1
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Angello NH, Friday DM, Hwang C, Yi S, Cheng AH, Torres-Flores TC, Jira ER, Wang W, Aspuru-Guzik A, Burke MD, Schroeder CM, Diao Y, Jackson NE. Closed-loop transfer enables artificial intelligence to yield chemical knowledge. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07892-1. [PMID: 39198655 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence-guided closed-loop experimentation has emerged as a promising method for optimization of objective functions1,2, but the substantial potential of this traditionally black-box approach to uncovering new chemical knowledge has remained largely untapped. Here we report the integration of closed-loop experiments with physics-based feature selection and supervised learning, denoted as closed-loop transfer (CLT), to yield chemical insights in parallel with optimization of objective functions. CLT was used to examine the factors dictating the photostability in solution of light-harvesting donor-acceptor molecules used in a variety of organic electronics applications, and showed fundamental insights including the importance of high-energy regions of the triplet state manifold. This was possible following automated modular synthesis and experimental characterization of only around 1.5% of the theoretical chemical space. This physics-informed model for photostability was strengthened using multiple experimental test sets and validated by tuning the triplet excited-state energy of the solvent to break out of the observed plateau in the closed-loop photostability optimization process. Further applications of CLT to additional materials systems support the generalizability of this strategy for augmenting closed-loop strategies. Broadly, these findings show that combining interpretable supervised learning models and physics-based features with closed-loop discovery processes can rapidly provide fundamental chemical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Angello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - David M Friday
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Changhyun Hwang
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Seungjoo Yi
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Austin H Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiara C Torres-Flores
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Edward R Jira
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Wesley Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Acceleration Consortium, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Martin D Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Nicholas E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Molecule Maker Lab, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Molecule Maker Lab Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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2
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Zhang Q, Huang J, Wang K, Huang W. Recent Structural Engineering of Polymer Semiconductors Incorporating Hydrogen Bonds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110639. [PMID: 35261083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly planar, extended π-electron organic conjugated polymers have been increasingly attractive for achieving high-mobility organic semiconductors. In addition to the conventional strategy to construct rigid backbone by covalent bonds, hydrogen bond has been employed extensively to increase the planarity and rigidity of polymer via intramolecular noncovalent interactions. This review provides a general summary of high-mobility semiconducting polymers incorporating hydrogen bonds in field-effect transistors over recent years. The structural engineering of the hydrogen bond-containing building blocks and the discussion of theoretical simulation, microstructural characterization, and device performance are covered. Additionally, the effects of the introduction of hydrogen bond on self-healing, stretchability, chemical sensitivity, and mechanical properties are also discussed. The review aims to help and inspire design of new high-mobility conjugated polymers with superiority of mechanical flexibility by incorporation of hydrogen bond for the application in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- CAS key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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3
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Gayathiridevi K, Pasupathi G, Deepa B, Kaviyarasu K, Ayeshamariam A. Growth and characterization studies of 3-aminobenzene sulfonic acid single crystal for thermal application. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2022.2034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Gayathiridevi
- Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University Constituent College for Women, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Pasupathi
- PG & Research Department of Physics, A.V.V.M. Sripushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B. Deepa
- PG & Research Department of Physics, A.V.V.M. Sripushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Kaviyarasu
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience’s Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), Somerset West, Western Cape Province, South Africa
| | - A. Ayeshamariam
- Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University Constituent College for Women, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Physics, Khadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
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4
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Kargeti A, Rasheed T, Ahmad Siddiqui S. Utilization of asymmetrical electron transport as strategy for modelling and design of efficient single molecule diodes: A DFT investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Bhowal R, Balaraman AA, Ghosh M, Dutta S, Dey KK, Chopra D. Probing Atomistic Behavior To Unravel Dielectric Phenomena in Charge Transfer Cocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:1024-1037. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Bhowal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anina Anju Balaraman
- Materials Science Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Aerospace Laboratories, Kodihalli, Bengaluru 560017, Karnataka, India
| | - Manasi Ghosh
- Physics Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soma Dutta
- Materials Science Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Aerospace Laboratories, Kodihalli, Bengaluru 560017, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Kishor Dey
- Department of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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6
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Li X, Valdiviezo J, Banziger SD, Zhang P, Ren T, Beratan DN, Rubtsov IV. Symmetry controlled photo-selection and charge separation in butadiyne-bridged donor–bridge–acceptor compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:9664-9676. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) in donor–bridge–acceptor (DBA) compounds featuring alkyne bridges depends strongly on the torsion angle between the donor and acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
| | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
| | - Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - David N. Beratan
- Department of Chemistry
- Duke University
- Durham
- USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University
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7
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Jones LO, Mosquera MA, Fu B, Schatz GC, Marks TJ, Ratner MA. Quantum Interference and Substantial Property Tuning in Conjugated Z- ortho-Regio-Resistive Organic (ZORRO) Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8956-8963. [PMID: 31682761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherence is a significant factor in nanoscale electronic insulator technology and necessitates an understanding of the structure-property relationship between constructive and destructive quantum interference. This is particularly important in organic dielectric circuitry, which is the subject of this work. It is known that molecular wires composed of (i) meta-substituted phenylene rings, (ii) cross-conjugated double bonds (orthogonal to the molecular long axis), and (iii) single bonds can dramatically reduce electrical transmission. Here we add to these tools the use of an unexplored molecular shape to create strong and counterintuitive interference: a fully conjugated molecular wire with a structure that is forced back on itself in a Z shape, thereby exhibiting remarkably low conductance (G = 0.43 × 10-9 S) even though the phenylene arrangements are ortho- rather than meta-disposed. We call these Z-shaped molecules having ultralow conduction Z-ortho-regio-resistive organics (ZORROs). Here we analyze a series of ZORRO molecules and find them to have significant insulating properties in the coherent electron-transport regime due to interfering transmission pathways in the phenylene rings. Importantly, we find that both electron-withdrawing (fluorine) and electron-donating (methoxy) substituents enhance the transmission, which is not desirable. The former is due to the suppression of the destructive quantum interference at the F site, thereby enhancing the overall transmission, much like a Büttiker probe. The latter is due to a methoxy unit resonance additive effect, akin to oxygen doping, and positively contributes to the transmission. We then examine the effects of replacing the phenylene rings with 4,5- and 3,4-disubstituted thiophenes and how this ZORRO modification further reduces the transmission. An ultralow conductance of 0.13 × 10-9 S and a relatively high dielectric constant (εr) of ∼5 are predicted for the 3,4-thiophene ZORRO derivative, which closely resembles two cross-conjugated units, making it an intriguing candidate for a gate dielectric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Mark A Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
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8
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Agbolaghi S. Pure and complex nanostructures using poly[bis(triiso‐propylsilylethynyl) benzodithiophene‐bis(decyltetradecyl‐thien) naphthobisthiadiazole], carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide for high‐performance polymer solar cells. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of EngineeringAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
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9
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Sun C, Wang MS, Guo GC. Covalently Bonded Pillared Layered Bromoplumbate with High Thermal Stability: High Capacitance Gain after Photoinduced Electron Transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30713-30718. [PMID: 31366190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Improving the stability and photoelectric properties are current aims in the field of inorganic-organic hybrid lead halides. In this work, a new covalently bonded pillared layered bromoplumbate, [Pb3Br6(CV)]n, was prepared using a photoactive zwitterion viologen, N,N'-4,4'-bipyridiniodipropionate (CV), as a ligand. It has a high thermal stability in air and shows a remarkable increase of capacitance after photoinduced electron transfer (PIET). The observed dielectric switch ratio of ∼689% at 3 kHz exceeded all reported values at room temperature for switchable dielectric materials. The capacitance gain was derived from the redistribution of electrons after PIET from the lead-halide layer to organic π-aggregates, so that the activation energy of hopping polarizability was significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou , Fujian 350002 , People's Republic of China
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10
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Mohammadi‐Arbati E, Agbolaghi S. Efficiency above 6% in poly(3‐hexylthiophene):phenyl‐C‐butyric acid methyl ester photovoltaics via simultaneous addition of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) based grafted graphene nanosheets and hydrophobic block copolymers. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mohammadi‐Arbati
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of EngineeringAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
| | - Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of EngineeringAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz Iran
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11
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High-performance photovoltaics by double-charge transporters using graphenic nanosheets and triisopropylsilylethynyl/naphthothiadiazole moieties. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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A Ladder-Type Organosilicate Copolymer Gate Dielectric Materials for Organic Thin-Film Transistors. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8070236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Sami S, Haase PAB, Alessandri R, Broer R, Havenith RWA. Can the Dielectric Constant of Fullerene Derivatives Be Enhanced by Side-Chain Manipulation? A Predictive First-Principles Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3919-3926. [PMID: 29561616 PMCID: PMC5911807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
low efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has often
been attributed to the strong Coulombic interactions between the electron
and hole, impeding the charge separation process. Recently, it has
been argued that by increasing the dielectric constant of materials
used in OPVs, this strong interaction could be screened. In this work,
we report the application of periodic density functional theory together
with the coupled perturbed Kohn–Sham method to calculate the
electronic contribution to the dielectric constant for fullerene C60 derivatives, a ubiquitous class of molecules in the field
of OPVs. The results show good agreement with experimental data when
available and also reveal an important undesirable outcome when manipulating
the side chain to maximize the static dielectric constant: in all
cases, the electronic contribution to the dielectric constant decreases
as the side chain increases in size. This information should encourage
both theoreticians and experimentalists to further investigate the
relevance of contributions to the dielectric constant from slower
processes like vibrations and dipolar reorientations for facilitating
the charge separation, because electronically, enlarging the side
chain of conventional fullerene derivatives only lowers the dielectric
constant, and consequently, their electronic dielectric constant is
upper bound by the one of C60.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Remco W A Havenith
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281-(S3) , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
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14
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Agbolaghi S, Ebrahimi S, Massoumi B, Abbaspoor S, Sarvari R, Abbasi F. Enhanced properties of photovoltaic devices tailored with novel supramolecular structures based on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets grafted/functionalized with thiophenic materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Agbolaghi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering; Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University; Tabriz Iran
| | - Sara Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Saleheh Abbaspoor
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; Tabriz Iran
| | - Raana Sarvari
- Department of Chemistry; Payame Noor University; Tehran Iran
| | - Farhang Abbasi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; Tabriz Iran
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15
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Van Dyck C, Marks TJ, Ratner MA. Chain Length Dependence of the Dielectric Constant and Polarizability in Conjugated Organic Thin Films. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5970-5981. [PMID: 28575578 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric materials are ubiquitous in optics, electronics, and materials science. Recently, there have been new efforts to characterize the dielectric performance of thin films composed of molecular assemblies. In this context, we investigate here the relationship between the polarizability of the constituent molecules and the film dielectric constant, using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, for polyyne and saturated alkane chains. In particular, we explore the implication of the superlinear chain length dependence of the polarizability, a specific feature of conjugated molecules. We show and explain from DFT calculations and a simple depolarization model that this superlinearity is attenuated by the collective polarization. However, it is not completely suppressed. This confers a very high sensitivity of the dielectric constant to the thin film thickness. This latter can increase by a factor of 3-4 at reasonable coverages, by extending the molecular length. This significantly limits the decline of the thin film capacitance with the film thickness. Therefore, the conventional fit of the capacitance versus thickness is not appropriate to determine the dielectric constant of the film. Finally, we show that the failures of semilocal approximations of the exchange-correlation functional lead to a very significant overestimation of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Van Dyck
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark A Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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16
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Reig M, Bagdziunas G, Volyniuk D, Grazulevicius JV, Velasco D. Tuning the ambipolar charge transport properties of tricyanovinyl-substituted carbazole-based materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6721-6730. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ambipolar charge transport properties of a series of push–pull carbazole-based semiconductors are here evaluated. The ambipolar characteristics depend on the supramolecular organization. Experimental results were confirmed and justified through the X-ray analysis of single crystals and by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reig
- Grup de Materials Orgànics
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB)
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
| | - Gintautas Bagdziunas
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
- Department of Material Science and Electrical Engineering
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Juozas V. Grazulevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Dolores Velasco
- Grup de Materials Orgànics
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB)
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Secció de Química Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
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17
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Wang D, Talipov MR, Ivanov MV, Rathore R. Energy Gap between the Poly-p-phenylene Bridge and Donor Groups Controls the Hole Delocalization in Donor-Bridge-Donor Wires. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16337-16344. [PMID: 27998092 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly-p-phenylene wires are critically important as charge-transfer materials in photovoltaics. A comparative analysis of a series of poly-p-phenylene (RPPn) wires, capped with isoalkyl (iAPPn), alkoxy (ROPPn), and dialkylamino (R2NPPn) groups, shows unexpected evolution of oxidation potentials, i.e., decrease (-260 mV) for iAPPn, while increase for ROPPn (+100 mV) and R2NPPn (+350 mV) with increasing number of p-phenylenes. Moreover, redox/optical properties and DFT calculations of R2NPPn/R2NPPn+• further show that the symmetric bell-shaped hole distribution distorts and shifts toward one end of the molecule with only 4 p-phenylenes in R2NPPn+•, while shifting of the hole occurs with 6 and 8 p-phenylenes in ROPPn+• and iAPPn+•, respectively. Availability of accurate experimental data on highly electron-rich dialkylamino-capped R2NPPn together with ROPPn and iAPPn allowed us to demonstrate, using our recently developed Marcus-based multistate model (MSM), that an increase of oxidation potentials in R2NPPn arises due to an interplay between the electronic coupling (Hab) and energy difference between the end-capped groups and bridging phenylenes (Δε). A comparison of the three series of RPPn with varied Δε further demonstrates that decrease/increase/no change in oxidation energies of RPPn can be predicted based on the energy gap Δε and coupling Hab, i.e., decrease if Δε < Hab (i.e., iAPPn), increase if Δε > Hab (i.e., R2NPPn), and minimal change if Δε ≈ Hab (i.e., ROPPn). MSM also reproduces the switching of the nature of electronic transition in higher homologues of R2NPPn+• (n ≥ 4). These findings will aid in the development of improved models for charge-transfer dynamics in donor-bridge-acceptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Marat R Talipov
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Maxim V Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
| | - Rajendra Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University , P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, United States
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18
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Heitzer HM, Marks TJ, Ratner MA. Computation of Dielectric Response in Molecular Solids for High Capacitance Organic Dielectrics. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1614-23. [PMID: 27576058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The dielectric response of a material is central to numerous processes spanning the fields of chemistry, materials science, biology, and physics. Despite this broad importance across these disciplines, describing the dielectric environment of a molecular system at the level of first-principles theory and computation remains a great challenge and is of importance to understand the behavior of existing systems as well as to guide the design and synthetic realization of new ones. Furthermore, with recent advances in molecular electronics, nanotechnology, and molecular biology, it has become necessary to predict the dielectric properties of molecular systems that are often difficult or impossible to measure experimentally. In these scenarios, it is would be highly desirable to be able to determine dielectric response through efficient, accurate, and chemically informative calculations. A good example of where theoretical modeling of dielectric response would be valuable is in the development of high-capacitance organic gate dielectrics for unconventional electronics such as those that could be fabricated by high-throughput printing techniques. Gate dielectrics are fundamental components of all transistor-based logic circuitry, and the combination high dielectric constant and nanoscopic thickness (i.e., high capacitance) is essential to achieving high switching speeds and low power consumption. Molecule-based dielectrics offer the promise of cheap, flexible, and mass producible electronics when used in conjunction with unconventional organic or inorganic semiconducting materials to fabricate organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The molecular dielectrics developed to date typically have limited dielectric response, which results in low capacitances, translating into poor performance of the resulting OFETs. Furthermore, the development of better performing dielectric materials has been hindered by the current highly empirical and labor-intensive pace of synthetic progress. An accurate and efficient theoretical computational approach could drastically decrease this time by screening potential dielectric materials and providing reliable design rules for future molecular dielectrics. Until recently, accurate calculation of dielectric responses in molecular materials was difficult and highly approximate. Most previous modeling efforts relied on classical formalisms to relate molecular polarizability to macroscopic dielectric properties. These efforts often vastly overestimated polarizability in the subject materials and ignored crucial material properties that can affect dielectric response. Recent advances in first-principles calculations via density functional theory (DFT) with periodic boundary conditions have allowed accurate computation of dielectric properties in molecular materials. In this Account, we outline the methodology used to calculate dielectric properties of molecular materials. We demonstrate the validity of this approach on model systems, capturing the frequency dependence of the dielectric response and achieving quantitative accuracy compared with experiment. This method is then used as a guide to new high-capacitance molecular dielectrics by determining what materials and chemical properties are important in maximizing dielectric response in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). It will be seen that this technique is a powerful tool for understanding and designing new molecular dielectric systems, the properties of which are fundamental to many scientific areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M. Heitzer
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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19
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D’Avino G, Vanzo D, Soos ZG. Dielectric properties of crystalline organic molecular films in the limit of zero overlap. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:034702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4939840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele D’Avino
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, BE-7000 Mons, Belgium and Department of Physics, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 17, BE-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Davide Vanzo
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Zoltán G. Soos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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20
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Novoa N, Roisnel T, Hamon P, Kahlal S, Manzur C, Ngo HM, Ledoux-Rak I, Saillard JY, Carrillo D, Hamon JR. Four-coordinate nickel(ii) and copper(ii) complex based ONO tridentate Schiff base ligands: synthesis, molecular structure, electrochemical, linear and nonlinear properties, and computational study. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:18019-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The properties of NLO active ternary Ni(ii)- and Cu(ii)-unsymmetrical Schiff base complexes were explored in concert with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Novoa
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Química
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
- Valparaíso
- Chile
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- UMR 6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Paul Hamon
- UMR 6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Samia Kahlal
- UMR 6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Carolina Manzur
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Química
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
- Valparaíso
- Chile
| | - Hoang Minh Ngo
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire
- UMR 8537 CNRS-ENS Cachan
- Institut d'Alembert
- 94235 Cachan Cedex
- France
| | - Isabelle Ledoux-Rak
- Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire
- UMR 8537 CNRS-ENS Cachan
- Institut d'Alembert
- 94235 Cachan Cedex
- France
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- UMR 6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - David Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Química
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
- Valparaíso
- Chile
| | - Jean-René Hamon
- UMR 6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
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