/3 LLCT) states is paramount to control the TADF process. Specifically, a dihedral angle of 36-40° leads to very efficient reverse intersystem-crossing (rISC) on the order of 109 s-1 due to spin-orbit coupling (SOC) mediated by the sulfur atoms in combination with a small ΔES1-T1 of ca. 56 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousree Mitra
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ondřej Mrózek
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Markus Putscher
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jasper Guhl
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hupp
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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