1
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Friedhoff R, Elfayres G, Mérindol N, Desgagné-Penix I, Berthoux L. RNA replication-independent, DNA linearization-dependent expression of reporter genes from a SARS-CoV-2 replicon-encoding DNA in human cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300491. [PMID: 39150942 PMCID: PMC11329111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Replicons, derived from RNA viruses, are genetic constructs retaining essential viral enzyme genes while lacking key structural protein genes. Upon introduction into cells, the genes carried by the replicon RNA are expressed, and the RNA self-replicates, yet viral particle production does not take place. Typically, RNA replicons are transcribed in vitro and are then electroporated in cells. However, it would be advantageous for the replicon to be generated in cells following DNA transfection instead of RNA. In this study, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) DNA encoding a SARS-CoV-2 replicon under control of a T7 promoter was transfected into HEK293T cells engineered to functionally express the T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP). Upon transfection of the BAC DNA, we observed low, but reproducible expression of reporter proteins GFP and luciferase carried by this replicon. Expression of the reporter proteins required linearization of the BAC DNA prior to transfection. Moreover, expression occurred independently of T7 RNAP. Gene expression was also insensitive to remdesivir treatment, suggesting that it did not involve self-replication of replicon RNA. Similar results were obtained in highly SARS-CoV-2 infection-permissive Calu-3 cells. Strikingly, prior expression of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein boosted expression from transfected SARS-CoV-2 RNA replicon but not from the replicon BAC DNA. In conclusion, transfection of a large DNA encoding a coronaviral replicon led to reproducible replicon gene expression through an unidentified mechanism. These findings highlight a novel pathway toward replicon gene expression from transfected replicon cDNA, offering valuable insights for the development of methods for DNA-based RNA replicon applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Friedhoff
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Ghada Elfayres
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Natacha Mérindol
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Lionel Berthoux
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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2
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DNA computational device-based smart biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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3
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Suparpprom C, Vilaivan T. Perspectives on conformationally constrained peptide nucleic acid (PNA): insights into the structural design, properties and applications. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:648-697. [PMID: 35755191 PMCID: PMC9175113 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00017b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acid or PNA is a synthetic DNA mimic that contains a sequence of nucleobases attached to a peptide-like backbone derived from N-2-aminoethylglycine. The semi-rigid PNA backbone acts as a scaffold that arranges the nucleobases in a proper orientation and spacing so that they can pair with their complementary bases on another DNA, RNA, or even PNA strand perfectly well through the standard Watson-Crick base-pairing. The electrostatically neutral backbone of PNA contributes to its many unique properties that make PNA an outstanding member of the xeno-nucleic acid family. Not only PNA can recognize its complementary nucleic acid strand with high affinity, but it does so with excellent specificity that surpasses the specificity of natural nucleic acids and their analogs. Nevertheless, there is still room for further improvements of the original PNA in terms of stability and specificity of base-pairing, direction of binding, and selectivity for different types of nucleic acids, among others. This review focuses on attempts towards the rational design of new generation PNAs with superior performance by introducing conformational constraints such as a ring or a chiral substituent in the PNA backbone. A large collection of conformationally rigid PNAs developed during the past three decades are analyzed and compared in terms of molecular design and properties in relation to structural data if available. Applications of selected modified PNA in various areas such as targeting of structured nucleic acid targets, supramolecular scaffold, biosensing and bioimaging, and gene regulation will be highlighted to demonstrate how the conformation constraint can improve the performance of the PNA. Challenges and future of the research in the area of constrained PNA will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaturong Suparpprom
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Tah-Poe District, Muang Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Tirayut Vilaivan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Tah-Poe District, Muang Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand
- Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Phayathai Road Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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4
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Wang F, Li P, Chu HC, Lo PK. Nucleic Acids and Their Analogues for Biomedical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020093. [PMID: 35200353 PMCID: PMC8869748 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are emerging as powerful and functional biomaterials due to their molecular recognition ability, programmability, and ease of synthesis and chemical modification. Various types of nucleic acids have been used as gene regulation tools or therapeutic agents for the treatment of human diseases with genetic disorders. Nucleic acids can also be used to develop sensing platforms for detecting ions, small molecules, proteins, and cells. Their performance can be improved through integration with other organic or inorganic nanomaterials. To further enhance their biological properties, various chemically modified nucleic acid analogues can be generated by modifying their phosphodiester backbone, sugar moiety, nucleobase, or combined sites. Alternatively, using nucleic acids as building blocks for self-assembly of highly ordered nanostructures would enhance their biological stability and cellular uptake efficiency. In this review, we will focus on the development and biomedical applications of structural and functional natural nucleic acids, as well as the chemically modified nucleic acid analogues over the past ten years. The recent progress in the development of functional nanomaterials based on self-assembled DNA-based platforms for gene regulation, biosensing, drug delivery, and therapy will also be presented. We will then summarize with a discussion on the advanced development of nucleic acid research, highlight some of the challenges faced and propose suggestions for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (F.W.); (P.L.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (F.W.); (P.L.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Hoi Ching Chu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (F.W.); (P.L.); (H.C.C.)
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (F.W.); (P.L.); (H.C.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Care, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence:
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5
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Perera JDR, Carufe KEW, Glazer PM. Peptide nucleic acids and their role in gene regulation and editing. Biopolymers 2021; 112:e23460. [PMID: 34129732 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The unique properties of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) makes it a desirable candidate to be used in therapeutic and biotechnological interventions. It has been broadly utilized for numerous applications, with a major focus in regulation of gene expression, and more recently in gene editing. While the classic PNA design has mainly been employed to date, chemical modifications of the PNA backbone and nucleobases provide an avenue to advance the technology further. This review aims to discuss the recent developments in PNA based gene manipulation techniques and the use of novel chemical modifications to improve the current state of PNA mediated gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dinithi R Perera
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelly E W Carufe
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Yin
- Division of Physical Biology CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
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7
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Canady TD, Berlyoung AS, Martinez JA, Emanuelson C, Telmer CA, Bruchez MP, Armitage BA. Enhanced Hybridization Selectivity Using Structured GammaPNA Probes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040970. [PMID: 32098111 PMCID: PMC7070858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High affinity nucleic acid analogues such as gammaPNA (γPNA) are capable of invading stable secondary and tertiary structures in DNA and RNA targets but are susceptible to off-target binding to mismatch-containing sequences. We introduced a hairpin secondary structure into a γPNA oligomer to enhance hybridization selectivity compared with a hairpin-free analogue. The hairpin structure features a five base PNA mask that covers the proximal five bases of the γPNA probe, leaving an additional five γPNA bases available as a toehold for target hybridization. Surface plasmon resonance experiments demonstrated that the hairpin probe exhibited slower on-rates and faster off-rates (i.e., lower affinity) compared with the linear probe but improved single mismatch discrimination by up to a factor of five, due primarily to slower on-rates for mismatch vs. perfect match targets. The ability to discriminate against single mismatches was also determined in a cell-free mRNA translation assay using a luciferase reporter gene, where the hairpin probe was two-fold more selective than the linear probe. These results validate the hairpin design and present a generalizable approach to improving hybridization selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor D. Canady
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA; (T.D.C.); (A.S.B.); (J.A.M.); (C.E.); (M.P.B.)
| | - April S. Berlyoung
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA; (T.D.C.); (A.S.B.); (J.A.M.); (C.E.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Joe A. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA; (T.D.C.); (A.S.B.); (J.A.M.); (C.E.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Cole Emanuelson
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA; (T.D.C.); (A.S.B.); (J.A.M.); (C.E.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Cheryl A. Telmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA;
| | - Marcel P. Bruchez
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA; (T.D.C.); (A.S.B.); (J.A.M.); (C.E.); (M.P.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA;
| | - Bruce A. Armitage
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3890, USA; (T.D.C.); (A.S.B.); (J.A.M.); (C.E.); (M.P.B.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Fairbanks BD, Culver HR, Mavila S, Bowman CN. Towards High-Efficiency Synthesis of Xenonucleic Acids. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Saarbach J, Sabale PM, Winssinger N. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and its applications in chemical biology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 52:112-124. [PMID: 31541865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) stands as one of the most successful artificial oligonucleotide mimetics. Salient features include the stability of hybridization complexes (either as duplexes or triplexes), metabolic stability, and ease of chemical modifications. These features have enabled important applications such as antisense agents, gene editing, nucleic acid sensing and as a platform to program the assembly of PNA-tagged molecules. Here, we review recent advances in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Saarbach
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pramod M Sabale
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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10
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Sabale PM, Ambi UB, Srivatsan SG. A Lucifer-Based Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent PNA Probe for Imaging Poly(A) RNAs. Chembiochem 2018; 19:826-835. [PMID: 29396904 PMCID: PMC5972818 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence‐based oligonucleotide (ON) hybridization probes greatly aid the detection and profiling of RNA sequences in cells. However, certain limitations such as target accessibility and hybridization efficiency in cellular environments hamper their broad application because RNAs can form complex and stable structures. In this context, we have developed a robust hybridization probe suitable for imaging RNA in cells by combining the properties of 1) a new microenvironment‐sensitive fluorescent nucleobase analogue, obtained by attaching the Lucifer chromophore (1,8‐naphthalimide) at the 5‐position of uracil, and 2) a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) capable of forming stable hybrids with RNA. The fluorescence of the PNA base analogue labeled with the Lucifer chromophore, when incorporated into PNA oligomers and hybridized to complementary and mismatched ONs, is highly responsive to its neighboring base environment. Notably, the PNA base reports the presence of an adenine repeat in an RNA ON with reasonable enhancement in fluorescence. This feature of the emissive analogue enabled the construction of a poly(T) PNA probe for the efficient visualization of polyadenylated [poly(A)] RNAs in cells—poly(A) being an important motif that plays vital roles in the lifecycle of many types of RNA. Our results demonstrate that such responsive fluorescent nucleobase analogues, when judiciously placed in PNA oligomers, could generate useful hybridization probes to detect nucleic acid sequences in cells and also to image them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod M Sabale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Uddhav B Ambi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Seergazhi G Srivatsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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11
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Manicardi A, Rozzi A, Korom S, Corradini R. Building on the peptide nucleic acid (PNA) scaffold: a biomolecular engineering approach. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2017.1371720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Manicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group (OBCR), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences – Ghent University Campus Sterre, Belgium
| | - Andrea Rozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Saša Korom
- National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Corradini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Roma, Italy
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12
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Del Grosso E, Idili A, Porchetta A, Ricci F. A modular clamp-like mechanism to regulate the activity of nucleic-acid target-responsive nanoswitches with external activators. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18057-18061. [PMID: 27714163 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a general and modular approach to regulate the activity of target-responsive DNA-based nanoswitches. We do so by coupling together two DNA-based responsive elements: a triplex-forming clamp-like probe able to bind a specific DNA sequence and a split aptamer selected to bind a small molecule. In the presence of the specific target of one of the above responsive elements, the nanoswitch partially folds and its ability to bind the second target is restored. With this approach we can finely modulate the affinity of both DNA-recognition elements and aptamers using an external ligand. The modular nature of our strategy makes it easily generalizable to different DNA based recognition elements. As a demonstration of this we successfully designed five different DNA nanoswitches whose responsiveness can be regulated by different molecular effectors and targets. The convenience with which this mechanism is designed suggests that it may prove a useful tool by which sensors, genetic networks and other biotechnology devices employing nucleic-acid based receptors can be controlled with an external input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Del Grosso
- Chemistry Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Andrea Idili
- Chemistry Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Porchetta
- Chemistry Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Chemistry Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome 00133, Italy.
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13
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Sabale PM, Srivatsan SG. Responsive Fluorescent PNA Analogue as a Tool for Detecting G-quadruplex Motifs of Oncogenes and Activity of Toxic Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins. Chembiochem 2016; 17:1665-73. [PMID: 27271025 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent oligomers that are resistant to enzymatic degradation and report their binding to target oligonucleotides (ONs) by changes in fluorescence properties are highly useful in developing nucleic-acid-based diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. Here, we describe the synthesis and photophysical characterization of fluorescent peptide nucleic acid (PNA) building blocks made of microenvironment-sensitive 5-(benzofuran-2-yl)- and 5-(benzothiophen-2-yl)-uracil cores. The emissive monomers, when incorporated into PNA oligomers and hybridized to complementary ONs, are minimally perturbing and are highly sensitive to their neighboring base environment. In particular, benzothiophene-modified PNA reports the hybridization process with significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity, even when placed in the vicinity of guanine residues, which often quench fluorescence. This feature was used in the turn-on detection of G-quadruplex-forming promoter DNA sequences of human proto-oncogenes (c-myc and c-kit). Furthermore, the ability of benzothiophene-modified PNA oligomer to report the presence of an abasic site in RNA enabled us to develop a simple fluorescence hybridization assay to detect and estimate the depurination activity of ribosome-inactivating protein toxins. Our results demonstrate that this approach with responsive PNA probes will provide new opportunities to develop robust tools to study nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod M Sabale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Seergazhi G Srivatsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, India.
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14
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Manicardi A, Gyssels E, Corradini R, Madder A. Furan-PNA: a mildly inducible irreversible interstrand crosslinking system targeting single and double stranded DNA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6930-3. [PMID: 27147261 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We here report on the design and synthesis of tailor-made furan-modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes for covalent targeting of single stranded DNA through a crosslinking strategy. After introducing furan-containing building blocks into a PNA sequence, hybridization and furan-oxidation based crosslinking to DNA is investigated. The structure of the crosslinked products is characterized and preliminary investigations concerning the application of these systems to double stranded DNA are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manicardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
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