1
|
Yox P, Cerasoli F, Sarkar A, Kyveryga V, Viswanathan G, Donadio D, Kovnir K. New Trick for an Old Dog: From Prediction to Properties of "Hidden Clathrates" Ba 2Zn 5As 6 and Ba 2Zn 5Sb 6. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4638-4646. [PMID: 36787623 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The zinc-antimony phase space has been heavily investigated due to the structural complexity and abundance of high-performing thermoelectric materials. Consequentially, the desire to use zinc and antimony as framework elements to encage rattling cations and achieve phonon-glass-electron-crystal-type properties has remained an enticing goal with only two alkali metal clathrates to date, Cs8Zn18Sb28 and K58Zn122Sb207. Guided by Zintl electron-counting predictions, we explored the Ba-Zn-Pn (Pn = As, Sb) phase space proximal to the expected composition of the type-I clathrate. In situ powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed two "hidden" compounds which can only be synthesized in a narrow temperature range. The ex situ synthesis and crystal growth unveiled that instead of type-I clathrates, compositionally close but structurally different new clathrate-like compounds formed, Ba2Zn5As6 and Ba2Zn5Sb6. These materials crystallize in a unique structure, in the orthorhombic space group Pmna with the Wyckoff sequence i2h6gfe. Single-phase synthesis enabled the exploration of their transport properties. Rattling of the Ba cations in oversized cages manifested low thermal conductivity, which, coupled with the high Seebeck coefficients observed, are prerequisites for a promising thermoelectric material. Potential for further optimization of the thermoelectric performance by aliovalent doping was computationally analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Yox
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Frank Cerasoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Arka Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Victoria Kyveryga
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Gayatri Viswanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Davide Donadio
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,U.S. Department of Energy, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Owens-Baird B, Kovnir K. From Three-Dimensional Clathrates to Two-Dimensional Zintl Phases AMSb 2 (A = Rb, Cs; M = Ga, In) Composed of Pentagonal M-Sb Rings. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:533-541. [PMID: 34905342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three new antimonide Zintl phases, RbGaSb2, CsGaSb2, and CsInSb2, were discovered during exploration of corresponding A-M-Sb (A = Rb, Cs; M = Ga, In) ternary systems while searching for new clathrates. The AGaSb2 phases crystallize in the tetragonal space group P42/nmc (No. 137) in the LiBS2 structure type, while CsInSb2 crystallizes in lower symmetry in the orthorhombic space group Cmce (No. 64) in the KGaSb2 structure type with additional disorder of one of the Cs sites. The crystal structures of all three reported AMSb2 compounds are composed of two-dimensional [MSb2]- tetrahedral layers separated by Rb+ or Cs+ cations. [MSb2]- layers are built from fused M-Sb pentagons and hexagons, which are also the main structural units for A8M27Sb19 clathrate cages. The semiconductor nature of AMSb2 was suggested by band structure calculations and confirmed by transport property characterization. CsGaSb2 is a rare example of an n-type pnictide Zintl phase. All reported compounds exhibit low thermal conductivity typical for complex antimonides of heavy elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Bryan Owens-Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gvozdetskyi V, Wang R, Xia W, Zhang F, Lin Z, Ho KM, Miller G, Zaikina JV. How to Look for Compounds: Predictive Screening and in situ Studies in Na-Zn-Bi System. Chemistry 2021; 27:15954-15966. [PMID: 34472129 PMCID: PMC9293119 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Here, the combination of theoretical computations followed by rapid experimental screening and in situ diffraction studies is demonstrated as a powerful strategy for novel compounds discovery. When applied for the previously “empty” Na−Zn−Bi system, such an approach led to four novel phases. The compositional space of this system was rapidly screened via the hydride route method and the theoretically predicted NaZnBi (PbClF type, P4/nmm) and Na11Zn2Bi5 (Na11Cd2Sb5 type, P1‾
) phases were successfully synthesized, while other computationally generated compounds on the list were rejected. In addition, single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of NaZnBi indicate minor deviations from the stoichiometric 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio. As a result, two isostructural (PbClF type, P4/nmm) Zn‐deficient phases with similar compositions, but distinctly different unit cell parameters were discovered. The vacancies on Zn sites and unit cell expansion were rationalized from bonding analysis using electronic structure calculations on stoichiometric “NaZnBi”. In‐situ synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction studies shed light on complex equilibria in the Na−Zn−Bi system at elevated temperatures. In particular, the high‐temperature polymorph HT‐Na3Bi (BiF3 type, Fm3‾m) was obtained as a product of Na11Zn2Bi5 decomposition above 611 K. HT‐Na3Bi cannot be stabilized at room temperature by quenching, and this type of structure was earlier observed in the high‐pressure polymorph HP‐Na3Bi above 0.5 GPa. The aforementioned approach of predictive synthesis can be extended to other multinary systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Gvozdetskyi
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of Amerika
| | - Renhai Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Weiyi Xia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of Amerika
| | - Feng Zhang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of Amerika
| | - Zijing Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Kai-Ming Ho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of Amerika
| | - Gordon Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of Amerika
| | - Julia V Zaikina
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, United States of Amerika
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gvozdetskyi V, Lee SJ, Owens-Baird B, Dolyniuk JA, Cox T, Wang R, Lin Z, Ho KM, Zaikina JV. Ternary Zinc Antimonides Unlocked Using Hydride Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10686-10697. [PMID: 34181854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three new sodium zinc antimonides Na11Zn2Sb5, Na4Zn9Sb9, and NaZn3Sb3 were synthesized utilizing sodium hydride NaH as a reactive sodium source. In comparison to the synthesis using sodium metal, salt-like NaH can be ball-milled, leading to the easy and uniform mixing of precursors in the desired stoichiometric ratios. Such comprehensive compositional control enables a fast screening of the Na-Zn-Sb system and identification of new compounds, followed by their preparation in bulk with high purity. Na11Zn2Sb5 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group (No. 2, Z = 2, a = 8.8739(6) Å, b = 10.6407(7) Å, c = 11.4282(8) Å, α = 103.453(2)°, β = 96.997(2)°, γ = 107.517(2)°) and features polyanionic [Zn2Sb5]11- clusters with unusual 3-coordinated Zn atoms. Both Na4Zn9Sb9 (Z = 4, a = 28.4794(4) Å, b = 4.47189(5) Å, c = 17.2704(2) Å, β = 98.3363(6)°) and NaZn3Sb3 (Z = 8, a = 32.1790(1) Å, b = 4.51549(1) Å, c = 9.64569(2) Å, β = 98.4618(1)°) crystallize in the monoclinic C2/m space group (No. 12) and have complex new structure types. For both compounds, their frameworks are built from ZnSb4 distorted tetrahedra, which are linked via edge-, vertex-sharing, or both, while Na cations fill in the framework channels. Due to the complex structures, Na4Zn9Sb9 and NaZn3Sb3 compounds exhibit low thermal conductivities (0.97-1.26 W·m-1 K-1) at room temperature, positive Seebeck coefficients (19-32 μV/K) suggestive of holes as charge carriers, and semimetallic electrical resistivities (∼1.0-2.3 × 10-4 Ω·m). Na4Zn9Sb9 and NaZn3Sb3 decompose into the equiatomic NaZnSb above ∼800 K, as determined by in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. The discovery of multiple ternary compounds highlights the importance of judicious choice of the synthetic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bryan Owens-Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Juli-Anna Dolyniuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tori Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Renhai Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zijing Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kai-Ming Ho
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Julia V Zaikina
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song L, Roelsgaard M, Blichfeld AB, Dippel AC, Jensen KMØ, Zhang J, Iversen BB. Structural evolution in thermoelectric zinc antimonide thin films studied by in situ X-ray scattering techniques. IUCRJ 2021; 8:444-454. [PMID: 33953930 PMCID: PMC8086166 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521002852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Zinc antimonides have been widely studied owing to their outstanding thermoelectric properties. Unlike in the bulk state, where various structurally unknown phases have been identified through their specific physical properties, a number of intermediate phases in the thin-film state remain largely unexplored. Here, in situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray total scattering are combined with in situ measurement of electrical resistivity to monitor the crystallization process of as-deposited amorphous Zn-Sb films during post-deposition annealing. The as-deposited Zn-Sb films undergo a structural evolution from an amorphous phase to an intermediate crystalline phase and finally the ZnSb phase during heat treatment up to 573 K. An intermediate phase (phase B) is identified to be a modified β-Zn8Sb7 phase by refinement of the X-ray diffraction data. Within a certain range of Sb content (∼42-55 at%) in the films, phase B is accompanied by an emerging Sb impurity phase. Lower Sb content leads to smaller amounts of Sb impurity and the formation of phase B at lower temperatures, and phase B is stable at room temperature if the annealing temperature is controlled. Pair distribution function analysis of the amorphous phase shows local ordered units of distorted ZnSb4 tetrahedra, and annealing leads to long-range ordering of these units to form the intermediate phase. A higher formation energy is required when the intermediate phase evolves into the ZnSb phase with a significantly more regular arrangement of ZnSb4 tetrahedra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Song
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Martin Roelsgaard
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anders B. Blichfeld
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jiawei Zhang
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Bo B. Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cicirello G, Swindle A, Wang J. Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermoelectric properties of ternary phosphide BaCu5P3. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
7
|
Haque E. First-principles predictions of low lattice thermal conductivity and high thermoelectric performance of AZnSb (A = Rb, Cs). RSC Adv 2021; 11:15486-15496. [PMID: 35424042 PMCID: PMC8698259 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01938d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, two compounds, AZnSb (A = Rb, Cs), have been predicted to be potential materials for thermoelectric device applications at high temperatures by using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), and Boltzmann transport theory. The layered structure, and presence of heavier elements Rb/Cs and Sb induce high anharmonicity (larger values of mode Grüneisen parameter), low Debye temperature, and intense phonon scattering. Thus, these compounds possess intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity (κl), ∼0.5 W m−1 K−1 on average at 900 K. Highly non-parabolic bands and relatively wide bandgap (∼1.37 and 1.1 eV for RbZnSb and CsZnSb, respectively, by mBJ potential including spin–orbit coupling effect) induce large Seebeck coefficient while highly dispersive and two-fold degenerate bands induce high electrical conductivity. Large power factor and low values of κl lead to a high average thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of RbZnSb and CsZnSb, reaching 1.22 and 1.1 and 0.87 and 1.14 at 900 K for p-and n-type carriers, respectively. The layered structure, and presence of heavier elements Rb/Cs and Sb induce high anharmonicity, low Debye temperature, intense phonon scattering, and hence, low lattice thermal conductivity.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Haque
- EH Solid State Physics Laboratory
- Mymensingh
- Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Owens-Baird B, Yox P, Lee S, Carroll XB, Grass Wang S, Chen YS, Lebedev OI, Kovnir K. Chemically driven superstructural ordering leading to giant unit cells in unconventional clathrates Cs 8Zn 18Sb 28 and Cs 8Cd 18Sb 28. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10255-10264. [PMID: 34094291 PMCID: PMC8162314 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03846f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The unconventional clathrates, Cs8Zn18Sb28 and Cs8Cd18Sb28, were synthesized and reinvestigated. These clathrates exhibit unique and extensive superstructural ordering of the clathrate-I structure that was not initially reported. Cs8Cd18Sb28 orders in the Ia3̄d space group (no. 230) with 8 times larger volume of the unit cell in which most framework atoms segregate into distinct Cd and Sb sites. The structure of Cs8Zn18Sb28 is much more complicated, with an 18-fold increase of unit cell volume accompanied by significant reduction of symmetry down to P2 (no. 3) monoclinic space group. This structure was revealed by a combination of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques. A full solid solution, Cs8Zn18−xCdxSb28, was also synthesized and characterized. These compounds follow Vegard's law in regard to their primitive unit cell sizes and melting points. Variable temperature in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction was used to study the formation and melting of Cs8Zn18Sb28. Due to the heavy elements comprising clathrate framework and the complex structural ordering, the synthesized clathrates exhibit ultralow thermal conductivities, all under 0.8 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature. Cs8Zn9Cd9Sb28 and Cs8Zn4.5Cd13.5Sb28 both have total thermal conductivities of 0.49 W m−1 K−1 at room temperature, among the lowest reported for any clathrate. Cs8Zn18Sb28 has typical p-type semiconducting charge transport properties, while the remaining clathrates show unusual n–p transitions or sharp increases of thermopower at low temperatures. Estimations of the bandgaps as activation energy for resistivity dependences show an anomalous widening and then shrinking of the bandgap with increasing Cd-content. Giant clathrate supercell driven by ordering of Zn/Sb bonding in the framework and Cs-guest vacancies is found in unconventional clathrate Cs8Zn18Sb28.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Owens-Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA .,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Philip Yox
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA .,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA.,Laboratorie CRISMAT, UMR 6508, CNRS-ENICAEN Caen 14050 France
| | - Shannon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA .,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Xian B Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Suyin Grass Wang
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Source, The University of Chicago Argonne USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Source, The University of Chicago Argonne USA
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratorie CRISMAT, UMR 6508, CNRS-ENICAEN Caen 14050 France
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA .,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Ames IA 50011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Owens‐Baird B, Wang L, Lee S, Kovnir K. Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure of Layered
AM
Sb Compounds (
A
= Rb, Cs;
M
= Zn, Cd). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Owens‐Baird
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 50011 Ames Iowa USA
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 50011 Ames Iowa USA
| | - Lin‐Lin Wang
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 50011 Ames Iowa USA
| | - Shannon Lee
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 50011 Ames Iowa USA
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 50011 Ames Iowa USA
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 50011 Ames Iowa USA
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 50011 Ames Iowa USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mark J, Wang J, Wu K, Lo JG, Lee S, Kovnir K. Ba 2Si 3P 6: 1D Nonlinear Optical Material with Thermal Barrier Chains. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11976-11983. [PMID: 31276390 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel barium silicon phosphide was synthesized and characterized. Ba2Si3P6 crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric space group Pna21 (No. 33) and exhibits a unique bonding connectivity in the Si-P polyanion not found in other compounds. The crystal structure is composed of SiP4 tetrahedra connected into one-dimensional double-tetrahedra chains through corner sharing, edge sharing, and covalent P-P bonds. Chains are surrounded by Ba cations to achieve an electron balance. The novel compound exhibits semiconducting properties with a calculated bandgap of 1.6 eV and experimental optical bandgap of 1.88 eV. The complex pseudo-one-dimensional structure manifests itself in the transport and optical properties of Ba2Si3P6, demonstrating ultralow thermal conductivity (0.56 W m-1 K-1 at 300 K), promising second harmonic generation signal (0.9 × AgGaS2), as well as high laser damage threshold (1.6 × AgGaS2, 48.5 MW/cm2) when compared to the benchmark material AgGaS2. Differential scanning calorimetry reveals that Ba2Si3P6 melts congruently at 1373 K, suggesting that large single crystal growth may be possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Mark
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Kui Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science , Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Baoding 0710002 , China
| | - Jeane Gladys Lo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Shannon Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States.,Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Recent progresses on thermoelectric Zintl phases: Structures, materials and optimization. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Mark J, Dolyniuk J, Tran N, Kovnir K. Crystal and Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of
AE
2
SiP
4
(
AE
= Sr, Eu, Ba) and Ba
4
Si
3
P
8. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Mark
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 50011 Ames Iowa USA
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 50011 Ames Iowa USA
| | - Juli‐Anna Dolyniuk
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis 95616 Davis CA USA
| | - Nhon Tran
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis 95616 Davis CA USA
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University 50011 Ames Iowa USA
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy 50011 Ames Iowa USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
High-Performance n-Type PbSe–Cu2Se Thermoelectrics through Conduction Band Engineering and Phonon Softening. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15535-15545. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Wang J, Lebedev OI, Lee K, Dolyniuk JA, Klavins P, Bux S, Kovnir K. High-efficiency thermoelectric Ba 8Cu 14Ge 6P 26: bridging the gap between tetrel-based and tetrel-free clathrates. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8030-8038. [PMID: 29568451 PMCID: PMC5853772 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergy between tetrel- and pnictide-based clathrates: synthesis, crystal structure, and transport properties of a Ba8Cu14Ge6P26.
A new type-I clathrate, Ba8Cu14Ge6P26, was synthesized by solid-state methods as a polycrystalline powder and grown as a cm-sized single crystal via the vertical Bridgman method. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction show that Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 crystallizes in the cubic space group Pm3n (no. 223). Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 is the first representative of anionic clathrates whose framework is composed of three atom types of very different chemical natures: a transition metal, tetrel element, and pnicogen. Uniform distribution of the Cu, Ge, and P atoms over the framework sites and the absence of any superstructural or local ordering in Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 were confirmed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction and high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and neutron and X-ray pair distribution function analyses. Characterization of the transport properties demonstrate that Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 is a p-type semiconductor with an intrinsically low thermal conductivity of 0.72 W m–1 K–1 at 812 K. The thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, for a slice of the Bridgman-grown crystal of Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 approaches 0.63 at 812 K due to a high power factor of 5.62 μW cm–1 K–2. The thermoelectric efficiency of Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 is on par with the best optimized p-type Ge-based clathrates and outperforms the majority of clathrates in the 700–850 K temperature region, including all tetrel-free clathrates. Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 expands clathrate chemistry by bridging conventional tetrel-based and tetrel-free clathrates. Advanced transport properties, in combination with earth-abundant framework elements and congruent melting make Ba8Cu14Ge6P26 a strong candidate as a novel and efficient thermoelectric material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , USA.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA .
| | - Oleg I Lebedev
- Laboratoire CRISMAT , ENSICAEN , CNRS , UMR 6508 , F-14050 Caen , France
| | - Kathleen Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA . .,Thermal Energy Conversion Research and Advancement Group , Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena , CA 91109 , USA
| | - Juli-Anna Dolyniuk
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA .
| | - Peter Klavins
- Department of Physics , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
| | - Sabah Bux
- Thermal Energy Conversion Research and Advancement Group , Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena , CA 91109 , USA
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , USA.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis , CA 95616 , USA . .,Ames Laboratory , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Lee K, Kovnir K. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of La 4Zn 7P 10 and La 4Mg 1.5Zn 8.5P 12. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:783-790. [PMID: 28004923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two new zinc phosphides, La4Zn7P10 and La4Mg1.5Zn8.5P12, were synthesized via transport reactions, and their crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. La4Zn7P10 and La4Mg1.5Zn8.5P12 are built from three-dimensional Zn-P and Zn-Mg-P anionic frameworks that encapsulate lanthanum atoms. The anionic framework of La4Zn7P10 is constructed from one-dimensional Zn4P6, Zn2P4, and ZnP4 chains. The Zn4P6 chains are also the main building units in La4Mg1.5Zn8.5P12. In La4Zn7P10, the displacement of a zinc atom from the origin of the unit cell causes the Zn4 position to split into two equivalent atomic sites, each with 50% occupancy. The splitting of the atomic position substantially modifies the electronic properties, as suggested by theoretical calculations. The necessity of splitting can be overcome by replacement of zinc with magnesium in La4Mg1.5Zn8.5P12. Investigation of the transport properties of a densified polycrystalline sample of La4Zn7P10 demonstrates that it is an n-type semiconductor with a small bandgap of ∼0.04 eV at 300 K. La4Zn7P10 also exhibits low thermal conductivity, 1.3 Wm-1 K-1 at 300 K, which mainly originates from the lattice thermal conductivity. La4Zn7P10 is stable in a sealed evacuated ampule up to 1123 K as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kathleen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang J, Mazzetti J, Kovnir K. Synthesis, crystal and electronic structures, and physical properties of a new quaternary phosphide Ba4Mg2+δCu12−δP10(0 < δ < 2). Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qi00475j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new quaternary phosphide composed of a Cu–Mg–P framework hosting Ba and Mg cations is synthesized and characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | | | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Borup MA, Blichfeld AB, Madsen SR, Iversen BB. High-pressure single crystal X-ray diffraction study of thermoelectric ZnSb and β-Zn 4Sb 3. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15097-15103. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of thermoelectric ZnSb and Zn4Sb3 have been studied by high pressure single crystal X-ray diffraction and the pressure behavior is different from thermal response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Andersen Borup
- Center for Materials Crystallography and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Anders Bank Blichfeld
- Center for Materials Crystallography and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Solveig Røgild Madsen
- Center for Materials Crystallography and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gong JJ, Hong AJ, Shuai J, Li L, Yan ZB, Ren ZF, Liu JM. Investigation of the bipolar effect in the thermoelectric material CaMg2Bi2 using a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16566-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An effective carrier concentration neff is proposed to evaluate the bipolar effect, and the results show good consistency with measured data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Gong
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - A. J. Hong
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - J. Shuai
- Department of Physics and TcSUH
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - L. Li
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Z. B. Yan
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Z. F. Ren
- Department of Physics and TcSUH
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - J.-M. Liu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| |
Collapse
|