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Querci L, Piccioli M, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Banci L. Structural aspects of iron‑sulfur protein biogenesis: An NMR view. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119786. [PMID: 38901495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, structural aspects involving iron‑sulfur (Fe/S) protein biogenesis have played an increasingly important role in understanding the high mechanistic complexity of mitochondrial and cytosolic machineries maturing Fe/S proteins. In this respect, solution NMR has had a significant impact because of its ability to monitor transient protein-protein interactions, which are abundant in the networks of pathways leading to Fe/S cluster biosynthesis and transfer, as well as thanks to the developments of paramagnetic NMR in both terms of new methodologies and accurate data interpretation. Here, we review the use of solution NMR in characterizing the structural aspects of human Fe/S proteins and their interactions in the framework of Fe/S protein biogenesis. We will first present a summary of the recent advances that have been achieved by paramagnetic NMR and then we will focus our attention on the role of solution NMR in the field of human Fe/S protein biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Querci
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Piccioli
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Ciofi-Baffoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
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2
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Heidinger L, Fix I, Friedrich T, Layer G. Trapping the substrate radical of heme synthase AhbD. Front Chem 2024; 12:1430796. [PMID: 39119521 PMCID: PMC11306076 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1430796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The heme synthase AhbD catalyzes the last step of the siroheme-dependent heme biosynthesis pathway, which is operative in archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. The AhbD-catalyzed reaction consists of the oxidative decarboxylation of two propionate side chains of iron-coproporphyrin III to the corresponding vinyl groups of heme b. AhbD is a Radical SAM enzyme employing radical chemistry to achieve the decarboxylation reaction. Previously, it was proposed that the central iron ion of the substrate iron-coproporphyrin III participates in the reaction by enabling electron transfer from the initially formed substrate radical to an iron-sulfur cluster in AhbD. In this study, we investigated the substrate radical that is formed during AhbD catalysis. While the iron-coproporphyrinyl radical was not detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, trapping and visualization of the substrate radical was successful by employing substrate analogs such as coproporphyrin III and zinc-coproporphyrin III. The radical signals detected by EPR were analyzed by simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The observed radical species on the substrate analogs indicate that hydrogen atom abstraction takes place at the β-position of the propionate side chain and that an electron donating ligand is located in proximity to the central metal ion of the porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Heidinger
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Fix
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Friedrich
- Institut für Biochemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gunhild Layer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Chen Y, Li X, Sun R, Ji J, Yang F, Tian W, Ji W, Huang Q. A broad cuproptosis landscape in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031539. [PMID: 36405733 PMCID: PMC9669451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cuproptosis, a genetic process of copper-dependent cell death linked to mitochondria respiration, demonstrates its correlation with inhibiting tumoral angiogenesis and motility. Recent studies have developed systematic bioinformatics frameworks to identify the association of cuproptosis with tumors but any non-neoplastic diseases. Therefore, against the background of an increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the landscape of cuproptosis regulation in IBD is a critical need to be investigated. Methods The differentially expressed cuproptosis-related genes (DECRGs) were identified with human sequencing profiles for four inflammatory digestive disorders. Another four independent IBD datasets from GEO were used as a validation cohort. And experimental mice model provides another validation method. Using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, CIBERSORT, and consensus clustering algorithms, we explored the association between immune score and cuproptosis-related genes, as well as the diagnostic value of these genes. Molecular docking screened potential interaction of IBD drugs with the structural regulator by Autodock Vina. Results Cuproptosis-related regulators exhibited extensive differential expression in Crohn's Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC), Celiac Disease (CEL), and IBD-induced cancer (IBD-CA) that share common differential genes (PDHA1, DBT, DLAT, LIAS). The differential expression of DECRGs was reverified in the validated cohort and immunohistochemistry assay. Moreover, the cell signaling pathways and ontology mainly focused on the mitochondrial respiratory function, which was highly enriched in Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). According to ssGSEA and ROC, when considering the four regulators, which showed robust association with immune infiltration in IBD, the area under the ROC (AUC) was 0.743. In addition, two clusters of consensus clustering based on the four regulators exhibit different immune phenotypes. According to molecular docking results, methotrexate gained the highest binding affinity to the main chain of key cuproptosis-related regulators compared with the remaining ten drugs. Conclusion Cuproptosis-related regulators were widely linked to risk variants, immune cells, immune function, and drug efficacy in IBD. Regulation of cuproptosis may deeply influence the occurrence and development of patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinfang Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Ji
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiliang Tian
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wu Ji
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Wu Ji, ; Qian Huang,
| | - Qian Huang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Wu Ji, ; Qian Huang,
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4
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Warui D, Sil D, Lee KH, Neti SS, Esakova OA, Knox HL, Krebs C, Booker SJ. In Vitro Demonstration of Human Lipoyl Synthase Catalytic Activity in the Presence of NFU1. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:456-468. [PMID: 36281303 PMCID: PMC9585516 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipoyl synthase (LS) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the lipoyl cofactor, which is the attachment of sulfur atoms at C6 and C8 of an n-octanoyllysyl side chain of a lipoyl carrier protein (LCP). The protein is a member of the radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) superfamily of enzymes, which use SAM as a precursor to a 5'-deoxyadenosyl 5'-radical (5'-dA·). The role of the 5'-dA· in the LS reaction is to abstract hydrogen atoms from C6 and C8 of the octanoyl moiety of the substrate to initiate subsequent sulfur attachment. All radical SAM enzymes have at least one [4Fe-4S] cluster that is used in the reductive cleavage of SAM to generate the 5'-dA·; however, LSs contain an additional auxiliary [4Fe-4S] cluster from which sulfur atoms are extracted during turnover, leading to degradation of the cluster. Therefore, these enzymes catalyze only 1 turnover in the absence of a system that restores the auxiliary cluster. In Escherichia coli, the auxiliary cluster of LS can be regenerated by the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster carrier protein NfuA as fast as catalysis takes place, and less efficiently by IscU. NFU1 is the human ortholog of E. coli NfuA and has been shown to interact directly with human LS (i.e., LIAS) in yeast two-hybrid analyses. Herein, we show that NFU1 and LIAS form a tight complex in vitro and that NFU1 can efficiently restore the auxiliary cluster of LIAS during turnover. We also show that BOLA3, previously identified as being critical in the biosynthesis of the lipoyl cofactor in humans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has no direct effect on Fe-S cluster transfer from NFU1 or GLRX5 to LIAS. Further, we show that ISCA1 and ISCA2 can enhance LIAS turnover, but only slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas
M. Warui
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Debangsu Sil
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kyung-Hoon Lee
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Syam Sundar Neti
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Olga A. Esakova
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hayley L. Knox
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Carsten Krebs
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Squire J. Booker
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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5
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Neti SS, Sil D, Warui DM, Esakova OA, Solinski AE, Serrano DA, Krebs C, Booker SJ. Characterization of LipS1 and LipS2 from Thermococcus kodakarensis: Proteins Annotated as Biotin Synthases, which Together Catalyze Formation of the Lipoyl Cofactor. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:509-520. [PMID: 36281299 PMCID: PMC9585515 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipoic acid is an eight-carbon sulfur-containing biomolecule that functions primarily as a cofactor in several multienzyme complexes. It is biosynthesized as an attachment to a specific lysyl residue on one of the subunits of these multienzyme complexes. In Escherichia coli and many other organisms, this biosynthetic pathway involves two dedicated proteins: octanoyltransferase (LipB) and lipoyl synthase (LipA). LipB transfers an n-octanoyl chain from the octanoyl-acyl carrier protein to the target lysyl residue, and then, LipA attaches two sulfur atoms (one at C6 and one at C8) to give the final lipoyl cofactor. All classical lipoyl synthases (LSs) are radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes, which use an [Fe4S4] cluster to reductively cleave SAM to generate a 5'-deoxyadenosyl 5'-radical. Classical LSs also contain a second [Fe4S4] cluster that serves as the source of both appended sulfur atoms. Recently, a novel pathway for generating the lipoyl cofactor was reported. This pathway replaces the canonical LS with two proteins, LipS1 and LipS2, which act together to catalyze formation of the lipoyl cofactor. In this work, we further characterize LipS1 and LipS2 biochemically and spectroscopically. Although LipS1 and LipS2 were previously annotated as biotin synthases, we show that both proteins, unlike E. coli biotin synthase, contain two [Fe4S4] clusters. We identify the cluster ligands to both iron-sulfur clusters in both proteins and show that LipS2 acts only on an octanoyl-containing substrate, while LipS1 acts only on an 8-mercaptooctanoyl-containing substrate. Therefore, similarly to E. coli biotin synthase and in contrast to E. coli LipA, sulfur attachment takes place initially at the terminal carbon (C8) and then at the C6 methylene carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam Sundar Neti
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Debangsu Sil
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Douglas M. Warui
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Olga A. Esakova
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Amy E. Solinski
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Dante A. Serrano
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Carsten Krebs
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Squire J. Booker
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Howard
Hughes
Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University
Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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6
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Chatterjee S, Hausinger RP. Sulfur incorporation into biomolecules: recent advances. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:461-476. [PMID: 36403141 PMCID: PMC10192010 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2022.2141678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element for a variety of cellular constituents in all living organisms and adds considerable functionality to a wide range of biomolecules. The pathways for incorporating sulfur into central metabolites of the cell such as cysteine, methionine, cystathionine, and homocysteine have long been established. Furthermore, the importance of persulfide intermediates during the biosynthesis of thionucleotide-containing tRNAs, iron-sulfur clusters, thiamin diphosphate, and the molybdenum cofactor are well known. This review briefly surveys these topics while emphasizing more recent aspects of sulfur metabolism that involve unconventional biosynthetic pathways. Sacrificial sulfur transfers from protein cysteinyl side chains to precursors of thiamin and the nickel-pincer nucleotide (NPN) cofactor are described. Newer aspects of synthesis for lipoic acid, biotin, and other compounds are summarized, focusing on the requisite iron-sulfur cluster destruction. Sulfur transfers by using a noncore sulfide ligand bound to a [4Fe-4S] cluster are highlighted for generating certain thioamides and for alternative biosynthetic pathways of thionucleotides and the NPN cofactor. Thioamide formation by activating an amide oxygen atom via phosphorylation also is illustrated. The discussion of these topics stresses the chemical reaction mechanisms of the transformations and generally avoids comments on the gene/protein nomenclature or the sources of the enzymes. This work sets the stage for future efforts to decipher the diverse mechanisms of sulfur incorporation into biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana Chatterjee
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert P. Hausinger
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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7
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Camponeschi F, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Calderone V, Banci L. Molecular Basis of Rare Diseases Associated to the Maturation of Mitochondrial [4Fe-4S]-Containing Proteins. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12071009. [PMID: 35883565 PMCID: PMC9313013 DOI: 10.3390/biom12071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria in mammalian cells is widely known. Several biochemical reactions and pathways take place within mitochondria: among them, there are those involving the biogenesis of the iron–sulfur (Fe-S) clusters. The latter are evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitous inorganic cofactors, performing a variety of functions, such as electron transport, enzymatic catalysis, DNA maintenance, and gene expression regulation. The synthesis and distribution of Fe-S clusters are strictly controlled cellular processes that involve several mitochondrial proteins that specifically interact each other to form a complex machinery (Iron Sulfur Cluster assembly machinery, ISC machinery hereafter). This machinery ensures the correct assembly of both [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters and their insertion in the mitochondrial target proteins. The present review provides a structural and molecular overview of the rare diseases associated with the genes encoding for the accessory proteins of the ISC machinery (i.e., GLRX5, ISCA1, ISCA2, IBA57, FDX2, BOLA3, IND1 and NFU1) involved in the assembly and insertion of [4Fe-4S] clusters in mitochondrial proteins. The disease-related missense mutations were mapped on the 3D structures of these accessory proteins or of their protein complexes, and the possible impact that these mutations have on their specific activity/function in the frame of the mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] protein biogenesis is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Camponeschi
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.C.); (L.B.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Simone Ciofi-Baffoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.C.); (L.B.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.-B.); (V.C.); Tel.: +39-055-4574192 (S.C.-B.); +39-055-4574276 (V.C.)
| | - Vito Calderone
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.C.); (L.B.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.C.-B.); (V.C.); Tel.: +39-055-4574192 (S.C.-B.); +39-055-4574276 (V.C.)
| | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.C.); (L.B.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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8
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Jeyachandran VR, Boal AK. Structural insights into auxiliary cofactor usage by radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 68:102153. [PMID: 35512465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes use a common catalytic core for diverse transformations. While all radical SAM enzymes bind a Fe4S4 cluster via a characteristic tri-cysteine motif, many bind additional metal cofactors. Recently reported structures of radical SAM enzymes that use methylcobalamin or additional iron-sulfur clusters as cosubstrates show that these auxiliary units are anchored by N- and C-terminal domains that vary significantly in size and topology. Despite this architectural diversity, all use a common surface for auxiliary cofactor docking. In the sulfur insertion and metallocofactor assembly systems evaluated here, interaction with iron-sulfur cluster assembly proteins or downstream scaffold proteins is an important component of catalysis. Structures of these complexes represent important new frontiers in structural analysis of radical SAM enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Robert Jeyachandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Amie K Boal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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9
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Saudino G, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Banci L. Protein-Interaction Affinity Gradient Drives [4Fe-4S] Cluster Insertion in Human Lipoyl Synthase. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5713-5717. [PMID: 35343688 PMCID: PMC8991016 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human lipoyl synthase (LIAS) is an enzyme containing two [4Fe-4S] clusters (named FeSRS and FeSaux) involved in the biosynthesis of the lipoyl cofactor. The mechanism by which a [4Fe-4S] cluster is inserted into LIAS has thus far remained elusive. Here we show that NFU1 and ISCA1 of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster assembly machinery, via forming a heterodimeric complex, are the key factors for the insertion of a [4Fe-4S] cluster into the FeSRS site of LIAS. In this process, the crucial actor is the C-domain of NFU1, which, by exploiting a protein-interaction affinity gradient increasing from ISCA1 to LIAS, drives the cluster to its final destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Saudino
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Simone Ciofi-Baffoni
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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10
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McCarthy EL, Rankin AN, Dill ZR, Booker SJ. The A-type domain in Escherichia coli NfuA is required for regenerating the auxiliary [4Fe-4S] cluster in Escherichia coli lipoyl synthase. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1609-1617. [PMID: 30538130 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipoyl cofactor plays an integral role in several essential biological processes. The last step in its de novo biosynthetic pathway, the attachment of two sulfur atoms at C6 and C8 of an n-octanoyllysyl chain, is catalyzed by lipoyl synthase (LipA), a member of the radical SAM superfamily. In addition to the [4Fe-4S] cluster common to all radical SAM enzymes, LipA contains a second [4Fe-4S] auxiliary cluster, which is sacrificed during catalysis to supply the requisite sulfur atoms, rendering the protein inactive for further turnovers. Recently, it was shown that the Fe-S cluster carrier protein NfuA from Escherichia coli can regenerate the auxiliary cluster of E. coli LipA after each turnover, but the molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. Herein, using protein-protein interaction and kinetic assays as well as site-directed mutagenesis, we provide further insight into the mechanism of NfuA-mediated cluster regeneration. In particular, we show that the N-terminal A-type domain of E. coli NfuA is essential for its tight interaction with LipA. Further, we demonstrate that NfuA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also regenerate the auxiliary cluster of E. coli LipA. However, an Nfu protein from Staphylococcus aureus, which lacks the A-type domain, was severely diminished in facilitating cluster regeneration. Of note, addition of the N-terminal domain of E. coli NfuA to S. aureus Nfu, fully restored cluster-regenerating activity. These results expand our understanding of the newly discovered mechanism by which the auxiliary cluster of LipA is restored after each turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L McCarthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Ananda N Rankin
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Zerick R Dill
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Squire J Booker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof M. Jäger
- University of Nottingham; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; NG7 2RD Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Anna K. Croft
- University of Nottingham; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; NG7 2RD Nottingham United Kingdom
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A [4Fe-4S]-Fe(CO)(CN)-L-cysteine intermediate is the first organometallic precursor in [FeFe] hydrogenase H-cluster bioassembly. Nat Chem 2018; 10:555-560. [PMID: 29632334 PMCID: PMC6380689 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the [FeFe] hydrogenase active site (the 'H-cluster') requires the interplay of multiple proteins and small molecules. Among them, the radical S-adenosylmethionine enzyme HydG, a tyrosine lyase, has been proposed to generate a complex that contains an Fe(CO)2(CN) moiety that is eventually incorporated into the H-cluster. Here we describe the characterization of an intermediate in the HydG reaction: a [4Fe-4S][(Cys)Fe(CO)(CN)] species, 'Complex A', in which a CO, a CN- and a cysteine (Cys) molecule bind to the unique 'dangler' Fe site of the auxiliary [5Fe-4S] cluster of HydG. The identification of this intermediate-the first organometallic precursor to the H-cluster-validates the previously hypothesized HydG reaction cycle and provides a basis for elucidating the biosynthetic origin of other moieties of the H-cluster.
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Mulliez E, Duarte V, Arragain S, Fontecave M, Atta M. On the Role of Additional [4Fe-4S] Clusters with a Free Coordination Site in Radical-SAM Enzymes. Front Chem 2017; 5:17. [PMID: 28361051 PMCID: PMC5352715 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical CysXXXCysXXCys motif is the hallmark of the Radical-SAM superfamily. This motif is responsible for the ligation of a [4Fe-4S] cluster containing a free coordination site available for SAM binding. The five enzymes MoaA, TYW1, MiaB, RimO and LipA contain in addition a second [4Fe-4S] cluster itself bound to three other cysteines and thus also displaying a potentially free coordination site. This review article summarizes recent important achievements obtained on these five enzymes with the main focus to delineate the role of this additional [4Fe-4S] cluster in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Mulliez
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 CEA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UGA Grenoble, France
| | - Victor Duarte
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 CEA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UGA Grenoble, France
| | - Simon Arragain
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229, Collége de France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université P. et M. Curie Paris, France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 CEA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UGAGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, UMR 8229, Collége de France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université P. et M. CurieParis, France
| | - Mohamed Atta
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 5249 CEA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UGA Grenoble, France
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Characterization of Radical S-adenosylmethionine Enzymes and Intermediates in their Reactions by Continuous Wave and Pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN METALLOPROTEIN AND METALLOENZYME RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59100-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Mashruwala AA, Roberts CA, Bhatt S, May KL, Carroll RK, Shaw LN, Boyd JM. Staphylococcus aureus SufT: an essential iron-sulphur cluster assembly factor in cells experiencing a high-demand for lipoic acid. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:1099-1119. [PMID: 27671355 PMCID: PMC5161685 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus SufT is composed solely of the domain of unknown function 59 (DUF59) and has a role in the maturation of iron-sulphur (Fe-S) proteins. We report that SufT is essential for S. aureus when growth is heavily reliant upon lipoamide-utilizing enzymes, but dispensable when this reliance is decreased. LipA requires Fe-S clusters for lipoic acid (LA) synthesis and a ΔsufT strain had phenotypes suggestive of decreased LA production and decreased activities of lipoamide-requiring enzymes. Fermentative growth, a null clpC allele, or decreased flux through the TCA cycle diminished the demand for LA and rendered SufT non-essential. Abundance of the Fe-S cluster carrier Nfu was increased in a ΔclpC strain and a null clpC allele was unable to suppress the LA requirement of a ΔsufT Δnfu strain. Over-expression of nfu suppressed the LA requirement of the ΔsufT strain. We propose a model wherein SufT, and by extension the DUF59, is essential for the maturation of holo-LipA in S. aureus cells experiencing a high demand for lipoamide-dependent enzymes. The findings presented suggest that the demand for products of Fe-S enzymes is a factor governing the usage of one Fe-S cluster assembly factor over another in the maturation of apo-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya A. Mashruwala
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Christina A. Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Shiven Bhatt
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Kerrie L. May
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Ronan K. Carroll
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FA 33620
| | - Lindsey N. Shaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FA 33620
| | - Jeffrey M. Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
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Assembly of Lipoic Acid on Its Cognate Enzymes: an Extraordinary and Essential Biosynthetic Pathway. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:429-50. [PMID: 27074917 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00073-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the structure of lipoic acid and its role in bacterial metabolism were clear over 50 years ago, it is only in the past decade that the pathways of biosynthesis of this universally conserved cofactor have become understood. Unlike most cofactors, lipoic acid must be covalently bound to its cognate enzyme proteins (the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases and the glycine cleavage system) in order to function in central metabolism. Indeed, the cofactor is assembled on its cognate proteins rather than being assembled and subsequently attached as in the typical pathway, like that of biotin attachment. The first lipoate biosynthetic pathway determined was that of Escherichia coli, which utilizes two enzymes to form the active lipoylated protein from a fatty acid biosynthetic intermediate. Recently, a more complex pathway requiring four proteins was discovered in Bacillus subtilis, which is probably an evolutionary relic. This pathway requires the H protein of the glycine cleavage system of single-carbon metabolism to form active (lipoyl) 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases. The bacterial pathways inform the lipoate pathways of eukaryotic organisms. Plants use the E. coli pathway, whereas mammals and fungi probably use the B. subtilis pathway. The lipoate metabolism enzymes (except those of sulfur insertion) are members of PFAM family PF03099 (the cofactor transferase family). Although these enzymes share some sequence similarity, they catalyze three markedly distinct enzyme reactions, making the usual assignment of function based on alignments prone to frequent mistaken annotations. This state of affairs has possibly clouded the interpretation of one of the disorders of human lipoate metabolism.
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