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Borsley S, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Molecular Ratchets and Kinetic Asymmetry: Giving Chemistry Direction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400495. [PMID: 38568047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and design of stochastic molecular systems-biological, chemical and physical-in a move away from the mechanical macroscopic analogies that dominated thinking regarding molecular dynamics in the 1990s and early 2000s (e.g. pistons, springs, etc), to the more scale-relevant concepts that underpin out-of-equilibrium research in the molecular sciences today. Ratcheting has established molecular nanotechnology as a research frontier for energy transduction and metabolism, and has enabled the reverse engineering of biomolecular machinery, delivering insights into how molecules 'walk' and track-based synthesisers operate, how the acceleration of chemical reactions enables energy to be transduced by catalysts (both motor proteins and synthetic catalysts), and how dynamic systems can be driven away from equilibrium through catalysis. The recognition of molecular ratchet mechanisms in biology, and their invention in synthetic systems, is proving significant in areas as diverse as supramolecular chemistry, systems chemistry, dynamic covalent chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, polymer and materials science, molecular biology, heterogeneous catalysis, endergonic synthesis, the origin of life, and many other branches of chemical science. Put simply, ratchet mechanisms give chemistry direction. Kinetic asymmetry, the key feature of ratcheting, is the dynamic counterpart of structural asymmetry (i.e. chirality). Given the ubiquity of ratchet mechanisms in endergonic chemical processes in biology, and their significance for behaviour and function from systems to synthesis, it is surely just as fundamentally important. This Review charts the recognition, invention and development of molecular ratchets, focussing particularly on the role for which they were originally envisaged in chemistry, as design elements for molecular machinery. Different kinetically asymmetric systems are compared, and the consequences of their dynamic behaviour discussed. These archetypal examples demonstrate how chemical systems can be driven inexorably away from equilibrium, rather than relax towards it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M W Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
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2
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Li B, Zhou G, Zhang D, Yao L, Li M, Yang G, Zhang S, Nie H. Spiro-Josiphos Ligands for the Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Amines under Hydrogenation Conditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:2097-2102. [PMID: 38437523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation possesses unparalleled advantages to prepare chiral amines. Here we reported a novel ligand that combined Josiphos and a spirobiindane scaffold and simultaneously investigated its application in Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation for the synthesis of chiral amines. Excellent catalytic activity (5000 TON), high enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee), and broad substrate scope (different C═N substrates) make it highly promising for both academic research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiao-tong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dongxu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Muqiong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guidong Yang
- XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiao-tong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiao-tong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huifang Nie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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3
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Borsley S, Gallagher JM, Leigh DA, Roberts BMW. Ratcheting synthesis. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:8-29. [PMID: 38102412 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemistry has traditionally relied on reactions between reactants of high chemical potential and transformations that proceed energetically downhill to either a global or local minimum (thermodynamic or kinetic control). Catalysts can be used to manipulate kinetic control, lowering activation energies to influence reaction outcomes. However, such chemistry is still constrained by the shape of one-dimensional reaction coordinates. Coupling synthesis to an orthogonal energy input can allow ratcheting of chemical reaction outcomes, reminiscent of the ways that molecular machines ratchet random thermal motion to bias conformational dynamics. This fundamentally distinct approach to synthesis allows multi-dimensional potential energy surfaces to be navigated, enabling reaction outcomes that cannot be achieved under conventional kinetic or thermodynamic control. In this Review, we discuss how ratcheted synthesis is ubiquitous throughout biology and consider how chemists might harness ratchet mechanisms to accelerate catalysis, drive chemical reactions uphill and programme complex reaction sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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4
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Großkopf J, Bach T. Catalytic Photochemical Deracemization via Short-Lived Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308241. [PMID: 37428113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Upon irradiation in the presence of a suitable chiral catalyst, racemic compound mixtures can be converted into enantiomerically pure compounds with the same constitution. The process is called photochemical deracemization and involves the formation of short-lived intermediates. By opening different reaction channels for the forward reaction to the intermediate and for the re-constitution of the chiral molecule, the entropically disfavored process becomes feasible. Since the discovery of the first photochemical deracemization in 2018, the field has been growing rapidly. This review comprehensively covers the research performed in the area and discusses current developments. It is subdivided according to the mode of action and the respective substrate classes. The focus of this review is on the scope of the individual reactions and on a discussion of the mechanistic details underlying the presented reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Großkopf
- School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
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5
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Wen L, Ding J, Duan L, Wang S, An Q, Wang H, Zuo Z. Multiplicative enhancement of stereoenrichment by a single catalyst for deracemization of alcohols. Science 2023; 382:458-464. [PMID: 37883537 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemical enrichment of a racemic mixture by deracemization must overcome unfavorable entropic effects as well as the principle of microscopic reversibility; recently, photochemical reaction pathways unveiled by the energetic input of light have led to innovations toward this end, most often by ablation of a stereogenic C(sp3)-H bond. We report a photochemically driven deracemization protocol in which a single chiral catalyst effects two mechanistically different steps, C-C bond cleavage and C-C bond formation, to achieve multiplicative enhancement of stereoinduction, which leads to high levels of stereoselectivity. Ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitation of a titanium catalyst coordinated by a chiral phosphoric acid or bisoxazoline efficiently enriches racemic alcohols that feature adjacent and fully substituted stereogenic centers to enantiomeric ratios up to 99:1. Mechanistic investigations support a pathway of sequential radical-mediated bond scission and bond formation through a common prochiral intermediate and reveal that, although the overall stereoenrichment is high, the selectivity in each individual step is moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingfei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing An
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Kim SF, Sarpong R. Interconverting mirror-image molecules. Science 2023; 382:373-374. [PMID: 37883536 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk7116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A light-driven multitasking catalyst enhances chirality in molecular mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung F Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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7
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Gu G, Xu Z, Wen L, Liang J, Wang C, Wan X, Zhao Y. Chirality Sensing of N-Heterocycles via 19F NMR. JACS AU 2023; 3:1348-1357. [PMID: 37234104 PMCID: PMC10206601 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Methods to rapidly detect and differentiate chiral N-heterocyclic compounds become increasingly important owing to the widespread application of N-heterocycles in drug discovery and materials science. We herein report a 19F NMR-based chemosensing approach for the prompt enantioanalysis of various N-heterocycles, where the dynamic binding between the analytes and a chiral 19F-labeled palladium probe create characteristic 19F NMR signals assignable to each enantiomer. The open binding site of the probe allows the effective recognition of bulky analytes that are otherwise difficult to detect. The chirality center distal to the binding site is found sufficient for the probe to discriminate the stereoconfiguration of the analyte. The utility of the method in the screening of reaction conditions for the asymmetric synthesis of lansoprazole is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Gu
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenchuang Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lixian Wen
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinhua Liang
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaolong Wan
- Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key
Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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8
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Abstract
Deracemization, which converts a racemate into its single enantiomer without separation of the intermediate, has gained renewed interest in asymmetric synthesis with its inherent atomic economy and high efficiency. However, this ideal process requires selective energy input and delicate reaction design to surmount the thermodynamical and kinetical constraints. With the rapid development of asymmetric catalysis, many catalytic strategies in concert with exogenous energy input have been exploited to facilitate this nonspontaneous enantioenrichment. In this perspective, we will discuss the basic ideas to accomplish catalytic deracemization, categorized by the three major exogenous energy sources including chemical (redox)-, photo- and mechanical energy from attrition. Emphasis will be given to the catalytic features and the underlying deracemization mechanism together with perspectives on future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouxin Huang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Third Military of Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tianrun Pan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xieyang Jiang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Chen Q, Zhu Y, Shi X, Huang R, Jiang C, Zhang K, Liu G. Light-driven redox deracemization of indolines and tetrahydroquinolines using a photocatalyst coupled with chiral phosphoric acid. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1715-1723. [PMID: 36819858 PMCID: PMC9930931 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of oxidation and enantioselective reduction enables a redox deracemization to directly access enantioenriched products from their corresponding racemates. However, the solution of the kinetically microscopic reversibility of substrates used in this oxidation/reduction unidirectional event is a great challenge. To address this issue, we have developed a light-driven strategy to enable an efficient redox deracemization of cyclamines. The method combines a photocatalyst and a chiral phosphoric acid in a toluene/aqueous cyclodextrin emulsion biphasic co-solvent system to drive the cascade out-of-equilibrium. Systemic optimizations achieve a feasible oxidation/reduction cascade sequence, and mechanistic investigations demonstrate a unidirectional process. This single-operation cascade route, which involves initial photocatalyzed oxidation of achiral cyclamines to cyclimines and subsequent chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective reduction of cyclimines to chiral cyclamines, is suitable for constructing optically pure indolines and tetrahydroquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Chen
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Yuanli Zhu
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Xujing Shi
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Renfu Huang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Chuang Jiang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Guohua Liu
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
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Sangster JJ, Ruscoe RE, Cosgrove SC, Mangas-Sánchez J, Turner NJ. One-Pot Chemoenzymatic Cascade for the Enantioselective C(1)-Allylation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4431-4437. [PMID: 36790859 PMCID: PMC9983016 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a one-pot, chemoenzymatic process for the synthesis of enantioenriched C(1)-allylated tetrahydroisoquinolines. This transformation couples a monoamine oxidase (MAO-N)-catalyzed oxidation with a metal catalyzed allylboration, followed by a biocatalytic deracemization to afford allylic amine derivatives in both high yields and good to high enantiomeric excess. The cascade is operationally simple, with all components added at the start of the reaction and can be used to generate key building blocks for further elaboration.
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11
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Liu L. Hydride-Abstraction-Initiated Catalytic Stereoselective Intermolecular Bond-Forming Processes. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3537-3550. [PMID: 36384272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective intermolecular bond-forming reactions through the direct manipulation of ubiquitous yet inert C(sp3)-H bonds represent an important and long-standing goal in chemistry. In particular, developing such a stereoselective bimolecular transformation involving carbocation intermediates generated via site-selective hydride abstraction or formal hydride abstraction by organic oxidants would avoid the preinstallation of directing groups and is therefore attractive. Hydride-abstraction-initiated bimolecular transformations have received considerable attention, but existing examples lack stereoselective studies. Prevalent stereoselective studies typically suffer from the narrow substrate scope of specific and highly reactive N-aryl amines and diarylmethanes together with limited synthetic utility. This Account describes our recent advances in the development and synthetic application of hydride-abstraction-initiated stereoselective intermolecular C-C and C-H bond-forming processes with significantly expanded scopes involving structurally diverse N-acyl amines and ethers together with nitriles, esters, and perfluoroalkyl moieties.We first explored hydride-abstraction-initiated stereoselective intermolecular C-C bond-forming processes. Utilizing triarylmethyl cations or oxoammonium ions as hydride abstractors, we accomplished the diastereoselective oxidative C-H functionalization of structurally diverse N-acyl amines and ethers with a range of organoboranes and C-H components, efficiently installing a series of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkynyl species into the α-position of heteroatoms with good levels of diastereocontrol. Subsequently, we developed an "acetal pool" strategy as the toolbox to regulate the stability of cationic intermediates and the compatibility of organic oxidants with a delicate asymmetric catalysis system. Utilizing this strategy, we achieved the catalytic enantioselective oxidative C-H alkenylation, arylation, alkynylation, and alkylation of diverse N-acyl heterocycles with a range of boronates and C-H components. Simultaneously, we extended this strategy to the asymmetric oxidative C-H alkylation of ethers. Notably, the method allows solvents that are used daily, such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, and diethyl ether, to be facilely transformed to high-value-added optically pure bioactive molecules. We further expanded the scope of this challenging area from the C(sp3)-H bond adjacent to electron-donating heteroatoms to valuable electron-withdrawing functional groups including nitriles, esters, and perfluoroalkyl moieties for the stereoselective construction of single and vicinal quaternary carbon stereocenters, respectively.We studied hydride-abstraction-initiated catalytic asymmetric intermolecular C-H bond-forming processes, known as redox deracemization. Utilizing the acetal pool strategy, we reported the first redox deracemization of cyclic benzylic ethers. Later, we disclosed an aerobic one-pot deracemization of diverse α-amino acid derivatives with excellent functional group compatibility. We further achieved the deracemization of the tertiary stereogenic center adjacent to electron-withdrawing groups including perfluoroalkyl, cyano, and ester moieties, which are otherwise difficult to construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan250100, China
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12
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Abstract
Creating, conserving and modifying the stereochemistry of organic compounds has been the subject of significant research efforts in synthetic chemistry. Most synthetic routes are designed according to the stereoselectivity-determining step. Stereochemical editing is an alternative strategy, wherein the chiral-defining or geometry-defining steps are independent of the construction of the major scaffold or complexity. It enables late-stage alterations of stereochemistry and can generate isomers from a single compound. However, in many instances, stereochemical editing processes are contra-thermodynamic, meaning the transformation is unfavourable. To overcome this barrier, photocatalysis uses photogenerated radical species and introduces thermochemical biases. A range of synthetically valuable contra-thermodynamic stereochemical editing processes have been invented, including deracemization of chiral molecules, positional alkene isomerization and dynamic epimerization of sugars and diols. In this Review, we highlight the fundamental mechanisms of visible-light photocatalysis and the general reactivity modes of the photogenerated radical intermediates towards contra-thermodynamic stereochemical editing processes.
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Chen F, Jin MY, Wang DZ, Xu C, Wang J, Xing X. Simultaneous Access to Two Enantio-enriched Alcohols by a Single Ru-Catalyst: Asymmetric Hydrogen Transfer from Racemic Alcohols to Matching Ketones. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Yu Jin
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Chen Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiangyou Xing
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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14
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Ji Y, Zhang X, Wu Y, Dang ZL, Han WW, Wang SC, Dong SB, Zhang QZ. Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines for Facile Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines with Quaternary Centers. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Photochemical α-Deracemization of Carbonyl Compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Nallagonda R, Musaev DG, Karimov RR. Light-Promoted Dearomative Cross-Coupling of Heteroarenium Salts and Aryl Iodides via Nickel Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Nallagonda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rashad R. Karimov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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17
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Su Y, Zou Y, Xiao W. Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Deracemization. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Meng FJ, Shao BR, Velopolcek MK, Guo X, Feng GS, Shi L. Redox deracemization of phosphonate-substituted dihydropyrimidines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10570-10574. [PMID: 34853846 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient redox deracemization of the phosphonic ester substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one (DHPM) derivatives is described. The one-pot deracemization strategy consisted of the oxidization to destroy the stereocenter center and the following asymmetric transfer hydrogenation to regenerate the chiral carbon center with the vicinal phosphonic ester group, providing a series of optically active phosphonate substituted DHPMs with up to 96% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Jie Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Bing-Ru Shao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Maria K Velopolcek
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
| | - Xuan Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Guang-Shou Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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Ji Y, Zhang X, Han W, Wang S, Wu Y, Zhang K, Yang P, Xiao P, Wei Y. Concise synthesis of α-cyano tetrahydroisoquinolines with a quaternary center via Strecker reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38712-38716. [PMID: 35493240 PMCID: PMC9044453 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08469k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A concise synthesis of α-cyano tetrahydroisoquinolines with a quaternary center via the Strecker reaction was successfully realized by employing TMSCN as cyano source and KF as fluoride source, furnishing the products with up to 99% yield. An isomerization of α-cyano tetrahydroisoquinoline was observed under alkaline conditions to give the isomer via [1,3]-H shift. Concise synthesis of α-cyano tetrahydroisoquinolines with a quaternary center was successfully realized, furnishing products with up to 99% yield and an isomerization was observed under alkaline conditions, giving the isomer via [1,3]-H shift.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ji
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Weiwei Han
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Sichang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Ya Wu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Keliang Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Penghui Yang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Pei Xiao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Yitao Wei
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an 710065 China
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20
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Li BB, Zhang J, Chen FF, Chen Q, Xu JH, Zheng GW. Direct reductive amination of ketones with amines by reductive aminases. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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21
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Zhang Z, Hu X. Visible-Light-Driven Catalytic Deracemization of Secondary Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22833-22838. [PMID: 34397164 PMCID: PMC8519112 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Deracemization of racemic chiral compounds is an attractive approach in asymmetric synthesis, but its development has been hindered by energetic and kinetic challenges. Here we describe a catalytic deracemization method for secondary benzylic alcohols which are important synthetic intermediates and end products for many industries. Driven by visible light only, this method is based on sequential photochemical dehydrogenation followed by enantioselective thermal hydrogenation. The combination of a heterogeneous dehydrogenation photocatalyst and a chiral molecular hydrogenation catalyst is essential to ensure two distinct pathways for the forward and reverse reactions. These reactions convert a large number of racemic aryl alkyl alcohols into their enantiomerically enriched forms in good yields and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Poly-technique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and CatalysisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Poly-technique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305Lausanne1015Switzerland
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22
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Zhang Z, Hu X. Visible‐Light‐Driven Catalytic Deracemization of Secondary Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhang
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Poly-technique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Poly-technique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) ISIC-LSCI, BCH 3305 Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
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23
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Zhao Z, Wang C, Chen Q, Wang Y, Xiao R, Tan C, Liu G. Phase Separation‐Promoted Redox Deracemization of Secondary Alcohols over a Supported Dual Catalysts System. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zhao
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Wang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Qipeng Chen
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Rui Xiao
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Tan
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Guohua Liu
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
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24
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Chen X, Zhao R, Liu Z, Sun S, Ma Y, Liu Q, Sun X, Liu L. Redox deracemization of α-substituted 1,3-dihydroisobenzofurans. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Wang G, Lu R, He C, Liu L. Kinetic resolution of indolines by asymmetric hydroxylamine formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2512. [PMID: 33947847 PMCID: PMC8096955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic kinetic resolution of amines represents a longstanding challenge in chemical synthesis. Here, we described a kinetic resolution of secondary amines through oxygenation to produce enantiopure hydroxylamines involving N–O bond formation. The economic and practical titanium-catalyzed asymmetric oxygenation with environmentally benign hydrogen peroxide as oxidant is applicable to a range of racemic indolines with multiple stereocenters and diverse substituent patterns in high efficiency with efficient chemoselectivity and enantio-discrimination. Late-stage asymmetric oxygenation of bioactive molecules that are otherwise difficult to synthesize was also explored. Catalytic kinetic resolution of amines is a longstanding challenge in chemical synthesis. Here, the authors report on titanium‐catalysed asymmetric oxygenation with hydrogen peroxide for kinetic resolution of secondary amines through oxygenation to produce enantiopure hydroxylamines involving N–O bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | | | - Lei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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26
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Yang WL, Liu TT, Ni T, Zhu B, Luo X, Deng WP. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Cascade Allylation/Pictet-Spengler Cyclization Reaction for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,3,4-Trisubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Org Lett 2021; 23:2790-2796. [PMID: 33734718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed trifluoroacetic acid-promoted asymmetric cascade allylation/Pictet-Spengler cyclization reaction of azomethine ylides with aromatic allylic alcohols is reported. This protocol provides a facile and scalable method for the construction of 1,3,4-trisubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines containing two stereogenic centers in good yields (up to 96%) with generally excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and >99% ee). Furthermore, a series of aromatic heterocycle-fused piperidines were also obtained with excellent enantiocontrol by this methodology.
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27
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Guillot M, de Meester J, Collard L, Riant O, Leyssens T. Co-Crystallization-Induced Spontaneous Deracemization: An Optimization Study. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Guillot
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, boîte L4.01.06, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Joséphine de Meester
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, boîte L4.01.06, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laurent Collard
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, boîte L4.01.06, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, boîte L4.01.06, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Tom Leyssens
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université Catholique de Louvain, Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, boîte L4.01.06, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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28
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Li WS, Kuo TS, Wu PY, Chen CT, Wu HL. Enantioselective Synthesis of 1-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines by the Rhodium-Catalyzed Reaction of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolinium Tetraarylborates. Org Lett 2021; 23:1141-1146. [PMID: 33492973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 1-aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines (1-aryl THIQs) are omnipresent in biologically active molecules. Here we report on the direct asymmetric synthesis of these valuable compounds via the reaction of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium tetraarylborates. The dual roles of anionic tetraarylborates, which function as both prenucleophiles and stabilizers of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium cations, enable this rhodium(I)-catalyzed protocol to convergently provide enantioenriched 1-aryl THIQs in good yields (≤95%) with ≤97% ee, as demonstrated by the formal synthesis of (-)-solifenacin and the facile synthesis of (-)-Cryptostyline I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sian Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yu Wu
- Oleader Technologies, Company, Ltd., 1F, No. 8, Aly. 29, Ln. 335, Chenggong Road, Hukou Township, Hsinchu 30345, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsyueh-Liang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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29
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30
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Li B, Liu R, Yang J, Luo J, Yao L, Li M, Zheng X, Jiang R, Nie H, Zhang S. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Sterically Hindered Cyclic Imines for Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Org Lett 2020; 23:140-144. [PMID: 33351639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An efficient enantioselective hydrogenation of sterically hindered cyclic imines catalyzed by the Ir-tBu-ax-Josiphos complex has been described, producing a series of useful chiral bulky tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs in high isolated yields (85-96%) with good to excellent enantioselectivities (74-99% ee). This transformation provided highly straightforward access to the useful derivatives of tetrahydroisoquinolines, which are of great potential value in drug molecule and natural product research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jingyuan Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Muqiong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Ru Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huifang Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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31
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Metrano AJ, Chinn AJ, Shugrue CR, Stone EA, Kim B, Miller SJ. Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by Synthetic Peptides, Version 2.0: Expansion of Scope and Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11479-11615. [PMID: 32969640 PMCID: PMC8006536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight synthetic peptides have been demonstrated to be effective catalysts for an increasingly wide array of asymmetric transformations. In many cases, these peptide-based catalysts have enabled novel multifunctional substrate activation modes and unprecedented selectivity manifolds. These features, along with their ease of preparation, modular and tunable structures, and often biomimetic attributes make peptides well-suited as chiral catalysts and of broad interest. Many examples of peptide-catalyzed asymmetric reactions have appeared in the literature since the last survey of this broad field in Chemical Reviews (Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5759-5812). The overarching goal of this new Review is to provide a comprehensive account of the numerous advances in the field. As a corollary to this goal, we survey the many different types of catalytic reactions, ranging from acylation to C-C bond formation, in which peptides have been successfully employed. In so doing, we devote significant discussion to the structural and mechanistic aspects of these reactions that are perhaps specific to peptide-based catalysts and their interactions with substrates and/or reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Metrano
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, 35 Gatehouse Dr., Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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32
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Qiu J, Stevens JM. High-Throughput Classical Chiral Resolution Screening of Synthetic Intermediates: Effects of Resolving Agents, Crystallization Solvents, and Other Factors. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiu
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jason M. Stevens
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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33
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Barrios-Rivera J, Xu Y, Wills M. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Unhindered and Non-Electron-Rich 1-Aryl Dihydroisoquinolines with High Enantioselectivity. Org Lett 2020; 22:6283-6287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingjian Xu
- GoldenKeys High-tech Materials Co., Ltd., Building B, Innovation & Entrepreneurship Park, Guian New Area, Guian 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Martin Wills
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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34
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Chen X, Yan L, Zhang L, Zhao C, Feng G, Chen L, Sun S, Liu Q, Liu L. Aerobic redox deracemization of α-aryl glycine esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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35
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Chen L, Yang Y, Liu L, Gao Q, Xu S. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-C(sp3)–H Borylation of Azacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12062-12068. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Senmiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou Research Institute, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Mao Y, Wang Z, Wang G, Zhao R, Kan L, Pan X, Liu L. Redox Deracemization of Tertiary Stereocenters Adjacent to an Electron-Withdrawing Group. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Linglong Kan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoguang Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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37
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Zhang L, Zhu R, Feng A, Zhao C, Chen L, Feng G, Liu L. Redox deracemization of β,γ-alkynyl α-amino esters. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4444-4449. [PMID: 34122901 PMCID: PMC8159540 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00944j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The first non-enzymatic redox deracemization method using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant has been described. The one-pot deracemization of β,γ-alkynyl α-amino esters consisted of a copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidation and chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation with excellent functional group compatibility. By using benzothiazoline as the reducing reagent, an exclusive chemoselectivity at the C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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N bond over the C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C bond was achieved, allowing for efficient deracemization of a series of α-amino esters bearing diverse α-alkynyl substituent patterns. The origins of chemo- and enantio-selectivities were elucidated by experimental and computational mechanistic investigation. The generality of the strategy is further demonstrated by efficient deracemization of β,γ-alkenyl α-amino esters. A one-pot deracemization of β,γ-alkynyl α-amino esters consisting of an aerobic oxidation and chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation has been described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Aili Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Changyin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Guidong Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University Jinan 250012 China .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
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38
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Shin NY, Ryss JM, Zhang X, Miller SJ, Knowles RR. Light -driven deracemization enabled by excited -state electron transfer. Science 2020; 366:364-369. [PMID: 31624212 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deracemization is an attractive strategy for asymmetric synthesis, but intrinsic energetic challenges have limited its development. Here, we report a deracemization method in which amine derivatives undergo spontaneous optical enrichment upon exposure to visible light in the presence of three distinct molecular catalysts. Initiated by an excited-state iridium chromophore, this reaction proceeds through a sequence of favorable electron, proton, and hydrogen-atom transfer steps that serve to break and reform a stereogenic C-H bond. The enantioselectivity in these reactions is jointly determined by two independent stereoselective steps that occur in sequence within the catalytic cycle, giving rise to a composite selectivity that is higher than that of either step individually. These reactions represent a distinct approach to creating out-of-equilibrium product distributions between substrate enantiomers using excited-state redox events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Y Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jonathan M Ryss
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Scott J Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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39
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Shi Q, Ye J. Deracemization Enabled by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4998-5001. [PMID: 32031314 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Deracemization is an ideal but challenging strategy for the conversion of a racemic mixture into a single enantiomer. Recent studies have demonstrated that visible-light photocatalysis could be utilized to promote selective deracemization of axially chiral allenes as well as cyclopropylquinolones and cyclic ureas with central chirality either through energy transfer or through a sequence of electron, proton, and hydrogen-atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral DrugsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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41
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Ma Y, Liu X, Mao Y, Huang J, Ma S, Liu L. Redox deracemization of diarylmethyl alkynes. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00811g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A highly effective one-pot redox deracemization of diarylmethyl alkynes has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingang Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Cheeloo College of Medicine
- Shandong University
| | - Xigong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P.R. China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Cheeloo College of Medicine
- Shandong University
| | - Jiancheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P.R. China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Cheeloo College of Medicine
- Shandong University
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Cheeloo College of Medicine
- Shandong University
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42
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Barrios-Rivera J, Xu Y, Wills M, Vyas VK. A diversity of recently reported methodology for asymmetric imine reduction. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00794c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review describes recent developments in enantioselective imine reduction, including related substrates in which a CN bond is the target for reduction, and in situ methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingjian Xu
- GoldenKeys High-tech Materials Co
- Ltd
- Guian New Area
- China
| | - Martin Wills
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
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43
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Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Abstract
Photocatalysis converts racemic mixtures of
N
-aryl cyclic ureas into single enantiomers
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Wendlandt
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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45
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Nie H, Zhu Y, Hu X, Wei Z, Yao L, Zhou G, Wang P, Jiang R, Zhang S. Josiphos-Type Binaphane Ligands for Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 1-Aryl-Substituted Dihydroisoquinolines. Org Lett 2019; 21:8641-8645. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Yupu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaomu Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Lin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Pingan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Ru Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, China
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46
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Hejazifar M, Pálvölgyi ÁM, Bitai J, Lanaridi O, Bica-Schröder K. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation in Thermomorphic Microemulsions Based on Ionic Liquids. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Hejazifar
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ádám Márk Pálvölgyi
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Bitai
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Olga Lanaridi
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Bica-Schröder
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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47
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Lu R, Cao L, Guan H, Liu L. Iron-Catalyzed Aerobic Dehydrogenative Kinetic Resolution of Cyclic Secondary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6318-6324. [PMID: 30916947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A nonenzymatic iron-catalyzed dehydrogenative kinetic resolution of cyclic secondary amines using air as an oxidant has been reported. The economical and practical method is applicable to a series of cyclic benzylic amines, including 5,6-dihydrophenanthridines and 1,2-dihydroquinolines, with diverse functional groups at the α position in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The direct dehydrogenative kinetic resolution of advanced intermediates of bioactive molecules that are difficult to access using existing catalytic asymmetric synthetic strategy was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , China
| | - Liya Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , China
| | - Honghao Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , Jinan 250012 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
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48
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Qu P, Kuepfert M, Jockusch S, Weck M. Compartmentalized Nanoreactors for One-Pot Redox-Driven Transformations. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Qu
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Michael Kuepfert
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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49
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Haldar S, Jana CK. Direct (het)arylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines via a metal and oxidant free C(sp 3)-H functionalization enabled three component reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1800-1804. [PMID: 30516776 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02309c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented method for the direct arylation and heteroarylation of tetrahydroisoquinolines under metal and oxidant free conditions is reported. The arylation reactions occurred via a C(sp3)-H functionalization enabled three component condensation of tetrahydroisoquinolines, 9-fluorenone imine, and arenes without involving a pre-functionalization/pre-derivatization step. A wide range of arenes and heteroarenes participated in the reaction to provide structurally diverse arylated tetrahydroisoquinolines with good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Haldar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, India.
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50
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Ota E, Wang H, Frye NL, Knowles RR. A Redox Strategy for Light-Driven, Out-of-Equilibrium Isomerizations and Application to Catalytic C-C Bond Cleavage Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1457-1462. [PMID: 30628777 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report a general protocol for the light-driven isomerization of cyclic aliphatic alcohols to linear carbonyl compounds. These reactions proceed via proton-coupled electron-transfer activation of alcohol O-H bonds followed by subsequent C-C β-scission of the resulting alkoxy radical intermediates. In many cases, these redox-neutral isomerizations proceed in opposition to a significant energetic gradient, yielding products that are less thermodynamically stable than the starting materials. A mechanism is presented to rationalize this out-of-equilibrium behavior that may serve as a model for the design of other contrathermodynamic transformations driven by excited-state redox events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Ota
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Huaiju Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Nils Lennart Frye
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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