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Meher NK, Suryavansi M, Geetharani K. Regioselective Hydroboration of Unsymmetrical Internal Alkynes Catalyzed by a Cobalt Pincer-NHC Complex. Org Lett 2024; 26:5862-5867. [PMID: 38935048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Highly regioselective hydroboration of unsymmetrical internal alkynes remains a significant challenge for synthesizing valuable alkenylboronate esters. Herein, we describe an easily synthesizable pincer NHC-based Co complex as a catalyst for the cis-α selective hydroboration of unactivated internal alkynes and the cis-β selective hydroboration of activated internal alkynes with pinacolborane. The reaction showcases high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity, and the catalyst displays high efficiency and very low loading under base-free reaction conditions. The reaction scope was demonstrated by alkynes having a variety of functional groups. The mechanistic studies suggest a feasible Co-boryl intermediate to explain the unusual regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar Meher
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Maruti Suryavansi
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - K Geetharani
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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2
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Rana TRK, Swain A, Rajaraman G. The role of agostic interaction in the mechanism of ethylene polymerisation using Cr(III) half-sandwich complexes: What dictates the reactivity? Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11826-11834. [PMID: 37555755 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromium-based catalysts play a significant role in the production of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and half-sandwich functionalised-metallocene complexes were proven to be one of the most suitable candidates as catalysts for generating such large polymeric-length olefins. Earlier experimental studies on olefin polymerisation using a series of catalysts such as [L1-2CrCl2] (where L1 = 1-((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)indenyl (1) and L2 = 2-methyl-1-{[4-(yridinene-1-yl)yridine-2-yl]methyl}-1H-indenyl (2)) reveal significant variation where peripheral substitution on the ligand was found to influence the reactivity significantly. However, the specific ligand position that affects the reactivity has not been established. As these reactions are fast and robust, it is challenging to establish reactive intermediates via experiments, and therefore, mechanistic clues for such reactions are elusive. Here we have undertaken a detailed computational study by employing an array of DFT (uB3LYP-D3/def2-TZVP, CASSCF/NEVPT2, and DLPNO-CCSD(T) methods to explore the substituted and non-substituted pyridine-cyclo-pentadienyl chromium complexes and their influence on the catalytic activity in ethylene polymerisation. Our study not only unravels the catalytic pathway for olefin polymerisation for such Cr(III)-half-sandwich complexes but also reveals that the energetics of the formation of pseudo-three-coordinate alkyl intermediates is key to the variation in the reactivity observed. A detailed examination using MO and NBO analysis unveils the presence of a C-H⋯Cr agostic interaction that is found to significantly stabilise this intermediate when the pyridine ligand has strong electron-donating groups at its para position. The other substitutions, such as on the cyclopentadienyl ligand, neither yield the desired stability nor the desired interaction. Further studies on models support this proposal. In order to improve the efficiency and selectivity of catalytic systems in olefin polymerisation, we strongly advocate for the integration of agostic interactions as a crucial criterion in the design of future catalysts. Considering the prevalence of electron-deficient metal centres in successful olefin polymerisation catalysts, this research prompts a broader mechanistic inquiry to propose a unified approach for this industrially crucial reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abinash Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, India.
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, India.
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3
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Recent Advances in Synthetic Routes to Azacycles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062737. [PMID: 36985708 PMCID: PMC10054516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A heterocycle is an important structural scaffold of many organic compounds found in pharmaceuticals, materials, agrochemicals, and biological processes. Azacycles are one of the most common motifs of a heterocycle and have a variety of applications, including in pharmaceuticals. Therefore, azacycles have received significant attention from scientists and a variety of methods of synthesizing azacycles have been developed because their efficient synthesis plays a vital role in the production of many useful compounds. In this review, we summarize recent approaches to preparing azacycles via different methods as well as describe plausible reaction mechanisms.
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Meher NK, Verma PK, Geetharani K. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective 1,2-Hydroboration of N-Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:87-92. [PMID: 36596240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Regioselective hydroboration of pyridines to 1,2-dihydropyridines remains a significant challenge for the synthesis of valuable nitrogenous bioactive molecules. Herein, we report a base free ligand-controlled cobalt-catalyzed 1,2-hydroboration of pyridines and quinolines with very low catalyst loading under neat reaction conditions. The choice of sterically demanding N-heterocyclic ligands led to the 1,2-regioselectivity and the scope was demonstrated by the N-heterocycles having a variety of functional groups. The preliminary mechanistic studies corroborate that the two ligands followed a distinct catalytic cycle with Co(I) as an active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar Meher
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Verma
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - K Geetharani
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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5
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Parsutkar MM, Moore CE, RajanBabu TV. Activator-free single-component Co(I)-catalysts for regio- and enantioselective heterodimerization and hydroacylation reactions of 1,3-dienes. New reduction procedures for synthesis of [L]Co(I)-complexes and comparison to in situ generated catalysts. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10148-10159. [PMID: 35734952 PMCID: PMC9441011 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although cobalt(I) bis-phosphine complexes have been implicated in many selective C-C bond-forming reactions, until recently relatively few of these compounds have been fully characterized or have been shown to be intermediates in catalytic reactions. In this paper we present a new practical method for the synthesis and isolation of several cobalt(I)-bis-phosphine complexes and their use in Co(I)-catalyzed reactions. We find that easily prepared (in situ generated or isolated) bis-phosphine and (2,6-N-aryliminoethyl)pyridine (PDI) cobalt(II) halide complexes are readily reduced by 1,4-bis-trimethylsilyl-1,4-dihydropyrazine or commercially available lithium nitride (Li3N), leaving behind only innocuous volatile byproducts. Depending on the structures of the bis-phosphines, the cobalt(I) complex crystallizes as a phosphine-bridged species [(P∼P)(X)CoI[μ-(P∼P)]CoI(X)(P∼P)] or a halide-bridged species [(P∼P)CoI[μ-(X)]2CoI(P∼P)]. Because the side-products are innocuous, these methods can be used for the in situ generation of catalytically competent Co(I) complexes for a variety of low-valent cobalt-catalyzed reactions of even sensitive substrates. These complexes are also useful for the synthesis of rare cationic [(P∼P)CoI-η4-diene]+ X- or [(P∼P)CoI-η6-arene]+ X- complexes, which are shown to be excellent single-component catalysts for the following regioselective reactions of dienes: heterodimerizations with ethylene or methyl acrylate, hydroacylation and hydroboration. The reactivity of the single-component catalysts with the in situ generated species are also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Parsutkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Tran VH, Kim HK. Facile tin(II)-catalyzed synthesis of N-heterocycles from dicarboxylic acids and arylamines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2881-2888. [PMID: 35318478 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel efficient transformation reaction of dicarboxylic acids into N-aryl-substituted azacycles is described. In this synthetic procedure, both catalytic SnCl2 and phenylsilane were used as crucial reagents for reaction of arylamines with dicarboxylic acids to produce the desired azacycles. Using this SnCl2-catalyzed synthetic method, various N-aryl-substituted azacycles were successfully prepared from arylamines with dicarboxylic acids in high yield. This practical synthetic method using catalytic SnCl2 can provide a useful approach for preparation of the desired azacycle products from many available dicarboxylic acid starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Tran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
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7
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Petit J, Magna L, Mézailles N. Alkene oligomerization via metallacycles: Recent advances and mechanistic insights. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Farmer ME, Ehehalt LE, Pabst TP, Tudge MT, Chirik PJ. Well-Defined Cationic Cobalt(I) Precatalyst for Olefin-Alkyne [2 + 2] Cycloaddition and Olefin-Diene Hydrovinylation Reactions: Experimental Evidence for Metallacycle Intermediates. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus E. Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicinal Chemistry, 1250 South Collegeville Road, P.O. Box 5089, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Lauren E. Ehehalt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P. Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Matthew T. Tudge
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicinal Chemistry, 1250 South Collegeville Road, P.O. Box 5089, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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9
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Anafcheh M, Zahedi M. Hydroxyl bond activation of formic acid by Metal-ligand cooperation of new designed aluminum ligated pincer fullerenes. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Hansen HB, Wadepohl H, Enders M. The Stronger the Better: Donor Substituents Push Catalytic Activity of Molecular Chromium Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Chemistry 2021; 27:11084-11093. [PMID: 34018643 PMCID: PMC8453878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The donor strength of bifunctional pyridine-cyclopentadienyl ligands was altered systematically by the introduction of donating groups in the para-position of the pyridine. In the resulting chromium complexes an almost linear correlation between donor strength and the nitrogen-chromium distance as well as the electronic absorption maximum is experimentally observed. The connection of electron-donating groups in the ligand backbone leads to an efficient transfer of the electronic influences to the catalytically active metal centre without restricting it through steric effects. Therefore, catalytic olefin polymerization activity, which is already very high for the previously studied catalysts, increase considerably by attaching para-amino groups to the chelating pyridine or quinoline, respectively. Combining electron-rich indenyl ligands with para-amino substituted pyridines lead to the highest catalytic activities observed so far for this class of organo chromium olefin polymerisation catalysts. The resulting polymers are of ultra-high molecular weight and the ability of the catalysts to incorporate co-monomers is also very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge-Boj Hansen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Doll JS, Eichelmann R, Hertwig LE, Bender T, Kohler VJ, Bill E, Wadepohl H, Roşca DA. Iron-Catalyzed Trimerization of Terminal Alkynes Enabled by Pyrimidinediimine Ligands: A Regioselective Method for the Synthesis of 1,3,5-Substituted Arenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julianna S. Doll
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Robert Eichelmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Leif E. Hertwig
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thilo Bender
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Vincenz J. Kohler
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße 24-36, Mülheim/Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dragoş-Adrian Roşca
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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12
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Kennedy CR, Joannou MV, Steves JE, Hoyt JM, Kovel CB, Chirik PJ. Iron-Catalyzed Vinylsilane Dimerization and Cross-Cycloadditions with 1,3-Dienes: Probing the Origins of Chemo- and Regioselectivity. ACS Catal 2021; 11:1368-1379. [PMID: 34336370 PMCID: PMC8317497 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The selective, intermolecular, homodimerization and cross-cycloaddition of vinylsilanes with unbiased 1,3-dienes, catalyzed by a pyridine-2,6-diimine (PDI) iron complex is described. In the absence of a diene coupling partner, vinylsilane hydroalkenylation products were obtained chemoselectively with unusual head-to-head regioselectivity (up to >98% purity, 98:2 E/Z). In the presence of a 4- or 2-substituted diene coupling partner, under otherwise identical reaction conditions, formation of value-added [2+2]- and [4+2]-cycloadducts, respectively, was observed. The chemoselectivity profile was distinct from that observed for analogous α-olefin dimerization and cross-reactions with 1,3-dienes. Mechanistic studies conducted with well-defined, single-component precatalysts (MePDI)Fe(L2) (where MePDI = 2,6-(2,6-Me2-C6H3N═CMe)2C5H3N; L2 = butadiene or 2(N2)) provided insights into the kinetic and thermodynamic factors contributing to the substrate-controlled regioselectivity for both the homodimerization and cross cycloadditions. Diamagnetic iron diene and paramagnetic iron olefin complexes were identified as catalyst resting states, were characterized by in situ NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies, and were corroborated with DFT calculations. Stoichiometric reactions and computational models provided evidence for a common mechanistic regime where competing steric and orbital-symmetry requirements dictate the regioselectivity of oxidative cyclization. Although distinct chemoselectivity profiles were observed in cross-cycloadditions with the vinylsilane congeners of α-olefins, these products arose from metallacycles with the same connectivity. The silyl substituents ultimately governed the relative rates of β-H elimination and C-C reductive elimination to dictate final product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jordan M. Hoyt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Carli B. Kovel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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13
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Beromi MM, Kennedy CR, Younker JM, Carpenter AE, Mattler SJ, Throckmorton JA, Chirik PJ. Iron-catalysed synthesis and chemical recycling of telechelic 1,3-enchained oligocyclobutanes. Nat Chem 2021; 13:156-162. [PMID: 33495607 PMCID: PMC7875253 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Closed-loop recycling offers the opportunity to mitigate plastic waste through reversible polymer construction and deconstruction. Although examples of chemical recycling of polymers are known, few have been applied to materials derived from abundant commodity olefinic monomers, which are the building blocks of ubiquitous plastic resins. Here we describe a [2+2] cycloaddition/oligomerization of 1,3-butadiene to yield a previously unrealized telechelic microstructure of (1,n'-divinyl)oligocyclobutane. This material is thermally stable, has stereoregular segments arising from chain-end control, and exhibits high crystallinity even at low molecular weight. Exposure of the oligocyclobutane to vacuum in the presence of the pyridine(diimine) iron precatalyst used to synthesize it resulted in deoligomerization to generate pristine butadiene, demonstrating a rare example of closed-loop chemical recycling of an oligomeric material derived from a commodity hydrocarbon feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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14
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Fu J, Tsapy Takia IR, Chen P, Liu W, Jiang C, Yao W, Zeng X, Wang Y, Han X. Synthesis of 2-chromanone-fused [3.2.0] bicycles through a phosphine-mediated tandem [3 + 2] cyclization/intramolecular Wittig reaction. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01013a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A phosphine-mediated tandem [3 + 2] cyclization/intramolecular Wittig reaction of alkynone is described. 2-Chromanone-fused bicyclo[3.2.0]heptenones were synthesized in moderate to high yields with remarkably high regio- and diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Fu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Liuhe Road 318, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Ingrid Rakielle Tsapy Takia
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Liuhe Road 318, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Liuhe Road 318, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Liuhe Road 318, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Jiang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Liuhe Road 318, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yongjiang Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Liuhe Road 318, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Liuhe Road 318, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
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15
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Tkachev VV, Utenyshev AN, Kovalchukova OV. Structural and theoretical study of (4E,5Z)‐4,5‐dibenzylidene‐1,2,3,6,7,8‐hexahydroacridine. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy V. Tkachev
- Semenov Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 1 Academician Semenov avenue, Chernogolovka Moscow region 142432 Russia
| | - Andrey N. Utenyshev
- Semenov Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 1 Academician Semenov avenue, Chernogolovka Moscow region 142432 Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Trubetskaya st. 8–2 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Olga V. Kovalchukova
- Peoples' Friendship university of Russia RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya street Moscow 117198 Russia
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16
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Margulieux GW, Kim S, Chirik PJ. Determination of the N-H Bond Dissociation Free Energy in a Pyridine(diimine)molybdenum Complex Prepared by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15394-15401. [PMID: 33016073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pyridine(diimine)molybdenum bis(imido) complex (iPrPDI)Mo(═NTol)2 (Tol = 4-methylphenyl) was synthesized by the addition of 2 equiv of 4-methylphenylazide to the corresponding molybdenum benzene derivative, (iPrPDI)Mo(η6-C6H6) [iPrPDI = 2,6-(2,6-iPr2C6H3N═CMe)2C5H3N]. Protonation of (iPrPDI)Mo(═NTol)2 with 2,6-lutinidum triflate yielded a cationic molybdenum amido complex, [(iPrPDI)Mo(NHTol)(═NTol)][OTf], which was further transformed into the neutral molybdenum amido (iPrPDI)Mo(NHTol)(═NTol) by reduction with zinc powder. A series of spectroscopic, synthetic, and pKa determination studies along with electrochemical measurements by the protonation-reduction pathway were used to establish an N-H bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) between 65 and 69 kcal/mol for the molybdenum imido-amido compound, (iPrPDI)Mo(NHTol)(═NTol). Full-molecule density functional theory studies provided a computed value of 61 kcal/mol. By contrast, reduction of (iPrPDI)Mo(═NTol)2 with KC8 afforded the corresponding anionic molybdenum complex K[(iPrPDI)Mo(═NTol)2], which has a potassium cation intercalated with the pyridine and tolyl groups. Protonation of K[(iPrPDI)Mo(═NTol)2] with the weak amidinium acid [TBD(H)][BArF24] (TBD = triazabicyclodecene; BArF24 = B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4) also produced the neutral molybdenum amido complex (iPrPDI)Mo(NHTol)(═NTol). Measurement of the pKa and oxidation potential of K[(iPrPDI)Mo(═NTol)2] provided a range of 69-73 kcal/mol for the N-H BDFE of (iPrPDI)Mo(NHTol)(═NTol), in good agreement with the protonation-reduction route and completing the square scheme. The similar pKa and redox potentials obtained from each pathway demonstrate that both sequences are energetically feasible for proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) events. This study on the determination of N-H BDFE of the molybdenum amido complex renders fundamental insight into the N2 reduction cycle by PCET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant W Margulieux
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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17
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Ni Q, Song X, Png CW, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Access to substituted cyclobutenes by tandem [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement/[2 + 2] cycloaddition of dipropargylphosphonates under Ag/Co relay catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12329-12335. [PMID: 34094441 PMCID: PMC8162479 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02972f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present herein an unconventional tandem [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement/[2 + 2] cycloaddition of simple dipropargylphosphonates to deliver a range of bicyclic polysubstituted cyclobutenes and cyclobutanes under Ag/Co relay catalysis. An interesting switch from allene-allene to allene-alkyne cycloaddition was observed based on the substitution of the substrates, which further diversified the range of compounds accessible from this practical method. Significantly, preliminary biological screening of these new compounds identified promising candidates as suppressors of cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 Anhui China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University Wuhu 241002 Anhui China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Chin Wen Png
- Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore #03-09, 28 Medical Drive 117456 Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore #03-09, 28 Medical Drive 117456 Singapore
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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18
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Zhang X, Paton RS. Stereoretention in styrene heterodimerisation promoted by one-electron oxidants. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9309-9324. [PMID: 34123173 PMCID: PMC8163378 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03059g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical cations generated from the oxidation of C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C π-bonds are synthetically useful reactive intermediates for C–C and C–X bond formation. Radical cation formation, induced by sub-stoichiometric amounts of external oxidant, are important intermediates in the Woodward–Hoffmann thermally disallowed [2 + 2] cycloaddition of electron-rich alkenes. Using density functional theory (DFT), we report the detailed mechanisms underlying the intermolecular heterodimerisation of anethole and β-methylstyrene to give unsymmetrical, tetra-substituted cyclobutanes. Reactions between trans-alkenes favour the all-trans adduct, resulting from a kinetic preference for anti-addition reinforced by reversibility at ambient temperatures since this is also the thermodynamic product; on the other hand, reactions between a trans-alkene and a cis-alkene favour syn-addition, while exocyclic rotation in the acyclic radical cation intermediate is also possible since C–C forming barriers are higher. Computations are consistent with the experimental observation that hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a better solvent than acetonitrile, in part due to its ability to stabilise the reduced form of the hypervalent iodine initiator by hydrogen bonding, but also through the stabilisation of radical cationic intermediates along the reaction coordinate. A computational study details the mechanism, catalytic cycle and origins of stereoselectivity underlying hole-catalyzed intermolecular alkene heterodimerisation to give unsymmetrical, tetra-substituted cyclobutanes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK.,Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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19
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Mouchel Dit Leguerrier D, Barré R, Bryden M, Imbert D, Philouze C, Jarjayes O, Luneau D, Molloy JK, Thomas F. Structural and spectroscopic investigations of nine-coordinate redox active lanthanide complexes with a pincer O,N,O ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:8238-8246. [PMID: 32510087 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lanthanide complexes EuL3, GdL3, YbL3 and LuL3 of the N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy-di-3,5-tert-butylphenyl)amine were prepared. The X-Ray crystal structures of GdL3 and LuL3 demonstrated a nine-coordinate sphere with three ligand molecules under their anionic diamagnetic form (Cat-N-BQ)-. The complexes showed three oxidation events (Eox11/2 = 0.15-0.16 V, E1/22 = 0.51-55 V, and E1/23 = 0.75-0.78 V vs. Fc+/Fc) via cyclic voltammetry, corresponding to the successive oxidation of the aminophenolate moeities to iminosemiquinone species. The complexes GdL3 and YbL3 were characterized by EPR spectroscopy, allowing for the determination of the zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters in the first case. The monocations (LnL3)+ and monoanions (LnL3)- were electrochemically generated (Ln = Eu, Gd, Yb, Lu), as well as the dications YbL32+ and LuL32+. The spins are antiferromagnetically exchange coupled in the diradical species LuL32+ (|D| = 260 MHz, E = 0). All the complexes (incl. neutral) possess a strong absorption band in the NIR region (730-840 nm, ε > 19 mM-1 cm-1) corresponding to ligand-based transitions.
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20
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Reinhart ED, Jordan RF. Synthesis and Ethylene Reactivity of Dinuclear Iron and Cobalt Complexes Supported by Macrocyclic Bis(pyridine-diimine) Ligands Containing o-Terphenyl Linkers. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik D. Reinhart
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard F. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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21
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Méndez-Gálvez C, Böhme M, Leino R, Savela R. Synthesis of Isobenzofuranones by Cobalt Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Méndez-Gálvez
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Matthias Böhme
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Risto Savela
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology; Åbo Akademi University; Biskopsgatan 8 20500 Åbo Finland
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22
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Joannou MV, Hoyt JM, Chirik PJ. Investigations into the Mechanism of Inter- and Intramolecular Iron-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5314-5330. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Joannou
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States of America
| | - Jordan M. Hoyt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States of America
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23
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Shi N, Xie W, Gao W, Wang J, Zhang S, Fan Y, Wang M. Effect of PDI ligand binding pattern on the electrocatalytic activity of two Ru(II) complexes for CO
2
reduction. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning‐ning Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Wang‐jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Wei‐song Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Jin‐miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Shi‐fu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Yu‐hua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
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24
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Kennedy CR, Zhong H, Joannou MV, Chirik PJ. Pyridine(diimine) Iron Diene Complexes Relevant to Catalytic [2+2]-Cycloaddition Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2020; 362:404-416. [PMID: 32431586 PMCID: PMC7236768 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of pyridine(diimine) iron piperylene and isoprene complexes are described. These diene complexes are competent precatalysts for (i) the selective cross-[2+2]-cycloaddition of butadiene or (E)-piperylene with ethylene and α-olefins and (ii) the 1,4-hydrovinylation of isoprene with ethylene. In the former case, kinetic analysis implicates the diamagnetic η4-piperylene complex as the resting state prior to rate-determining oxidative cyclization. Variable temperature 1H NMR and EXSY experiments established that diene exchange from the diamagnetic, 18e- complexes occurs rapidly in solution at ambient temperature through a dissociative mechanism. The solid-state structure of (Me(Et)PDI)Fe(η4-piperylene) (Me(Et)PDI = 2,6-(2,6-Me2-C6H3N═CEt)2C5H3N), was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and confirmed the s-trans coordination of the monosubstituted 1,3-diene. Possible relationships between ligand-controlled diene coordination geometry, metallacycle denticity, and chemoselectivity of iron-mediated cycloaddition reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rose Kennedy
- Princeton University, Department of Chemistry, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Princeton University, Department of Chemistry, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Matthew V. Joannou
- Princeton University, Department of Chemistry, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Princeton University, Department of Chemistry, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
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25
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Peterson PO, Rummelt SM, Wile BM, Stieber SCE, Zhong H, Chirik PJ. Direct Observation of Transmetalation from a Neutral Boronate Ester to a Pyridine(diimine) Iron Alkoxide. Organometallics 2020; 39:201-205. [PMID: 32728308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transmetallation of the neutral boronate esters, (2-benzofuranyl)BPin and (2-benzofuranyl)BNeo (Pin = pinacolato, Neo = neopentylglycolato) to a representative pyridine(diimine) iron alkoxide complex, (iPrPDI)FeOEt (iPrPDI = 2,6-(2,6-iPr2-C6H3N=CMe)2C5H3N; R = Me, Et, SiMe3), to yield the corresponding iron benzofuranyl derivative was studied. Synthesis of the requisite iron alkoxide complexes was accomplished either by salt metathesis between (iPrPDI)FeCl and NaOR (R = Me, Et, SiMe3) or by protonation of the iron alkyl, (iPrPDI)FeCH2SiMe3, by the free alcohol R'OH (R' = Me, Et). A combination of magnetic measurements, X-ray diffraction, NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopies and DFT calculations identified each (iPrPDI)FeOR compound as an essentially planar, high-spin, S = 3/2 compound engaged in antiferromagnetic coupling with a radical anion on the chelate (S Total = 3/2; S Fe = 2, S PDI = 1/2). The resulting iron benzofuranyl product, (iPrPDI)Fe(2-benzofuranyl) was characterized by X-ray diffraction and in combination with magnetic measurements, spectroscopic and computational data, was identified as an overall S = 1/2 compound, demonstrating that a net spin-state change accompanies transmetallation (S Fe = 1, S PDI = 1/2). These findings may be relevant to further development of iron-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with neutral boronate esters and alkoxide bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul O Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Stephan M Rummelt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Bradley M Wile
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - S Chantal E Stieber
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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26
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Papanikolaou MG, Elliott A, McAllister J, Gallos JK, Keramidas AD, Kabanos TA, Sproules S, Miras HN. Electrocatalytic hydrogen production by dinuclear cobalt(ii) compounds containing redox-active diamidate ligands: a combined experimental and theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15718-15730. [PMID: 33146215 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02617d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The chiral dicobalt(ii) complex [CoII2(μ2-L)2] (1) (H2L = N2,N6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide) and its tert-butyl analogue [CoII2(μ2-LBu)2] (2) were structurally characterized and their catalytic evolution of H2 was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James McAllister
- West CHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G12 8QQ
- UK
| | - John K. Gallos
- Department of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- Thessaloniki GR 541 24
- Greece
| | | | | | - Stephen Sproules
- West CHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow G12 8QQ
- UK
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27
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Recent advances in the chemistry of group 9—Pincer organometallics. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Elsby MR, Baker RT. Strategies and mechanisms of metal–ligand cooperativity in first-row transition metal complex catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8933-8987. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of metal–ligand cooperation (MLC) by transition metal bifunctional catalysts has emerged at the forefront of homogeneous catalysis science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Elsby
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - R. Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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29
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van der Vlugt JI. Redox-Active Pincer Ligands. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Reinhart ED, Jordan RF. Template-Free Synthesis of a Macrocyclic Bis(pyridine-dienamine) Proligand and Metal Complexes of Its Bis(pyridine-diimine) and Bis(pyridine-dienamido) Forms. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15466-15478. [PMID: 31675222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe the template-free synthesis of the bis(pyridine-dienamine) proligand [4,5-(m-xylylenediamine)NH-C═(CH)(9-butyl-octahydroacridine)]2 (2'), a variant of Burrows's macrocyclic bis(pyridine-diimine) (bis-PDI) ligand [2,6-(m-xylylenediamine)N═C(py)]2 (A), using octahydroacridine as the ligand backbone. The octahydroacridine backbone favors macrocyclization by constraining the PDI units in the (s-cis)2 conformation. The template-free synthesis of 2' enables facile access to a wide array of bis-PDI and bis(pyridine-dienamido) (bis-PDE) metal complexes. Five-coordinate binuclear bis-PDI (2)M2Cl4 complexes {2 = [4,5-(m-xylylenediamine)N═C(9-butyl-octahydroacridine)]2; M = Zn, Co, or Fe} and a four-coordinate bis-PDI [(2)Pd2Br2][B(3,5-(CF3)2-Ph)4]2 complex were synthesized and characterized. (2)Zn2Cl4 undergoes macrocyclic ring inversion on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) time scale with a free energy barrier ΔG⧧ of 15.5(3) kcal/mol at 295 K. In contrast, (2)Fe2Cl4 and (2)Co2Cl4 undergo slow ring inversion on the NMR chemical shift time scale at 295 K. The amine elimination reaction of 2' with Zr(NMe2)4 yields the bis-PDE complex (2'-4H)Zr2(NMe2)4, which was alkylated with AlMe3 and Al(CH2SiMe3)3 to generate (2'-4H)Zr2Me4 and (2'-4H)Zr2(CH2SiMe3)2(NMe2)2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Reinhart
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Richard F Jordan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Chicago , 5735 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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31
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Kunert R, Philouze C, Jarjayes O, Thomas F. Stable M(II)-Radicals and Nickel(III) Complexes of a Bis(phenol) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Chelated to Group 10 Metal Ions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8030-8044. [PMID: 31185559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The tetradentate ligand based on (1-imidazolium-3,5-di tert-butylphenol) units was prepared and chelated to group 10 metal ions (Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II)), affording complexes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The X-ray crystal structures of 1-3 show a square planar metal ion coordinated to two N-heterocyclic carbenes and two phenolate moieties. The cyclic voltammetry curves of complexes 1-3 show two reversible oxidation waves in the range 0.11-0.21 V ( E1/21) and 0.55-0.65 V ( E1/22) vs Fc+/Fc, which are assigned to the successive oxidations of the phenolate moieties. One-electron oxidation affords mononuclear ( S = 1/2) systems. Complex 1+·SbF6- was remarkably stable, and its structure was characterized. The coordination sphere is slightly dissymmetric, while the typical patterns of phenoxyl radicals were observed within the ligand framework. Complex 1+ exhibits a rhombic signal at g = 2.087, 2.016, and 1.992, confirming its predominant phenoxyl radical character. The g-values are slightly smaller for 2+ (2.021, 2.008, and 1.983) and larger for 3+ (2.140, 1.999, and 1.885) yet consistent with phenoxyl radical species. The electronic spectra of 1+-3+ display an intervalence charge-transfer (IVCT) transition at 2396, 2600, and 2294 nm, respectively. Its intensity supports the description of cations 1+ and 3+ as mixed-valent (Class II/III) compounds according to the Robin Day classification. Complex 2+ behaves as a mixed-valent class II radical compound. In the presence of pyridine, radical species 1+ is successively converted into stable mono and bis(adducts), which are both Ni(III) complexes. Dications 1+2-3+2 were prepared electrochemically. They are electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-silent and do not show IVCT transition in their NIR spectra, consistent with a bis(radical) formulation. The proposed electronic structures are fully supported by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Kunert
- Université Grenoble Alpes , UMR CNRS-5250, Département de Chimie Moléculaire , Grenoble F-38000 , France
| | - Christian Philouze
- Université Grenoble Alpes , UMR CNRS-5250, Département de Chimie Moléculaire , Grenoble F-38000 , France
| | - Olivier Jarjayes
- Université Grenoble Alpes , UMR CNRS-5250, Département de Chimie Moléculaire , Grenoble F-38000 , France
| | - Fabrice Thomas
- Université Grenoble Alpes , UMR CNRS-5250, Département de Chimie Moléculaire , Grenoble F-38000 , France
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32
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Arevalo R, Chirik PJ. Enabling Two-Electron Pathways with Iron and Cobalt: From Ligand Design to Catalytic Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9106-9123. [PMID: 31084022 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous catalysis with Earth-abundant, first-row transition metals, including iron and cobalt, has gained considerable recent attention as a potentially cost-effective and sustainable alternative to more commonly and historically used precious metals. Because fundamental organometallic transformations, such as oxidative addition and reductive elimination, are two-electron processes and essential steps in many important catalytic cycles, controlling redox chemistry-in particular overcoming one-electron chemistry-has been as a central challenge with Earth-abundant metals. This Perspective focuses on approaches to impart sufficiently strong ligand fields to generate electron-rich metal complexes able to promote oxidative addition reactions where the redox changes are exclusively metal-based. Emphasis is placed on how ligand design and exploration of fundamental organometallic chemistry coupled with mechanistic understanding have been used to discover iron catalysts for the hydrogen isotope exchange in pharmaceuticals and cobalt catalysts for C(sp2)-H borylation reactions. A pervasive theme is that first-row metal complexes often promote unique chemistry from their precious-metal counterparts, demonstrating that these elements offer a host of new opportunities for reaction discovery and for more sustainable catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arevalo
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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33
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Agahi R, Challinor AJ, Dunne J, Docherty JH, Carter NB, Thomas SP. Regiodivergent hydrosilylation, hydrogenation, [2π + 2π]-cycloaddition and C-H borylation using counterion activated earth-abundant metal catalysis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5079-5084. [PMID: 31183059 PMCID: PMC6524663 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05391j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread adoption of earth-abundant metal catalysis lags behind that of the second- and third-row transition metals due to the often challenging practical requirements needed to generate the active low oxidation-state catalysts. Here we report the development of a single endogenous activation protocol across five reaction classes using both iron- and cobalt pre-catalysts. This simple catalytic manifold uses commercially available, bench-stable iron- or cobalt tetrafluoroborate salts to perform regiodivergent alkene and alkyne hydrosilylation, 1,3-diene hydrosilylation, hydrogenation, [2π + 2π]-cycloaddition and C-H borylation. The activation protocol proceeds by fluoride dissociation from the counterion, in situ formation of a hydridic activator and generation of a low oxidation-state catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Agahi
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - Amy J Challinor
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - Joanne Dunne
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - Jamie H Docherty
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
| | - Neil B Carter
- Syngenta , Jealott's Hill International Research Centre , Bracknell , Berkshire RG42 6EX , UK
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
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34
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Zuo Z, Xu S, Zhang L, Gan L, Fang H, Liu G, Huang Z. Cobalt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Vinylsilanes with a Phosphine–Pyridine–Oxazoline Ligand: Synthesis of Optically Active Organosilanes and Silacycles. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songgen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaquan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
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35
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Sikari R, Sinha S, Das S, Saha A, Chakraborty G, Mondal R, Paul ND. Achieving Nickel Catalyzed C–S Cross-Coupling under Mild Conditions Using Metal–Ligand Cooperativity. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4072-4085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sikari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Anannya Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Gargi Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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36
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Joannou MV, Darmon JM, Bezdek MJ, Chirik PJ. Exploring C(sp3)–C(sp3) reductive elimination from an isolable iron metallacycle. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Sinha S, Sikari R, Sinha V, Jash U, Das S, Brandão P, Demeshko S, Meyer F, de Bruin B, Paul ND. Iron-Catalyzed/Mediated C–N Bond Formation: Competition between Substrate Amination and Ligand Amination. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:1935-1948. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rina Sikari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Vivek Sinha
- Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Upasona Jash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Paula Brandão
- Departamento de Química, CICECO-Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous Catalysis Group, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur Botanic
Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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38
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Alig L, Fritz M, Schneider S. First-Row Transition Metal (De)Hydrogenation Catalysis Based On Functional Pincer Ligands. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2681-2751. [PMID: 30596420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of 3d metals in de/hydrogenation catalysis has emerged as a competitive field with respect to "traditional" precious metal catalyzed transformations. The introduction of functional pincer ligands that can store protons and/or electrons as expressed by metal-ligand cooperativity and ligand redox-activity strongly stimulated this development as a conceptual starting point for rational catalyst design. This review aims at providing a comprehensive picture of the utilization of functional pincer ligands in first-row transition metal hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis and related synthetic concepts relying on these such as the hydrogen borrowing methodology. Particular emphasis is put on the implementation and relevance of cooperating and redox-active pincer ligands within the mechanistic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Alig
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Maximilian Fritz
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Tammannstrasse 4 , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492015, India
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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40
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Xu WB, Li C, Wang J. RhI
-Catalyzed Carbonylative [3+1] Construction of Cyclobutenones via C−C σ-Bond Activation of Cyclopropenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:15786-15790. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Changkun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and; Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
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41
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Kramm F, Teske J, Ullwer F, Frey W, Plietker B. Anellierte Cyclobutane durch Fe‐katalysierte Cycloisomerisierung von Eninacetaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Kramm
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Johannes Teske
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Franziska Ullwer
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Bernd Plietker
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
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42
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Kramm F, Teske J, Ullwer F, Frey W, Plietker B. Annelated Cyclobutanes by Fe‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Enyne Acetates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13335-13338. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Kramm
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Johannes Teske
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Franziska Ullwer
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Bernd Plietker
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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43
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Das S, Sinha S, Jash U, Sikari R, Saha A, Barman SK, Brandão P, Paul ND. Redox-Induced Interconversion and Ligand-Centered Hemilability in NiII Complexes of Redox-Noninnocent Azo-Aromatic Pincers. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5830-5841. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Upasona Jash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Rina Sikari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Anannya Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Suman K. Barman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Paula Brandão
- Departamento de Química, CICECO-Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro,Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
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44
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Schmidt VA, Kennedy CR, Bezdek MJ, Chirik PJ. Selective [1,4]-Hydrovinylation of 1,3-Dienes with Unactivated Olefins Enabled by Iron Diimine Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3443-3453. [PMID: 29414238 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The selective, intermolecular [1,4]-hydrovinylation of conjugated dienes with unactivated α-olefins catalyzed by α-diimine iron complexes is described. Value-added "skipped" diene products were obtained with exclusive [1,4]-selectivity, and the formation of branched, ( Z)-olefin products was observed with no evidence for alkene isomerization. Mechanistic studies conducted with the well-defined, single-component iron precatalyst (MesDI)Fe(COD) (MesDI = [2,4,6-Me3-C6H2-N═CMe]2); COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) provided insights into the origin of the high selectivity. An iron diene complex was identified as the catalyst resting state, and one such isoprene complex, (iPrDI)Fe(η4-C5H8), was isolated and characterized. A combination of single crystal X-ray diffraction, Mößbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations established that the complex is best described as a high-spin Fe(I) center ( SFe = 3/2) engaged in antiferromagnetic coupling to an α-diimine radical anion ( SDI = -1/2), giving rise to the observed S = 1 ground state. Deuterium-labeling experiments and kinetic analyses of the catalytic reaction provided support for a pathway involving oxidative cyclization of an alkene with the diene complex to generate an iron metallacycle. The observed selectivity can be understood in terms of competing steric interactions in the transition states for oxidative cyclization and subsequent β-hydrogen elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - C Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Máté J Bezdek
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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45
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Burgess KMN, Widdifield CM, Xu Y, Leroy C, Bryce DL. Structural Insights from 59 Co Solid-State NMR Experiments on Organocobalt(I) Catalysts. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:227-236. [PMID: 29120533 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of fumarate-based organocobalt(I) [CoCp(CO)(fumarate)] catalysts is synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, multinuclear (13 C and 59 Co) solid-state NMR spectroscopy, and 59 Co NQR spectroscopy. Given the dearth of 59 Co solid-state NMR studies on CoI compounds, the present work constitutes the first systematic characterization of the 59 Co electric field gradient and chemical shift tensors for a series of cobalt complexes in this oxidation state. Using X-ray crystallography, the molecular geometry about the CoI centre is found to be nearly identical in all compounds studied herein. Owing to the 59 Co nucleus' large chemical shift range, solid-state NMR experiments are found to be able to detect small structural differences between the individual organocobalt(I) compounds. With the aid of density functional theory calculations on these complexes, it is shown that the 59 Co chemical shift anisotropy and the 59 Co quadrupolar coupling constant are both extremely sensitive gauges of the Fu-Co-Cp bond angle, providing a link between these 59 Co NMR observables and the catalysts' structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M N Burgess
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Current address: St. Peter's Seminary, University of Western Ontario, 1040 Waterloo St., London, ON, N6A 3Y1, Canada
| | - Cory M Widdifield
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Current address: Oakland University, Department of Chemistry, Mathematics and Science Center, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, MI, 48309-4479, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - César Leroy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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46
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van Leest NP, Epping RF, van Vliet KM, Lankelma M, van den Heuvel EJ, Heijtbrink N, Broersen R, de Bruin B. Single-Electron Elementary Steps in Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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47
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Sinha S, Das S, Sikari R, Parua S, Brandaõ P, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Paul ND. Redox Noninnocent Azo-Aromatic Pincers and Their Iron Complexes. Isolation, Characterization, and Catalytic Alcohol Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14084-14100. [PMID: 29120616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The new redox-noninnocent azoaromatic pincers 2-(arylazo)-1,10-phenanthroline (L1) and 2,9-bis(phenyldiazo)-1,10-phenanthroline (L2) are reported. The ligand L1 is a tridentate pincer having NNN donor atoms, whereas L2 is tetradentate having two azo-N donors and two N-donor atoms from the 1,10-phenanthroline moiety. Reaction of FeCl2 with L1 or L2 produced the pentacoordinated mixed-ligand Fe(II) complexes FeL1Cl2 (1) and FeL2Cl2 (2), respectively. Homoleptic octahedral Fe(II) complexes, mer-[Fe(L1)2](ClO4)2 [3](ClO4)2 and mer-[Fe(L2)2](ClO4)2 [4](ClO4)2, have been synthesized from the reaction of hydrated Fe(ClO4)2 and L1 or L2. The ligand L2, although having four donor sites available for coordination, binds the iron center in a tridentate fashion with one uncoordinated pendant azo function. Molecular and electronic structures of the isolated complexes have been scrutinized thoroughly by various spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and density functional theory. Beyond mere characterization, complexes 1 and 2 were successfully used as catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of primary and secondary benzylic alcohols. A wide variety of substituted benzyl alcohols were found to be converted to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in high yields, catalyzed by complex 1. Several control reactions were carried out to understand the mechanism of this alcohol oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Rina Sikari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Seuli Parua
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Paula Brandaõ
- Departamento de Química/CICECO, Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology , Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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48
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Joannou MV, Bezdek MJ, Al-Bahily K, Korobkov I, Chirik PJ. Synthesis and Reactivity of Pyridine(diimine) Molybdenum Olefin Complexes: Ethylene Dimerization and Alkene Dehydrogenation. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Joannou
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Máté J. Bezdek
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Khalid Al-Bahily
- SABIC Corporate Research & Development, Fundamental Catalysis, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- SABIC Corporate Research & Development, Fundamental Catalysis, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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49
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Kim DK, Riedel J, Kim RS, Dong VM. Cobalt Catalysis for Enantioselective Cyclobutanone Construction. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10208-10211. [PMID: 28704053 PMCID: PMC6824591 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, intramolecular hydroacylation has favored five-membered rings, in preference to four membered rings. Herein, we report a catalyst derived from earth-abundant cobalt that enables preparation of cyclobutanones, with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantiocontrol, under mild conditions (2 mol % catalyst loading and as low as 50 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jan Riedel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Raphael S. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vy M. Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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50
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Li F, Carpenter SH, Higgins RF, Hitt MG, Brennessel WW, Ferrier MG, Cary SK, Lezama-Pacheco JS, Wright JT, Stein BW, Shores MP, Neidig ML, Kozimor SA, Matson EM. Polyoxovanadate–Alkoxide Clusters as a Redox Reservoir for Iron. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7065-7080. [PMID: 28548499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Stephanie H. Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Robert F. Higgins
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Mark G. Hitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | | | - Samantha K. Cary
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Joshua T. Wright
- Department of Physics and CSRRI, Illinois Institute of Technology, 2101 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Benjamin W. Stein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Matthew P. Shores
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Stosh A. Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ellen M. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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