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Li Y, Castillo HD, Dobscha JR, Morgan AR, Tait SL, Flood AH. Breaking Radial Dipole Symmetry in Planar Macrocycles Modulates Edge-to-Edge Packing and Disrupts Cofacial Stacking. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302946. [PMID: 37950681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Dipolar interactions are ever-present in supramolecular architectures, though their impact is typically revealed by making dipoles stronger. While it is also possible to assess the role of dipoles by altering their orientations by using synthetic design, doing so without altering the molecular shape is not straightforward. We have now done this by flipping one triazole unit in a rigid macrocycle, tricarb. The macrocycle is composed of three carbazoles (2 Debye) and three triazoles (5 Debye) defining an array of dipoles aligned radially but organized alternately in and out. These dipoles are believed to dictate edge-to-edge tiling and face-to-face stacking. We modified our synthesis to prepare isosteric macrocycles with the orientation of one triazole dipole rotated 40°. The new dipole orientation guides edge-to-edge contacts to reorder the stability of two surface-bound 2D polymorphs. The impact on dipole-enhanced π stacking, however, was unexpected. Our stacking model identified an unchanged set of short-range (3.4 Å) anti-parallel dipole contacts. Despite this situation, the reduction in self-association was attributed to long-range (~6.4 Å) dipolar repulsions between π-stacked macrocycles. This work highlights our ability to control the build-up and symmetry of macrocyclic skeletons by synthetic design, and the work needed to further our understanding of how dipoles control self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Henry D Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - James R Dobscha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Amanda R Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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2
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Umesh, Ralhan J, Kumar V, Bhatt H, Nath D, Mavlankar NA, Ghosh HN, Pal A. Thermo-Chemical Cues-Mediated Strategy to Control Peptide Self-Assembly and Charge Transfer Complexation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2754-2763. [PMID: 38275136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are known for their remarkable ability to undergo molecular self-assembly, a process that is highly responsive to the local microenvironment. Herein, we design a pyrene tethered peptide amphiphile Py-VFFAKK, 1 that exhibits pathway-driven self-assembly from metastable nanoparticles to kinetically controlled nanofibers and thermodynamically stable twisted bundles upon modulations in pH, temperature, and chemical cues. The presence of the pyrene moiety ensures donation of the electron to an electron acceptor, namely, 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), to form a supramolecular charge transfer complex in aqueous solution that was studied in detail with microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Excitation of the donor species in its excimer state facilitates electron donation to the acceptor moiety, paving away a long-lived charge-separated state that persists for over a nanosecond, as ascertained through transient absorption spectroscopy. Finally, the self-assembled charge transfer complex is explored toward antimicrobial properties with Escherichia coli while maintaining biocompatibility toward L929 mice fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Jahanvi Ralhan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Himanshu Bhatt
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Debasish Nath
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Nimisha A Mavlankar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Asish Pal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
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3
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Guo Y, Li L, Huang S, Sun H, Shao Y, Li Z, Song F. Exploring Linker-Group-Guided Self-Assembly of Ultrathin 2D Supramolecular Nanosheets in Water for Synergistic Cancer Phototherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54851-54862. [PMID: 37968254 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Water is ubiquitous in natural systems where it builds an essential environment supporting biological supramolecular polymers to function, transport, and exchange. However, this extreme polar environment becomes a hindrance for the superhydrophobic functional π-conjugated molecules, causing significant negative impacts on regulating their aggregation pathways, structures, and properties of the subsequently assembled nanomaterials. It especially makes the self-assembly of ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) functional nanomaterials by π-conjugated molecules a grand challenge in water, although ultrathin 2D functional nanomaterials have exhibited unique and superior properties. Herein, we demonstrate the organic solvent-free self-assembly of one-molecule-thick 2D nanosheets based on exploring how side chain modifications rule the aggregation behaviors of π-conjugated macrocycles in water. Through an in-depth understanding of the roles of linking groups for side chains on affecting the aggregation behaviors of porphyrins in water, the regulation of molecular arrangement in the aggregated state (H- or J-type aggregation) was attained. Moreover, by arranging ionic porphyrins into 2D single layers through J-aggregation, the ultrathin nanosheets (thickness ≈ 2 nm) with excellent solubility and stability were self-assembled in pure water, which demonstrated both outstanding 1O2 generation and photothermal capability. The ultrathin nanosheets were further investigated as metal- and carrier-free nanodrugs for synergetic phototherapies of cancers both in vitro and in vivo, which are highly desirable by combining the advantages and avoiding the disadvantages of the single use of PDT or PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Guo
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Lukun Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Shuheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Han Sun
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Shao
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Li
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fengling Song
- Institute of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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4
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Ko CH, Zhu Q, Bullard G, Tassinari F, Morisue M, Naaman R, Therien MJ. Electron Spin Polarization and Rectification Driven by Chiral Perylene Diimide-Based Nanodonuts. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10271-10277. [PMID: 37939254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect allows thin-film layers of chiral conjugated molecules to function as spin filters at ambient temperature. Through solvent-modulated dropcasting of chiral l- and d-perylene diimide (PDI) monomeric building blocks, two types of aggregate morphologies, nanofibers and nanodonuts, may be realized. Spin-diode behavior is evidenced in the nanodonut structures. Stacked PDI units, which form the conjugated core of these nanostructures, dominate the nanodonut-Au electrode contact; in contrast, the AFM tip contacts largely the high-resistance solubilizing alkyl chains of the chiral monomers that form these nanodonuts. Current-voltage responses of the nanodonuts, measured by magnetic conductive AFM (mC-AFM), demonstrate substantial spin polarizations as well as spin current rectification ratios (>10) that exceed the magnitudes of those determined to date for other chiral nanoscale systems. These results underscore the potential for chiral nanostructures, featuring asymmetric molecular junctions, to enable CISS-based nanoscale spin current rectifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Qirong Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - George Bullard
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Francesco Tassinari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mitsuhiko Morisue
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michael J Therien
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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5
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Zika A, Agarwal M, Schweins R, Gröhn F. Double-Wavelength-Switchable Molecular Self-Assembly of a Photoacid and Spirooxazine in an Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9563-9568. [PMID: 37861686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Quadruple-switchable nanoscale assemblies are built by combining two types of water-soluble molecular photoswitches through dipole-dipole interaction. Uniting the wavelength-specific proton dissociation of a photoacid and ring-opening of an anionic spirooxazine results in an assembly that can be addressed by irradiation with two different wavelengths: pH and darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zika
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- DS/LSS Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Ralf Schweins
- DS/LSS Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Franziska Gröhn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Paulino V, Liu K, Cesiliano V, Tsironi I, Mukhopadhyay A, Kaufman M, Olivier JH. Covalent post-assembly modification of π-conjugated supramolecular polymers delivers structurally robust light-harvesting nanoscale objects. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4448-4456. [PMID: 36752225 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-component stapling strategy is used to covalently tether a new class of water-soluble supramolecular polymers built from bay-functionalized perylene bisimide (PBI) units. By leveraging a novel combined strategy where excitonic coupling and fluorescence data are exploited as spectroscopic reporters, structural design principles are established to form light-harvesting superstructures whose ground-state electronic properties are not sensitive to solvation environments. Moreover, we interrogate the structural properties of stapled superstructures by capitalizing on the drastic changes in fluorescence quantum yields against parent supramolecular assemblies. In essence, our work shows that the combination of excitonic coupling measurements and photoluminescence experiments delineates a more accurate understanding of the design principles required to limit the degree of structural defects and magnify short- and long-range electronic couplings between redox-active units in this new class of solvated nanoscale objects. These results highlight that the fragile conformation of non-covalent assemblies, which are regulated by weak secondary interactions, can be preserved by post-assembly modification of preformed supramolecular polymers. These synthetic and spectroscopic principles can in turn be codified as experimental handles to parameterize the optoelectronic properties of light-harvesting nanoscale objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Paulino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Kaixuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Valentino Cesiliano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Ifigeneia Tsironi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Arindam Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Maria Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Jean-Hubert Olivier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Cox Science Centre, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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7
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Göç YB, Poziemski J, Smolińska W, Suwała D, Wieczorek G, Niedzialek D. Tracking Topological and Electronic Effects on the Folding and Stability of Guanine-Deficient RNA G-Quadruplexes, Engineered with a New Computational Tool for De Novo Quadruplex Folding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231910990. [PMID: 36232294 PMCID: PMC9570295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231910990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial aim of this work was to elucidate the mutual influence of different single-stranded segments (loops and caps) on the thermodynamic stability of RNA G-quadruplexes. To this end, we used a new NAB-GQ-builder software program, to construct dozens of two-tetrad G-quadruplex topologies, based on a designed library of sequences. Then, to probe the sequence–morphology–stability relationships of the designed topologies, we performed molecular dynamics simulations. Their results provide guidance for the design of G-quadruplexes with balanced structures, and in turn programmable physicochemical properties for applications as biomaterials. Moreover, by comparative examinations of the single-stranded segments of three oncogene promoter G-quadruplexes, we assess their druggability potential for future therapeutic strategies. Finally, on the basis of a thorough analysis at the quantum mechanical level of theory on a series of guanine assemblies, we demonstrate how a valence tautomerism, triggered by a coordination of cations, initiates the process of G-quadruplex folding, and we propose a sequential folding mechanism, otherwise dictated by the cancellation of the dipole moments on guanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Burak Göç
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland or
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological & Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Poziemski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland or
| | - Weronika Smolińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland or
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Suwała
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland or
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wieczorek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland or
- Molecure SA, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Niedzialek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland or
- Correspondence:
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8
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Ghosh G, Chakraborty A, Pal P, Jana B, Ghosh S. Direct Participation of Solvent Molecules in the Formation of Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201082. [PMID: 35475531 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article reports supramolecular polymerization of two bis-amide functionalized naphthalene-diimide (NDI) building blocks (NDI-L and NDI-C) in two solvents, namely n-heptane (Hep) and methylcyclohexane (MCH). NDI-L and NDI-C differ only by the peripheral hydrocarbon wedges, consisting of linear C7 chains or cyclic methylcyclohexane rings, respectively. UV/Vis and FTIR spectroscopy studies reveal distinct internal order and H-bonding pattern for NDI-L and NDI-C aggregates irrespective of the solvent system, indicating the dominant role of the intrinsic packing parameters of the individual building block, possibly influenced by the peripheral steric crowding. However, NDI-L produces a significantly stronger gel in Hep compared to MCH as evident from the rheological and thermal properties. In contrast, NDI-C exhibits a clear preference for MCH, producing gel with moderate strength but in Hep it fails to produce 1D morphology or gelation. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies corroborate with the experimental observation and provide the rationale for the observed solvent-shape effect by revealing a quantitative estimate regarding the thermodynamics of self-assembly in these four combinations. Such clear-cut shape-matching effect (between the peripheral hydrocarbon wedge and the solvent system) unambiguously support a direct participation of the solvent molecules during supramolecular polymerization and presence of a closely-adhered solvent shell around the supramolecular polymers, similar to the first layer of water molecules around the protein surface. Solvent induced CD experiments support this hypothesis as induced CD band was observed only from a chiral co-solvent of matching shape. This is reconfirmed by the higher de-solvation temperature of the shape-matching NDI/solvent system combination compared to the shape mis-match combination in variable temperature UV/Vis experiments, revealing transformation to a different aggregate at higher temperatures rather than disassembly to the monomer for all four combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anwesha Chakraborty
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Prasun Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Biman Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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9
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Kotha S, Sahu R, Srideep D, Yamijala SSRKC, Reddy SK, Rao KV. Cooperative supramolecular polymerization guided by dispersive interactions. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200494. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinu Kotha
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | - Rahul Sahu
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Centre for Computational and Data Science INDIA
| | - Dasari Srideep
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | - Sharma S. R. K. C. Yamijala
- IIT Madras: Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomistic Modelling and Materials Design INDIA
| | - Sandeep Kumar Reddy
- IIT Kharagpur: Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Centre for Computational and Data Science INDIA
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10
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Liao R, Wang F, Guo Y, Han Y, Wang F. Chirality-Controlled Supramolecular Donor-Acceptor Copolymerization with Distinct Energy Transfer Efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9775-9784. [PMID: 35621014 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chirality delivers substantial value to the field of supramolecular polymers, not only serving as a probe to monitor the dynamic assembly process but providing access to chiroptical materials. The current study demonstrates that, for supramolecular donor-acceptor copolymers, their comonomer organization modes can be greatly influenced by stereocommunication at the molecular level. The enantiopure N-[(1R or 1S)-phenylethyl]benzamides are incorporated into two structurally similar comonomers, locating between the π-aromatic diethynylacene core and the alkyl chain peripheries. Parallel arrangement of the stereogenic methyl units brings steric hindrance between the homochiral comonomers, which is relieved for the heterochiral comonomers due to the adoption of staggered arrangement. It consequently steers randomly mixed organization for the homochiral supramolecular copolymers within the nanofibers. In comparison, the heterochiral counterparts form nanoparticles in an alternate donor-acceptor organization manner. The variation of comonomer arrangement modes gives rise to distinct energy transfer efficiency at the supramolecular level. Overall, the elaborate manipulation of stereogenic centers in the comonomer structures exerts significant impacts on the characteristics of supramolecular copolymers, which could be useful for chiral sensing, recognition, and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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11
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Tan M, Takeuchi M, Takai A. Spatiotemporal dynamics of supramolecular polymers by in situ quantitative catalyst-free hydroamination. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4413-4423. [PMID: 35509456 PMCID: PMC9006958 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing chemical reactivity into synthetic supramolecular polymers based on π-conjugated molecules has been of great interest to create functional materials with spatiotemporal dynamic properties. However, the development of an in situ chemical reaction within supramolecular polymers is still in its infancy, because one needs to design optimal π-conjugated monomers having excellent reactivity under mild conditions possibly without byproducts or a catalyst. Herein we report the synthesis of a supramolecular polymer based on ethynyl core-substituted naphthalenediimide (S-NDI2) molecules that react with various amines quantitatively in a nonpolar solvent, without a catalyst, at 298 K. Most interestingly, the in situ reaction of the S-NDI2 supramolecular polymer with a linear aliphatic diamine proceeded much faster than the homogeneous reaction of a monomeric naphthalenediimide with the same diamine, affording diamine-linked S-NDI2 oligomers and polymers. The acceleration of in situ hydroamination was presumably due to rapid intra-supramolecular cross-linking between ethynyl and amino groups fixed in close proximity within the supramolecular polymer. Such intra-supramolecular cross-linking did not occur efficiently with an incompatible diamine. The systematic kinetic studies of in situ catalyst-free hydroamination within supramolecular polymers provide us with a useful, facile and versatile tool kit for designing dynamic supramolecular polymeric materials based on electron-deficient π-conjugated monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Tan
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Atsuro Takai
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
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12
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Qiao J, Zhao W, Yu Y, Feng S, An X, Zhang J, Ji W, Wang X, Lu J, Ni Z. Aggregation-Dependent Dielectric Permittivity in 2D Molecular Crystals. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101198. [PMID: 35174978 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of 2D molecular crystal-based devices crucially depends on their intrinsic properties, such as molecular energy levels, light absorption efficiency, and dielectric permittivity, which are highly sensitive to molecular aggregation. Here, it is demonstrated that the dielectric permittivity of the 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8 -BTBT) molecular crystals on monolayer WS2 substrates can be tuned from 4.62 in the wetting layer to 2.25 in the second layer. Its origin lies in the different molecular orientations in the wetting layer (lying-down) and in the subsequently stacked layers (standing-up), which lead to a positive Coulomb coupling (JCoup ) value (H-aggregation) and a negative JCoup value (J-aggregation), respectively. Polarized optical contrast spectroscopy reveals that the permittivity of C8 -BTBT is anisotropic, and its direction is related to the underlying substrate. The study offers guidelines for future manipulation of the permittivity of 2D molecular crystals, which may promote their applications toward various electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Yang
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Optoelectronic Science, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, 264209, P. R. China
| | - Jingsi Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfang Yu
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Feng
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Xuhong An
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & MicroNano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Xinran Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Lu
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
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13
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Srideep D, Sriram K, Kotha S, Babu DJ, Singh SK, Rao KV. Synthesis and Self-assembly of Benzoperylene Benzimidazoles: Tunable Morphology with Aggregation Induced Enhanced Emission. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200099. [PMID: 35235252 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Benzoperylene benzimidazoles ( BPBIs ) based π-systems are synthesized and their self-assembly in both non-polar and polar solvents is investigated. Due to the presence of donor and acceptor functional groups, BPBIs absorb light up to 600 nm and display red fluorescence (575-800 nm). Depending on the solvent and side chain, BPBIs self-assemble into various nanostructures such as nanoribbons, nanorods, nanofibers and nanoparticles. Notably, these ordered nanostructures are formed by BPBIs in both polar and non-polar solvents without the aid of hydrogen bonding and amphiphilic interactions due to the presence of a large rigid π-system. Interestingly, BPBIs follow a weakly cooperative mechanism during the self-assembly. Moreover, BPBIs show aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in all the self-assembled nanostructures which is not common for rigid π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasari Srideep
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Kasilingam Sriram
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, INDIA
| | - Srinu Kotha
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Deepu J Babu
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, INDIA
| | | | - Kotagiri Venkata Rao
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, Kandi, 502285, Hyderabad, INDIA
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14
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Sasikumar D, Vinod K, Sunny J, Hariharan M. Exciton interactions in helical crystals of a hydrogen-bonded eumelanin monomer. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2331-2338. [PMID: 35310511 PMCID: PMC8864807 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eumelanin, a naturally occurring group of heterogeneous polymers/aggregates providing photoprotection to living organisms, consist of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) building blocks. Despite their prevalence in the animal world, the structure and therefore the mechanism behind the photoprotective broadband absorption and non-radiative decay of eumelanin remain largely unknown. As a small step towards solving the incessant mystery, DHI is crystallized in a non-protic solvent environment to obtain DHI crystals having a helical packing motif. The present approach reflects the solitary directional effect of hydrogen bonds between the DHI chromophores for generating the crystalline assembly and filters out any involvement of the surrounding solvent environment. The DHI single crystals having an atypical chiral packing motif (P212121 Sohncke space group) incorporate enantiomeric zig-zag helical stacks arranged in a herringbone fashion with respect to each other. Each of the zig-zag helical stacks originates from a bifurcated hydrogen bonding interaction between the hydroxyl substituents in adjacent DHI chromophores which act as the backbone structure for the helical assembly. Fragment-based excited state analysis performed on the DHI crystalline assembly demonstrates exciton delocalization along the DHI units that connect each enantiomeric helical stack while, within each stack, the excitons remain localized. Fascinatingly, over the time evolution for generation of single-crystals of the DHI-monomer, mesoscopic double-helical crystals are formed, possibly attributed to the presence of covalently connected DHI trimers in chloroform solution. The oligomeric DHI (in line with the chemical disorder model) along with the characteristic crystalline packing observed for DHI provides insights into the broadband absorption feature exhibited by the chromophore. Single crystals of DHI monomer, a eumelanin precursor, adopt an atypical chiral packing arrangement incorporating enantiomeric zig-zag helical stacks while its covalently connected DHI trimer forms double-helical crystals in the mesoscopic scale.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Sasikumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Jeswin Sunny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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15
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Kawaura M, Aizawa T, Takahashi S, Miyasaka H, Sotome H, Yagai S. Fluorescent supramolecular polymers of barbiturate dyes with thiophene-cored twisted π-systems. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1281-1287. [PMID: 35222911 PMCID: PMC8809409 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06246h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because supramolecular polymerization of emissive π-conjugated molecules depends strongly on π-π stacking interaction, the formation of well-defined one-dimensional nanostructures often results in a decrease or only a small increase of emission efficiency. This is also true for our barbiturate-based supramolecular polymers wherein hydrogen-bonded rosettes of barbiturates stack quasi-one-dimensionally through π-π stacking interaction. Herein we report supramolecular polymerization-induced emission of two regioisomeric 2,3-diphenylthiophene derivatives functionalized with barbituric acid and tri(dodecyloxy)benzyl wedge units. In CHCl3, both compounds are molecularly dissolved and accordingly poorly emissive due to a torsion-induced non-radiative decay. In methylcyclohexane-rich conditions, these barbiturates self-assemble to form crystalline nanofibers and exhibit strongly enhanced emission through supramolecular polymerization driven by hydrogen-bonding. Our structural analysis suggests that the barbiturates form a tape-like hydrogen-bonding motif, which is rationalized by considering that the twisted geometries of 2,3-diphenylthiophene cores prevend the competing rosettes from stacking into columnar supramolecular polymers. We also found that a small difference in the molecular polarity originating from the substitutional position of the thiophene core influences interchain association of the supramolecular polymers, affording different luminescent soft materials, gel and nanosheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maika Kawaura
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takumi Aizawa
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Sho Takahashi
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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16
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Rajak A, Das A. Programmed Macromolecular Assembly by Dipole-Dipole Interactions with Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Emission in Aqueous Medium. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:223-231. [PMID: 36855564 PMCID: PMC9954255 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling polymers by bioinspired directional supramolecular interactions currently hold great scientific and technological interests. Herein, we report an unorthodox strategy based on a dipole-dipole interaction-mediated extended antiparallel dipolar assembly of a model merocyanine (MC) dye for maneuvering the self-assembly of a highly water-soluble MC-functionalized block copolymer (P2). Unlike traditional amphiphilic block copolymers featuring distinct hydrophobic segments (flexible aliphatic hydrocarbon chains or rigid nonpolar aromatic scaffolds), P2 comprises polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (PEG) as a hydrophilic block and an unconventional structure-directing acrylate block functionalized with polar MC-dyes in the side chains of every repeat unit. In the absence of any additional hydrophobic assistance, P2 spontaneously self-assembles in water through the continuous opposite alignment of its pendant MCs by multiple dipole-dipole interactions to cancel out their ground state dipole moments, which initially generates an H-aggregated species with ill-defined morphology (Aggregate 1). Upon thermal annealing, Aggregate 1 reorganizes into higher-order core-shell nanodisc-like structures (Aggregate 2) driven by the orthogonal π-stacking interactions of the rigid aromatic framework derived from the extended cofacial MC-stacks. The aromatic interiors of the nanodiscs gain colloidal stability from the externally decorated hydrophilic PEG chains. While the initially formed Aggregate 1, predominantly by dipole-dipole interactions, showed remarkable thermal stability due to the cooperative effect of the polymer chain, the hierarchical assembly guided by relatively weaker dispersion forces of the MC-stacked π-surfaces could be tailored by dilution or thermal treatment. Such organized packing of pendant MCs by the dual effect of dipole-dipole interactions and π-stacking conferred several exciting properties to the P2 assembly in water. Long-range ordered antiparallel stacking of the pendant MCs rendered outstanding aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) properties to the resultant nanostructures in water with increased fluorescence lifetime, quantum yield, and Stokes shift compared to nonaggregating P2 in CHCl3. The remarkable thermal and kinetic stability of the nanodiscs, their guest loading ability, and very low critical aggregation concentration (CAC) were demonstrated by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies with an encapsulated donor-acceptor dye pair.
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17
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Wilson‐Kovacs RS, Fang X, Hagemann MJL, Symons HE, Faul CFJ. Design and Control of Perylene Supramolecular Polymers through Imide Substitutions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103443. [PMID: 34595777 PMCID: PMC9298417 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The number and type of new supramolecular polymer (SMP) systems have increased rapidly in recent years. Some of the key challenges faced for these novel systems include gaining full control over the mode of self-assembly, the creation of novel architectures and exploring functionality. Here, we provide a critical overview of approaches related to perylene-based SMPs and discuss progress to exert control over these potentially important SMPs through chemical modification of the imide substituents. Imide substitutions affect self-assembly behaviour orthogonally to the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of the perylene core, making for a valuable approach to tune SMP properties. Several recent approaches are therefore highlighted, with a focus on controlling 1) morphology, 2) H- or J- aggregation, and 3) mechanism of growth and degree of aggregation using thermodynamic and kinetic control. Areas of potential future exploration and application of these functional SMPs are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue Fang
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | | | - Henry E. Symons
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | - Charl F. J. Faul
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
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18
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Piskorz T, de Vries AH, van Esch JH. How the Choice of Force-Field Affects the Stability and Self-Assembly Process of Supramolecular CTA Fibers. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:431-440. [PMID: 34812627 PMCID: PMC8757428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, computational methods have become an essential element of studies focusing on the self-assembly process. Although they provide unique insights, they face challenges, from which two are the most often mentioned in the literature: the temporal and spatial scale of the self-assembly. A less often mentioned issue, but not less important, is the choice of the force-field. The repetitive nature of the supramolecular structure results in many similar interactions. Consequently, even a small deviation in these interactions can lead to significant energy differences in the whole structure. However, studies comparing different force-fields for self-assembling systems are scarce. In this article, we compare molecular dynamics simulations for trifold hydrogen-bonded fibers performed with different force-fields, namely GROMOS, CHARMM General Force Field (CGenFF), CHARMM Drude, General Amber Force-Field (GAFF), Martini, and polarized Martini. Briefly, we tested the force-fields by simulating: (i) spontaneous self-assembly (none form a fiber within 500 ns), (ii) stability of the fiber (observed for CHARMM Drude, GAFF, MartiniP), (iii) dimerization (observed for GROMOS, GAFF, and MartiniP), and (iv) oligomerization (observed for CHARMM Drude and MartiniP). This system shows that knowledge of the force-field behavior regarding interactions in oligomer and larger self-assembled structures is crucial for designing efficient simulation protocols for self-assembling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz
K. Piskorz
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - A. H. de Vries
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. van Esch
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
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19
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Wang W, Yao Q, Sun A, Wang W. Nanomechanical behavior of hierarchical self‐assemblies of perylene bisimide derivatives. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Qing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Abin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Wenpin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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20
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Yoshida M, Hirao T, Haino T. Self-assembly of neutral platinum complexes controlled by thermal inputs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8356-8359. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02571j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the self-assembly behavior of neutral platinum complexes in toluene. The platinum complexes were seen to form two different types of assemblies depending on the preparation...
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21
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Wang C, Xie F, Zhong H, Wang F, Huang N. Hierarchical lyotropic liquid crystalline behaviors of supramolecular polymers influenced by alkyl chain branching. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral chain branching in monomeric structures influences the hierarchical supramolecular assembly and lyotropic liquid crystalline properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xie
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Ningdong Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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22
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Mentzel P, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Wodyński A, Kaupp M, Würthner F, Lambert C. Excited states and spin–orbit coupling in chalcogen substituted perylene diimides and their radical anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26254-26268. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02723b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of chalcogen bay-substituted perylene diimides show increasing SOC, which was investigated in detail via (time-resolved) optical spectroscopy, (spectro)electrochemistry, EPR spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mentzel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Martínez M, Doncel-Giménez A, Cerdá J, Calbo J, Rodríguez R, Aragó J, Crassous J, Ortí E, Sánchez L. Distance Matters: Biasing Mechanism, Transfer of Asymmetry, and Stereomutation in N-Annulated Perylene Bisimide Supramolecular Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13281-13291. [PMID: 34378925 PMCID: PMC8478275 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two series of N-annulated perylene bisimides (PBIs), compounds 1 and 2, is reported, and their self-assembling features are thoroughly investigated by a complete set of spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations. The study corroborates the enormous influence that the distance between the PBI core and the peripheral groups exerts on the chiroptical properties and the supramolecular polymerization mechanism. Compounds 1, with the peripheral groups separated from the central PBI core by two methylenes and an ester group, form J-type supramolecular polymers in a cooperative manner but exhibit negligible chiroptical properties. The lack of clear helicity, due to the staircase arrangement of the self-assembling units in the aggregate, justifies these features. In contrast, attaching the peripheral groups directly to the N-annulated PBI core drastically changes the self-assembling properties of compounds 2, which form H-type aggregates following an isodesmic mechanism. These H-type aggregates show a strong aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect that leads to nonemissive aggregates. Chiral (S)-2 and (R)-2 experience an efficient transfer of asymmetry to afford P- and M-type aggregates, respectively, although no amplification of asymmetry is achieved in majority rules or "sergeants-and-soldiers" experiments. A solvent-controlled stereomutation is observed for chiral (S)-2 and (R)-2, which form helical supramolecular polymers of different handedness depending on the solvent (methylcyclohexane or toluene). The stereomutation is accounted for by considering the two possible conformations of the terminal phenyl groups, eclipsed or staggered, which lead to linear or helical self-assemblies, respectively, with different relative stabilities depending on the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel
A. Martínez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Azahara Doncel-Giménez
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jesús Cerdá
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Univ
Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ
Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán, 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Samanta S, Raval P, Manjunatha Reddy GN, Chaudhuri D. Cooperative Self-Assembly Driven by Multiple Noncovalent Interactions: Investigating Molecular Origin and Reassessing Characterization. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1391-1399. [PMID: 34471682 PMCID: PMC8393228 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative interactions play a pivotal role in programmable supramolecular assembly. Emerging from a complex interplay of multiple noncovalent interactions, achieving cooperativity has largely relied on empirical knowledge. Its development as a rational design tool in molecular self-assembly requires a detailed characterization of the underlying interactions, which has hitherto been a challenge for assemblies that lack long-range order. We employ extensive one- and two-dimensional magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR spectroscopy to elucidate key structure-directing interactions in cooperatively bound aggregates of a perylene bisimide (PBI) chromophore. Analysis of 1H-13C cross-polarization heteronuclear correlation (CP-HETCOR) and 1H-1H double-quantum single-quantum (DQ-SQ) correlation spectra allow the identification of through-space 1H···13C and 1H···1H proximities in the assembled state and reveals the nature of molecular organization in the solid aggregates. Emergence of cooperativity from the synergistic interaction between a stronger π-stacking and a weaker interstack hydrogen-bonding is elucidated. Finally, using a combination of optical absorption, circular dichroism, and high-resolution MAS NMR spectroscopy based titration experiments, we investigate the anomalous solvent-induced disassembly of aggregates. Our results highlight the disparity between two well-established approaches of characterizing cooperativity, using thermal and good solvent-induced disassembly. The anomaly is explained by elucidating the difference between two disassembly pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Samanta
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Parth Raval
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité
de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - G. N. Manjunatha Reddy
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité
de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Debangshu Chaudhuri
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of
Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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25
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Kang J, Zhu J, Lin J, Han C, Liu K, Wang X. Ring Size-Dependent Solution Behavior of Macrocycles: Dipole–Dipole Attraction Counteracted by Excluded Volume Repulsion. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Junli Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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26
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Robayo-Molina I, Molina-Osorio AF, Guinane L, Tofail SAM, Scanlon MD. Pathway Complexity in Supramolecular Porphyrin Self-Assembly at an Immiscible Liquid-Liquid Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9060-9069. [PMID: 34115491 PMCID: PMC8227452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Nanostructures that
are inaccessible through spontaneous thermodynamic
processes may be formed by supramolecular self-assembly under kinetic
control. In the past decade, the dynamics of pathway complexity in
self-assembly have been elucidated through kinetic models based on
aggregate growth by sequential monomer association and dissociation.
Immiscible liquid–liquid interfaces are an attractive platform
to develop well-ordered self-assembled nanostructures, unattainable
in bulk solution, due to the templating interaction of the interface
with adsorbed molecules. Here, we report time-resolved in
situ UV–vis spectroscopic observations of the self-assembly
of zinc(II) meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPc) at an
immiscible aqueous–organic interface. We show that the kinetically
favored metastable J-type nanostructures form quickly, but then transform
into stable thermodynamically favored H-type nanostructures. Numerical
modeling revealed two parallel and competing cooperative pathways
leading to the different porphyrin nanostructures. These insights
demonstrate that pathway complexity is not unique to self-assembly
processes in bulk solution and is equally valid for interfacial self-assembly.
Subsequently, the interfacial electrostatic environment was tuned
using a kosmotropic anion (citrate) in order to influence the pathway
selection. At high concentrations, interfacial nanostructure formation
was forced completely down the kinetically favored pathway, and only
J-type nanostructures were obtained. Furthermore, we found by atomic
force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy that the J- and
H-type nanostructures obtained at low and high citric acid concentrations,
respectively, are morphologically distinct, which illustrates the
pathway-dependent material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Robayo-Molina
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Andrés F Molina-Osorio
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Luke Guinane
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Syed A M Tofail
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Micheál D Scanlon
- The Bernal Institute and Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick (UL), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering (AMBER) Centre, CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
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27
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Tamaki K, Aizawa T, Yagai S. Wavy supramolecular polymers formed by hydrogen-bonded rosettes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4779-4782. [PMID: 33949513 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A barbiturate-functionalized supramolecular monomer bearing an ester-linked biphenyl and azobenzene π-conjugated core affords wavy supramolecular polymers. The periodic inversion of curvature is due to the conformational rigidity of the monomer and repulsive interactions between rosettes. Photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety increases the fragility of the main chain without deteriorating its periodic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Tamaki
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takumi Aizawa
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. and Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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28
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Sarkar A, Sasmal R, Das A, Agasti SS, George SJ. Kinetically controlled synthesis of supramolecular block copolymers with narrow dispersity and tunable block lengths. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3937-3940. [PMID: 33871492 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of supramolecular block copolymers (BCPs) from small monomers has been recently attempted. However, the lack of dispersity and length control of the blocky segments limits its functional outcome. Herein we demonstrate the synthesis of well-defined supramolecular BCPs with tunable block lengths by varying the monomer to seed ratio in a kinetically controlled seeded supramolecular polymerization process. Structured Illumination microscopy (SIM) and spectroscopic analyses provide structural characterization of these supramolecular BCPs, which offers various possibilities as axial organic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sarkar
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Ranjan Sasmal
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Angshuman Das
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Subi J George
- Supramolecular Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India.
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29
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Yamauchi M, Yamamoto S, Masuo S. A Highly Ordered Quantum Dot Supramolecular Assembly Exhibiting Photoinduced Emission Enhancement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Kwansei Gakuin University 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Seiya Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Kwansei Gakuin University 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Sadahiro Masuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Kwansei Gakuin University 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
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30
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Yamauchi M, Yamamoto S, Masuo S. A Highly Ordered Quantum Dot Supramolecular Assembly Exhibiting Photoinduced Emission Enhancement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6473-6479. [PMID: 33368995 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent supramolecular assembly systems enable the generation of materials with outstanding properties, not obtained from single-component systems, via a synergetic effect. Herein, we demonstrate a novel supramolecular coassembly system rendering highly ordered quantum dot (QD) arrangement structures formed via the self-assembly of azobenzene derivatives, where the photocontrollable photoluminescence (PL) properties of the QDs are realized based on photoisomerization. Upon mixing the assembled azobenzene derivatives and QDs in apolar media, a time-evolution coaggregation into hierarchical nanosheets with a highly ordered QD arrangement structure occurs. Upon photoirradiation, the nanosheets transform into ill-defined aggregates without arranged QDs together with enhancing the PL intensity. In days, the photoirradiated coaggregates undergo recovery of the PL properties corresponding to the arranged QDs through thermal isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Masuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
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31
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Wade J, Hilfiker JN, Brandt JR, Liirò-Peluso L, Wan L, Shi X, Salerno F, Ryan STJ, Schöche S, Arteaga O, Jávorfi T, Siligardi G, Wang C, Amabilino DB, Beton PH, Campbell AJ, Fuchter MJ. Natural optical activity as the origin of the large chiroptical properties in π-conjugated polymer thin films. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6137. [PMID: 33262352 PMCID: PMC7708482 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light have been demonstrated with the promise of achieving important technological advances; from efficient, high-performance displays, to 3D imaging and all-organic spintronic devices. However, the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has, until now, remained elusive. We investigate the emergence of such phenomena in achiral polymers blended with a chiral small-molecule additive (1-aza[6]helicene) and intrinsically chiral-sidechain polymers using a combination of spectroscopic methods and structural probes. We show that – under conditions relevant for device fabrication – the large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling (natural optical activity), not structural chirality as previously assumed, and may occur because of local order in a cylinder blue phase-type organisation. This disruptive mechanistic insight into chiral polymer thin films will offer new approaches towards chiroptical materials development after almost three decades of research in this area. Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wade
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James N Hilfiker
- J.A. Woollam Co. Inc., 645M Street, Suite 102, Lincoln, NE, 68508-2243, USA
| | - Jochen R Brandt
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Letizia Liirò-Peluso
- School of Chemistry & The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK.,School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xingyuan Shi
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Francesco Salerno
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Seán T J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Stefan Schöche
- J.A. Woollam Co. Inc., 645M Street, Suite 102, Lincoln, NE, 68508-2243, USA
| | - Oriol Arteaga
- Departament de Física Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, IN2UB, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Tamás Jávorfi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - David B Amabilino
- School of Chemistry & The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alasdair J Campbell
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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32
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Mabesoone MJ, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. Solute-Solvent Interactions in Modern Physical Organic Chemistry: Supramolecular Polymers as a Muse. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19781-19798. [PMID: 33174741 PMCID: PMC7705892 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between solvents and solutes are a cornerstone of physical organic chemistry and have been the subject of investigations over the last century. In recent years, a renewed interest in fundamental aspects of solute-solvent interactions has been sparked in the field of supramolecular chemistry in general and that of supramolecular polymers in particular. Although solvent effects in supramolecular chemistry have been recognized for a long time, the unique opportunities that supramolecular polymers offer to gain insight into solute-solvent interactions have become clear relatively recently. The multiple interactions that hold the supramolecular polymeric structure together are similar in strength to those between solute and solvent. The cooperativity found in ordered supramolecular polymers leads to the possibility of amplifying these solute-solvent effects and will shed light on extremely subtle solvation phenomena. As a result, many exciting effects of solute-solvent interactions in modern physical organic chemistry can be studied using supramolecular polymers. Our aim is to put the recent progress into a historical context and provide avenues toward a more comprehensive understanding of solvents in multicomponent supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs
F. J. Mabesoone
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and the Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and the Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems and the Laboratory of Macromolecular
and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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33
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Mayoral MJ, Guilleme J, Calbo J, Aragó J, Aparicio F, Ortí E, Torres T, González-Rodríguez D. Dual-Mode Chiral Self-Assembly of Cone-Shaped Subphthalocyanine Aromatics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21017-21031. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María J. Mayoral
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Julia Guilleme
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fátima Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - David González-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
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34
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Kundu A, Sen S, Patwari GN. Dipole Moment Propels π-Stacking of Heterodimers of Fluorophenylacetylenes. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7470-7477. [PMID: 32809828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electronic and vibrational spectroscopic investigations in combination with quantum chemical calculations were carried out to probe the formation of four sets of heterodimers of phenylacetylene with 2-fluorohenylacetylene, 3-fluorophenylacetylene, 4-fluorophenylacetylene, and 2,6-difluorophenylacetylene. The interaction of phenylacetylene with fluorophenylacetylenes leads to marginal (2-9 cm-1) red-shifts in the acetylenic C-H stretching frequencies of fluorophenylacetylenes, which suggests that constituent monomers are minimally perturbed in the heterodimer. On the other hand, the density-functional-theory-based calculations indicate that π-stacked structures outweigh other structures incorporating C-H···π and C-H···F interactions by about 8 kJ mol-1 or more. The IR spectra in the acetylenic C-H stretching region were interpreted based on the perturbed dipole model, which suggests formation of predominantly antiparallel π-stacked structures, propelled by dipole moment. However, the energy decomposition analysis suggests that among stabilizing components dispersion dominates, while electrostatics plays a pivotal role in the formation of the π-stacked structures. Interestingly, the ability of 2-fluorophenylacetylene and 2,6-difluorophenylacetylene to π-stack differs significantly, even though both of them have almost identical dipole moments and the dipole moment propels the formation of π-stack structures. These results suggest π-stacking transcends the classical electrostatic description in terms of dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Saumik Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - G Naresh Patwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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35
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Transient dormant monomer states for supramolecular polymers with low dispersity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3967. [PMID: 32770122 PMCID: PMC7415150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporally controlled cooperative and living supramolecular polymerization by the buffered release of monomers has been recently introduced as an important concept towards obtaining monodisperse and multicomponent self-assembled materials. In synthetic, dynamic supramolecular polymers, this requires efficient design strategies for the dormant, inactive states of the monomers to kinetically retard the otherwise spontaneous nucleation process. However, a generalized design principle for the dormant monomer states to expand the scope of precision supramolecular polymers has not been established yet, due to the enormous differences in the mechanism, energetic parameters of self-assembly and monomer exchange dynamics of the diverse class of supramolecular polymers. Here we report the concept of transient dormant states of monomers generated by redox reactions as a predictive general design to achieve monodisperse supramolecular polymers of electronically active, chromophoric or donor-acceptor, monomers. The concept has been demonstrated with charge-transfer supramolecular polymers with an alternating donor-acceptor sequence. Monodisperse and well-defined self-assembled materials can be obtained by fuel-driven temporally controlled supramolecular polymerization via the buffered release of monomers. Here the authors show that a redox-responsive transient dormant state of monomer generated by redox reaction can lead to supramolecular polymers with low dispersity.
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36
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Greciano EE, Calbo J, Ortí E, Sánchez L. N
‐Annulated Perylene Bisimides to Bias the Differentiation of Metastable Supramolecular Assemblies into J‐ and H‐Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa E. Greciano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universidad de Valencia C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol) Universidad de Valencia C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
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37
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Greciano EE, Calbo J, Ortí E, Sánchez L. N-Annulated Perylene Bisimides to Bias the Differentiation of Metastable Supramolecular Assemblies into J- and H-Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17517-17524. [PMID: 32537822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The unique self-assembling features of N-annulated perylene bisimides (PBIs) 1 and 2 are reported. The stability of the aggregates of diester 1, in which no H-bonding interactions are operative, corroborates the significance of long-range van der Waals and dipole-dipole electrostatic interactions in the construction of stable supramolecular assemblies. The incorporation of amide functional groups within the N-annulated PBI in 2 stimulates pathway differentiation to achieve up to three J-type aggregates and a fourth H-type aggregate depending on the experimental conditions. The results presented demonstrate unprecedented levels of control over synthetic supramolecular self-assembly and the rich differentiation that N-annulated PBIs exhibit, opening the door to new, complex, functional supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa E Greciano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Gao Z, Chen Z, Han Y, Wang F. Cyanostilbene-based vapo-fluorochromic supramolecular assemblies for reversible 3D code encryption. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1081-1087. [PMID: 32436499 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scanning codes with the capability for stimuli-triggered decryption are urgently needed to prevent information leakage and counterfeiting. Compared to conventional 1D barcodes and 2D QR codes, 3D codes show promise in this field thanks to the presence of four different colors in the icon, with great information variability. Up to now, encrypted 3D code development has primarily focused on chemical reaction-based systems, leading to information decryption in an irreversible transformation manner. Herein, a novel and intelligent 3D code encryption system has been constructed with full reversibility and a fast response, taking advantage of the luminescent vapochromism of cyanostilbene-based supramolecular assemblies. Information in the inkjet-printed 3D code is specifically decrypted through vapor fuming with chlorinated solvents, while it is reversibly encrypted upon removing the vapor. Hence, this study provides a novel and effective strategy for obtaining high-performance smart scanning codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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Mabesoone MFJ, Ter Huurne GM, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW. How Water in Aliphatic Solvents Directs the Interference of Chemical Reactivity in a Supramolecular System. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12400-12408. [PMID: 32543841 PMCID: PMC7366503 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Water is typically considered to be insoluble in alkanes. Recently, however, monomerically dissolved water in alkanes has been shown to dramatically impact the structure of hydrogen-bonded supramolecular polymers. Here, we report that water in methylcyclohexane (MCH) also determines the outcome of combining a Michael reaction with a porphyrin-based supramolecular system. In dry conditions, the components of the reaction do not affect or destabilize the supramolecular polymer, whereas in ambient or wet conditions the polymers are rapidly destabilized. Although spectroscopic investigations show no effect of water on the molecular structure of the supramolecular polymer, light scattering and atomic force microscopy experiments show that water increases the flexibility of the supramolecular polymer and decreases the polymer length. Through a series of titrations, we show that a cooperative interaction, involving the coordination of the amine catalyst to the porphyrin and complexation of the substrates to the flexible polymers invokes the depolymerization of the aggregates. Water crucially stabilizes these cooperative interactions to cause complete depolymerization in humid conditions. Additionally, we show that the humidity-controlled interference in the polymer stability occurs with various substrates, indicating that water may play a ubiquitous role in supramolecular polymerizations in oils. By controlling the amount of water, the influence of a covalent chemical process on noncovalent aggregates can be mediated, which holds great potential to forge a connection between chemical reactivity and supramolecular material structure. Moreover, our findings highlight that understanding cooperative interactions in multicomponent noncovalent systems is crucial to design complex molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs F J Mabesoone
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs M Ter Huurne
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R A Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and the Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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40
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Sarkar A, Behera T, Sasmal R, Capelli R, Empereur-Mot C, Mahato J, Agasti SS, Pavan GM, Chowdhury A, George SJ. Cooperative Supramolecular Block Copolymerization for the Synthesis of Functional Axial Organic Heterostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11528-11539. [PMID: 32501694 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular block copolymerzation with optically or electronically complementary monomers provides an attractive bottom-up approach for the non-covalent synthesis of nascent axial organic heterostructures, which promises to deliver useful applications in energy conversion, optoelectronics, and catalysis. However, the synthesis of supramolecular block copolymers (BCPs) constitutes a significant challenge due to the exchange dynamics of non-covalently bound monomers and hence requires fine microstructure control. Furthermore, temporal stability of the segmented microstructure is a prerequisite to explore the applications of functional supramolecular BCPs. Herein, we report the cooperative supramolecular block copolymerization of fluorescent monomers in solution under thermodynamic control for the synthesis of axial organic heterostructures with light-harvesting properties. The fluorescent nature of the core-substituted naphthalene diimide (cNDI) monomers enables a detailed spectroscopic probing during the supramolecular block copolymerization process to unravel a nucleation-growth mechanism, similar to that of chain copolymerization for covalent block copolymers. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) imaging of BCP chains characterizes the segmented microstructure and also allows size distribution analysis to reveal the narrow polydispersity (polydispersity index (PDI) ≈ 1.1) for the individual block segments. Spectrally resolved fluorescence microscopy on single block copolymerized organic heterostructures shows energy migration and light-harvesting across the interfaces of linearly connected segments. Molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations provide useful mechanistic insights into the free energy of interaction between the monomers as well as into monomer exchange mechanisms and dynamics, which have a crucial impact on determining the copolymer microstructure. Our comprehensive spectroscopic, microscopic, and computational analyses provide an unambiguous structural, dynamic, and functional characterization of the supramolecular BCPs. The strategy presented here is expected to pave the way for the synthesis of multi-component organic heterostructures for various functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Tejmani Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ranjan Sasmal
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Riccardo Capelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Charly Empereur-Mot
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Jaladhar Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sarit S Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi24, 10129 Torino, Italy.,Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Arindam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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41
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Baig KS. Interaction of enzymes with lignocellulosic materials: causes, mechanism and influencing factors. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractFor the production of biofuel (bioethanol), enzymatic adsorption onto a lignocellulosic biomass surface is a prior condition for the enzymatic hydrolysis process to occur. Lignocellulosic substances are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The polysaccharide matrix (cellulose and hemicellulose) is capable of producing bioethanol. Therefore, lignin is removed or its concentration is reduced from the adsorption substrates by pretreatments. Selected enzymes are used for the production of reducing sugars from cellulosic materials, which in turn are converted to bioethanol. Adsorption of enzymes onto the substrate surface is a complicated process. A large number of research have been performed on the adsorption process, but little has been done to understand the mechanism of adsorption process. This article reviews the mechanisms of adsorption of enzymes onto the biomass surfaces. A conceptual adsorption mechanism is presented which will fill the gaps in literature and help researchers and industry to use adsorption more efficiently. The process of enzymatic adsorption starts with the reciprocal interplay of enzymes and substrates and ends with the establishment of molecular and cellular binding. The kinetics of an enzymatic reaction is almost the same as that of a characteristic chemical catalytic reaction. The influencing factors discussed in detail are: surface characteristics of the participating materials, the environmental factors, such as the associated flow conditions, temperature, concentration, etc. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials and optimum range of shear force and temperature for getting better results of adsorption are recommended.
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42
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Sarkar A, Sasmal R, Empereur-mot C, Bochicchio D, Kompella SVK, Sharma K, Dhiman S, Sundaram B, Agasti SS, Pavan GM, George SJ. Self-Sorted, Random, and Block Supramolecular Copolymers via Sequence Controlled, Multicomponent Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7606-7617. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sarkar
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMAt), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Ranjan Sasmal
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMAt), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Charly Empereur-mot
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Srinath V. K. Kompella
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Kamna Sharma
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMAt), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shikha Dhiman
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMAt), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sundaram
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sarit S. Agasti
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMAt), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Subi J. George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMAt), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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43
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Gu Y, Shen H, Li Y. Tuning Intramolecular Charge Transfer through Adjusting Hydrogen Bonding by Anions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Han Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS)CAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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44
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Wang L, Cheng L, Li G, Liu K, Zhang Z, Li P, Dong S, Yu W, Huang F, Yan X. A Self-Cross-Linking Supramolecular Polymer Network Enabled by Crown-Ether-Based Molecular Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2051-2058. [PMID: 31905287 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers based on host-guest molecular recognition have emerged as promising platforms for the development of smart materials. However, the studies on them are primarily conducted in solution and/or in the gel state. In contrast, little is known about dynamic properties and applications of supramolecular polymers in bulk. Herein, we present a self-cross-linking supramolecular polymer network (SPN) as a model system to understand the bulk properties controlled by noncovalent interactions. Specifically, the SPN monomer is composed of two benzo-21-crown-7 (B21C7) host units and two dialkylammonium salt guest moieties on a four-arm core, wherein complementary host-guest complexation drives the formation of the SPN with [2]pseudorotaxane linkages between B21C7 and ammonium motifs. The dynamic and reversible behaviors of the linkages are evaluated by measurement of viscoelasticity. The results indicate that the host-guest molecular recognition becomes highly dynamic at elevated temperature. Moreover, the relatively high activation energy of the SPN manifests itself as a new type of thermoplastic material with network topology freezing glass transition. Finally, we demonstrate how these findings provide insights into the malleability and processability of the SPN by simple demos. The fundamental understanding gained from the research on this SPN in bulk will facilitate the advancement and application of supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Peitong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , People's Republic of China
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45
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Aizawa T, Aratsu K, Datta S, Mashimo T, Seki T, Kajitani T, Silly F, Yagai S. Hydrogen bond-directed supramolecular polymorphism leading to soft and hard molecular ordering. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4280-4283. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of metastable supramolecular stacks of hydrogen-bonded rosettes composed of an ester-containing barbiturated naphthalene into crystalline nanosheets occurs through the rearrangement of hydrogen-bonding patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Aizawa
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-85223
- Japan
| | - Keisuke Aratsu
- Division of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-85223
- Japan
| | - Sougata Datta
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
| | - Takaki Mashimo
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center (FCC) Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center (FCC) Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Suzukakedai Materials Analysis Division
- Technical Department
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | | | - Shiki Yagai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR)
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46
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Ghosh G, Dey P, Ghosh S. Controlled supramolecular polymerization of π-systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6757-6769. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02787a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Externally-initiated controlled supramolecular polymerization of the kinetically trapped aggregated state in a chain growth mechanism can produce well-defined living supramolecular polymers and copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Pradip Dey
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation Science
- Kolkata
- India
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47
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Jamadar A, Das A. A pH-responsive graftable supramolecular polymer with tailorable surface functionality by orthogonal halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00944b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Orthogonal halogen (X)-bonding and hydrogen (H)-bonding have been employed for constructing a surface functionalizable supramolecular polymer in water featuring tunable morphology and dual stimuli (pH and temperature) responsive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshoy Jamadar
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS)
- Kolkata-700032
- India
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS)
- Kolkata-700032
- India
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48
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Helmers I, Niehues M, Kartha KK, Ravoo BJ, Fernández G. Synergistic repulsive interactions trigger pathway complexity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8944-8947. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03603j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the impact of synergistic repulsive interactions on pathway complexity in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmers
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Maximilian Niehues
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Kalathil K. Kartha
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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49
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Wehner M, Würthner F. Supramolecular polymerization through kinetic pathway control and living chain growth. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Rao KV, Mabesoone MFJ, Miyajima D, Nihonyanagi A, Meijer EW, Aida T. Distinct Pathways in “Thermally Bisignate Supramolecular Polymerization”: Spectroscopic and Computational Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:598-605. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kotagiri Venkata Rao
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Mathijs F. J. Mabesoone
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and the Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Daigo Miyajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nihonyanagi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and the Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Takuzo Aida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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