1
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Wang Q, Wan S, Zhou J, Fu H, Chen X. Formation and Structure of Gas-Phase Lanthanide(III) Cyanobenzyne Complex (η 2-4-CNC 6H 3)LnCl 2-, Obtained via Both the Single- and Dual-Ligand Strategies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:767-774. [PMID: 38431873 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The lanthanide(III) cyanobenzyne complexes (η2-4-CNC6H3)LnCl2- (Ln = La-Lu except Eu; Pm was not examined) were generated in the gas phase using an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with collision-induced dissociation (CID) technique. For all lanthanides except Sm, Eu, and Yb, (4-CNC6H3)LnCl2- can be generated either via a single-ligand strategy through consecutive CO2 and HCl losses of (4-CNC6H4CO2)LnCl3- or via a dual-ligand strategy through successive CO2/C6H5CN or 4-CNC6H4CO2H and CO2 losses of (4-CNC6H4CO2)2LnCl2-. For Sm and Yb, although only reduction products LnCl3- were formed upon CID of (4-CNC6H4CO2)LnCl3-, (4-CNC6H3)LnCl2- were obtained via the dual-ligand strategy without the appearances of other products. CID of (4-CNC6H4CO2)EuCl3- and (4-CNC6H4CO2)2EuCl2- gave EuCl3- and the cyanophenyl complex (4-CNC6H4)EuCl2-, respectively, in both of which the +III oxidation state of Eu was reduced to +II. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that (4-CNC6H3)LnCl2- are formally described as Ln(III) cyanobenzyne complexes, (η2-4-CNC6H3)LnCl2-, with the dianionic cyanobenzyne ligand (4-CNC6H32-) coordinating to the Ln(III) centers through two Ln-C σ bonds, which is in accordance with their reactivities toward water. Benzyne and substituted benzyne complexes (XC6H3)LuCl2- (X = H, 3-CN, 4-F, 4-Cl, and 4-CH3) were also synthesized in the gas phase via the single- and dual-ligand strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Songpeng Wan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhao Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Haiying Fu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiuting Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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2
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Batchelor AG, Marks JH, Ward TB, Duncan MA. Pt +(C 2H 2) n Complexes Studied with Selected-Ion Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37369010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Platinum cation complexes with multiple acetylene molecules are studied with mass spectrometry and infrared laser spectroscopy. Complexes of the form Pt+(C2H2)n are produced in a molecular beam by laser vaporization, analyzed with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and selected by mass for studies of their vibrational spectroscopy. Photodissociation action spectra in the C-H stretching region are compared to the spectra predicted for different structural isomers using density functional theory. The comparison between experiment and theory demonstrates that platinum forms cation-π complexes with up to three acetylene molecules, producing an unanticipated asymmetric structure for the three-ligand complex. Additional acetylenes form solvation structures around this three-ligand core. Reacted structures that couple acetylene molecules (e.g., to form benzene) are found by theory to be energetically favorable, but their formation is inhibited under the conditions of these experiments by large activation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G Batchelor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Joshua H Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Timothy B Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michael A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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3
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Colley JE, Dynak NJ, Blais JRC, Duncan MA. Photodissociation Spectroscopy and Photofragment Imaging of the Fe +(Acetylene) Complex. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1244-1251. [PMID: 36701377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Tunable laser photodissociation spectroscopy in the 700-400 nm region and photofragment imaging experiments are employed to investigate the Fe+(acetylene) ion-molecule complex. At energies above a threshold at 679 nm, continuous dissociation is detected throughout the visible wavelength region, with regions of broad structure. Comparison to the spectrum predicted by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) indicates that the complex has a quartet ground state. The dissociation threshold for Fe+(acetylene) at 679 nm provides the dissociation energy on the quartet potential energy surface. Correction for the atomic quartet-sextet spin state energy difference provides an adiabatic dissociation energy of 36.8 ± 0.2 kcal/mol. Photofragment imaging of the Fe+ photoproduct produced at 603.5 nm produces significant kinetic energy release (KER). The photon energy and the maximum value of the KER provide an upper limit on the dissociation energy of D0 ≤ 34.6 ± 3.2 kcal/mol. The dissociation energies determined from the spectroscopy and photofragment imaging experiments agree nicely with the value determined previously by collision-induced dissociation (38.0 ± 2.6 kcal/mol). However, both values are significantly lower than those produced by computational chemistry at the DFT level using different functionals recommended for transition-metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Colley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Nathan J Dynak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - John R C Blais
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michael A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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4
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Xiong Z, Yang M, Chen X, Gong Y. Dual-Ligand Strategy for the Preparation of Gas-Phase Uranyl(VI) Benzyne Complexes from Uranyl(VI) Benzoates. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2266-2272. [PMID: 36689614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The uranyl(VI) benzyne complex (η2-C6H4)UO2Cl- was prepared in the gas phase by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled with collision-induced dissociation. It was formed via a dual-ligand strategy that requires the elimination of benzoic acid or benzene/CO2 from the uranyl dibenzoate precursor (C6H5CO2)2UO2Cl-. This contrasts the known strategy for the formation of gas-phase benzyne complexes that would result from CO2/HCl elimination from (C6H5CO2)UO2Cl2-, during which only one benzoate ligand is involved. Such dual-ligand strategy can be extended to the preparation of a series of methyl- and halo-substituted benzyne complexes of uranyl(VI). Density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP level reveal that the benzyne complex (η2-C6H4)UO2Cl- features a metallacyclopropene structure with the C6H42- ligand coordinated to uranium(VI) through two polarized U-Cbenzyne σ bonds, in accordance with the reactivity test toward water. Dehydrochlorination of the benzyne complex (η2-C6H4)UO2Cl- from (C6H5)UO2Cl2- that originates from decarboxylation of (C6H5CO2)UO2Cl2- with a single benzoate ligand is neither kinetically nor thermodynamically favorable than simple C6H5 radical loss to give UVO2Cl2-. This arises from the presence of an accessible V oxidation state for uranium and accounts for the necessity for the dual-ligand strategy in the preparation of uranyl(VI) benzyne complexes from uranyl benzoate precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xiong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201800, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Meixian Yang
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201800, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xiuting Chen
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201800, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201800, China
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5
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Brathwaite AD, Marks JH, Webster IJ, Batchelor AG, Ward TD, Duncan MA. Coordination and Spin States in Fe +(C 2H 2) n Complexes Studied with Selected-Ion Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9680-9690. [PMID: 36517042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fe+(acetylene)n ion-molecule complexes are produced in a supersonic molecular beam with pulsed laser vaporization. These ions are mass selected and studied with infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the C-H stretching region, complemented by computational chemistry calculations. All C-H stretch vibrations are shifted to frequencies lower than the vibrations of isolated acetylene because of the charge transfer that occurs between the metal ion and the molecules. Complexes in the size range of n = 1-4 are found to have structures with individual acetylene molecules bound to the core metal ion via cation-π interactions. The coordination is completed with four ligands in a structure close to a distorted tetrahedron. Larger complexes in the range of n = 5-8 have external acetylene molecules solvating this n = 4 core ion via CH-π bonding to inner-shell ligands. DFT computations predict that quartet spin states are more stable for all complex sizes, but infrared spectra for quartet and doublet spin states are quite similar, precluding definitive determination of the spin states. There is no evidence for any of these complexes having acetylenes coupled into reacted structures. This is consistent with computed thermochemistry, which finds significant activation barriers to such reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio D Brathwaite
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joshua H Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ian J Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Anna G Batchelor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Timothy D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michael A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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6
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Silva WR, Fitian M, Yang DS. Probing La and Ce Excited-State Reactivity with Resonant Two-Photon Ionization Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7613-7620. [PMID: 36223649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenation and C-C bond cleavage of 1-butyne by the excited states of La and Ce atoms are investigated in laser-ablation metal molecular beams. The excited states of the metal atoms are prepared by resonant excitation, detected by resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy, and the reaction products are monitored by photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The reactivities of La* [5d2(3F)6p (4G5/2°)] and Ce* [4f5d(3F°)6s6p(3P°) (5H5)] excited states are observed to be higher than those of the initial states of the corresponding metal atoms. The higher reactivities of the excited states are attributed to their higher energies and favorable electron configurations to form two covalent bonds of the metal-insertion intermediates. Although both excited La and Ce atoms show increased reactivities, the enhancement for Ce is much more pronounced than that of La, which cannot be explained by electron configurations alone. The larger reactivity enhancement from the initial states to the excited state of the Ce atom than that of La is due to the longer lifetime of the Ce excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ruchira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States
| | - Maria Fitian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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7
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Zhang Y, Nakamura T, Wu L, Wenjin Cao W, Schoendorff G, Gordon MS, Yang DS. Electronic states and transitions of PrO and PrO+ probed by threshold ionization spectroscopy and spin-orbit multiconfiguration perturbation theory. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:114304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0113741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise ionization energy of praseodymium oxide (PrO) seeded in supersonic molecular beams is measured with mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy. A total of 33 spin-orbit (SO) states of PrO and 23 SO states of PrO+ are predicted by second-order multiconfigurational quasi-degenerate perturbation (MCQDPT2) theory. Electronic transitions from four low-energy SO levels of the neutral molecule to the ground state of the singly charged cation are identified by combining the MATI spectroscopic measurements with the MCQDPT2 calculations. The precise ionization energy is used to reassess the ionization energies and the reaction enthalpies of the Pr + O → PrO+ + e- chemi-ionization reaction reported in the literature. An empirical formula that uses atomic electronic parameters is proposed to predict the ionization energies of lanthanide monooxides, and the empirical calculations match well with available precise experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Chemistry, University of Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Taiji Nakamura
- Gunma University Faculty of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Japan
| | - Lu Wu
- University of Kentucky, United States of America
| | | | - George Schoendorff
- Propellants Branch, Rocket Propulsion Division, Air Force Research Laboratory Aerospace Systems Directorate Edwards AFB, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, United States of America
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, United States of America
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8
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Wu H, Wu XN, Liu X, Ji C, Li W, Jiang L, Xie H, Zhou M. Iridium Dimer Anion-Mediated C≡C Triple Bond Cleavage and Successive Dehydrogenation of Acetylene in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1711-1717. [PMID: 35258303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the iridium dimer anion [Ir2]- with acetylene have been studied by mass spectrometry in the gas phase, which indicate that the [Ir2]- anion can consecutively react with C2H2 molecules to form the [Ir2C2x]- (x = 1, 2) and [Ir2C2yH2]- (y = 3-5) anions as major products with the successive release of H2 molecules at room temperature. The reactions are confirmed by the reactions of the mass-selected product [Ir2C2]- anion with C2H2 to produce [Ir2C4]- and [Ir2C2yH2]- (y = 3-5). Photoelectron spectra and quantum chemistry calculations confirm that the [Ir2C2x]- (x = 1, 2) product anions possess cyclic [Ir(μ-C)2Ir]- and [Ir(μ-C)(μ-C3)Ir]- structures, implying that the robust C≡C triple bond of acetylene can be completely cleaved by the [Ir2]- anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuegang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chonglei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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9
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Conway U, Warren AD, Gates PJ. A study of the application of graphite MALDI to the analysis of lanthanides and deconvolution of the isobaric species observed. Analyst 2021; 146:5988-5994. [PMID: 34499060 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00981h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry has always suffered from matrix interference at low-masses making it an unsuitable method for the analysis of low molecular weight analytes. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the use of graphite as a matrix. In this study, we demonstrate the application of colloidal graphite for the analysis of lanthanides in the positive ion mode. Positive ion mode is of academic interest as spectra are dominated by lanthanide cations, oxides, hydroxides and carbides with the metal having been reduced to oxidation state I, II or III. The ratios of the different ions are considered in terms of redox potentials of the lanthanides and rates of reaction with oxygen. Positive ion mode is shown to be useful as a rapid technique for confirming which metal(s) are present in a sample which can have an application in environmental monitoring, for example. Demonstration of a least squares approach to deconvolution is applied for the complete separation and relative quantification of the different isobaric species observed due to the complex isotope distributions of some lanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulric Conway
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Alexander D Warren
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK. .,Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Paul J Gates
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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10
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Marks JH, Ward TB, Brathwaite AD, Duncan MA. Infrared Spectroscopy of Zn(Acetylene)n+ Complexes: Ligand Activation and Nascent Polymerization. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4764-4776. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Timothy B. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | | | - Michael A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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11
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Yuan Q, Cao W, Wang XB. Cryogenic and temperature-dependent photoelectron spectroscopy of metal complexes. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1719699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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12
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Marks JH, Ward TB, Brathwaite AD, Ferguson S, Duncan MA. Cyclotrimerization of Acetylene in Gas Phase V+(C2H2)n Complexes: Detection of Intermediates and Products with Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6733-6743. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Timothy B. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | | | - Sojourna Ferguson
- College of Science and Mathematics, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands 00802
| | - Michael A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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13
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Ponikvar-Svet M, Zeiger DN, Liebman JF. Interplay of thermochemistry and Structural Chemistry: the journal (volume 29, 2018, issues 1–2) and the discipline. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Metz RB, Altinay G, Kostko O, Ahmed M. Probing Reactivity of Gold Atoms with Acetylene and Ethylene with VUV Photoionization Mass Spectrometry and Ab Initio Studies. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2194-2202. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B. Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gokhan Altinay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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15
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Cao W, Zhang Y, Yang DS. La-mediated dehydrogenation and C C bond cleavage of 1,4-pentadiene and 1-pentyne: Spectroscopy and formation of La(C5H6) and La(C3H4) radicals. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Cao W, Zhang Y, Nyambo S, Yang DS. Spectroscopy and formation of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by C—H and C—C bond activation of 1-pentene and 2-pentene. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:034303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Silver Nyambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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17
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Cao W, Hewage D, Yang DS. Spectroscopy and formation of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by association and carbon-carbon bond cleavage of isoprene. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:194302. [PMID: 30307187 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
La atom reaction with isoprene is carried out in a laser-vaporization molecular beam source. The reaction yields an adduct as the major product and C-C cleaved and dehydrogenated species as the minor ones. La(C5H8), La(C2H2), and La(C3H4) are characterized with mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy and quantum chemical computations. The MATI spectra of all three species exhibit a strong origin band and several weak vibronic bands corresponding to La-ligand stretch and ligand-based bend excitations. La(C5H8) is a five-membered metallacycle, whereas La(C2H2) and La(C3H4) are three-membered rings. All three metallacycles prefer a doublet ground state with a La 6s1-based valence electron configuration and a singlet ion. The five-membered metallacycle is formed through La addition and isoprene isomerization, whereas the two three-membered rings are produced by La addition and insertion, hydrogen migration, and carbon-carbon bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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18
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Falivene L, Kozlov SM, Cavallo L. Constructing Bridges between Computational Tools in Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Falivene
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergey M. Kozlov
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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19
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A theoretical study on La-activated bicyclo-oligomerization of acetylene to form naphthalene in gas phase using density functional theory (DFT). Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-1016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Cao W, Hewage D, Yang DS. Lanthanum-mediated dehydrogenation of butenes: Spectroscopy and formation of La(C4H6) isomers. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:044312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5017615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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21
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Silva WR, Cao W, Yang DS. Low-Energy Photoelectron Imaging Spectroscopy of La n(benzene) (n = 1 and 2). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8440-8447. [PMID: 29061045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lan(benzene) (n = 1 and 2) are formed in a pulsed laser-ablation molecular beam source and characterized by low-energy photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. The photoelectron spectrum of La2(benzene) displays a strong origin band, a short metal-ligand stretching progression, and a weak ring deformation band. Four isomers are considered for La2(benzene), and the preferred structure is an inverse sandwich with two La atoms residing on the opposite sides of the benzene ring. The ground electronic state of the inverse sandwich is 1A1g (D3d) with (5dxy,x2-y2 + π*)46s2 electron configuration. Ionization removes a La-based 6s electron and yields a 2A1g ion. The spectrum of La(benzene) is similar to the zero-electron kinetic energy spectrum reported previously by our group, although the spectral line width is somewhat broader. The measurement of the photoelectron angular distribution of La(benzene) confirms that the ejected electron has largely a p wave character. The metal-ligand bonding of La2(benzene) is considerably stronger than that of La(benzene) due to the threefold binding of each La atom in the dilanthanum species and the twofold binding in the monolanthanum complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ruchira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
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22
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23
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Cao W, Hewage D, Yang DS. Lanthanum-mediated dehydrogenation of 1- and 2-butynes: Spectroscopy and formation of La(C4H4) isomers. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:064303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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24
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Chen J, Luo Z, Fu H, Yao J. Photoreactions of Porphyrins Initiated by Deep Ultraviolet Single Photons. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4626-4632. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory
for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable species, and Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- State Key Laboratory
for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable species, and Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- State Key Laboratory
for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable species, and Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- State Key Laboratory
for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable species, and Key Laboratory
of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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25
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Hewage D, Cao W, Kumari S, Silva R, Li TH, Yang DS. Spectroscopy and formation of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by C—C bond cleavage and coupling of propene. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Sudesh Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Ruchira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Tao Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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26
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Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2016. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Acetylene cyclotrimerization catalyzed by PdCl2 and CuCl2 in the gas phase: A theoretical study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Kumari S, Cao W, Hewage D, Silva R, Yang DS. Mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by C—H bond activation of propene. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:074305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Ruchira Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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29
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Hewage D, Cao W, Kim JH, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang DS. Spectroscopic Characterization of Nonconcerted [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of 1,3-Butadiene with Lanthanacyclopropene To Form Lanthanum–Benzene in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1233-1239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Ya Wang
- MIIT
Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion
and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yang Liu
- MIIT
Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion
and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
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30
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Zhang Y, Schmidt MW, Kumari S, Gordon MS, Yang DS. Threshold Ionization and Spin–Orbit Coupling of Ceracyclopropene Formed by Ethylene Dehydrogenation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6963-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Michael W. Schmidt
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Sudesh Kumari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Mark S. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, United States
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
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31
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Kumari S, Cao W, Zhang Y, Roudjane M, Yang DS. Spectroscopic Characterization of Lanthanum-Mediated Dehydrogenation and C–C Bond Coupling of Ethylene. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4482-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Mourad Roudjane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
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