1
|
Krämer F. Aluminum in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405207. [PMID: 38826040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
This review article describes the development of the use of aluminum compounds in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) over the last 14 years. It also discusses the synthesis, reactivity and catalytic applications of intermolecular, intramolecular and so-called hidden FLPs with phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon Lewis bases. The intrinsically higher acidity of aluminum compounds compared to their boron analogs opens up different reaction pathways. The results are presented in a more or less chronological order. It is shown that Al FLPs react with a variety of polar and non-polar substrates and form both stable adducts and reversibly activate bonds. Consequently, some catalytic applications of the title compounds were presented such as dimerization of alkynes, hydrogenation of tert-butyl ethylene and imines, C-F bond activation, reduction of CO2, dehydrogenation of amine borane and transfer of ammonia. In addition, various Al FLPs were used as initiators in polymerization reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krämer
- C1 Green Chemicals AG, Am Studio 2a, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Milinkovic A, Dupé A, Belaj F, Mösch-Zanetti NC. Molybdenum(VI) Bis(imido) Complexes: From Frustrated Lewis Pairs to Weakly Coordinating Cations. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201867. [PMID: 35775999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum(VI) bis(imido) complexes [Mo(NtBu)2 (LR )2 ] (R=H 1 a; R=CF3 1 b) combined with B(C6 F5 )3 (1 a/B(C6 F5 )3 , 1 b/B(C6 F5 )3 ) exhibit a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) character that can heterolytically split H-H, Si-H and O-H bonds. Cleavage of H2 and Et3 SiH affords ion pairs [Mo(NtBu)(NHtBu)(LR )2 ][HB(C6 F5 )3 ] (R=H 2 a; R=CF3 2 b) composed of a Mo(VI) amido imido cation and a hydridoborate anion, while reaction with H2 O leads to [Mo(NtBu)(NHtBu)(LR )2 ][(HO)B(C6 F5 )3 ] (R=H 3 a; R=CF3 3 b). Ion pairs 2 a and 2 b are catalysts for the hydrosilylation of aldehydes with triethylsilane, with 2 b being more active than 2 a. Mechanistic elucidation revealed insertion of the aldehyde into the B-H bond of [HB(C6 F5 )3 ]- . We were able to isolate and fully characterize, including by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, the inserted products Mo(NtBu)(NHtBu)(LR )2 ][{PhCH2 O}B(C6 F5 )3 ] (R=H 4 a; R=CF3 4 b). Catalysis occurs at [HB(C6 F5 )3 ]- while [Mo(NtBu)(NHtBu)(LR )2 ]+ (R=H or CF3 ) act as the cationic counterions. However, the striking difference in reactivity gives ample evidence that molybdenum cations behave as weakly coordinating cations (WCC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Milinkovic
- Institute of Chemistry - Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz
| | - Antoine Dupé
- Institute of Chemistry - Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institute of Chemistry - Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz
| | - Nadia C Mösch-Zanetti
- Institute of Chemistry - Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Keller CL, Doppalapudi KR, Woodroffe JD, Harvey BG. Solvent-free dehydration, cyclization, and hydrogenation of linalool with a dual heterogeneous catalyst system to generate a high-performance sustainable aviation fuel. Commun Chem 2022; 5:113. [PMID: 36697844 PMCID: PMC9814387 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient catalytic methods for the synthesis of bio-based, full-performance jet fuels is critical for limiting the impacts of climate change while enabling a thriving modern society. To help address this need, here, linalool, a terpene alcohol that can be produced via fermentation of biomass sugars, was dehydrated, cyclized, and hydrogenated in a one-pot reaction under moderate reaction conditions. This sequence produced a biosynthetic fuel mixture primarily composed of 1-methyl-4-isopropylcyclohexane (p-menthane) and 2,6-dimethyloctane (DMO). The reaction was promoted by a catalyst composed of commercial Amberlyst-15, H+ form, and 10% Pd/C. Two other terpenoid substrates (1,8-cineole and 1,4-cineole) were subjected to the same conditions and excellent conversion to high purity p-menthane was observed. The fuel mixture derived from linalool exhibits a 1.7% higher gravimetric heat of combustion and 66% lower kinematic viscosity at -20 °C compared to the limits for conventional jet fuel. These properties suggest that isomerized hydrogenated linalool (IHL) can be blended with conventional jet fuel or synthetic paraffinic kerosenes to deliver high-performance sustainable aviation fuels for commercial and military applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Luke Keller
- grid.482248.00000 0004 0511 8606Research Department, Chemistry Division, US NAVY, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA
| | - Karan R. Doppalapudi
- grid.482248.00000 0004 0511 8606Research Department, Chemistry Division, US NAVY, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA
| | - Josanne-Dee Woodroffe
- grid.482248.00000 0004 0511 8606Research Department, Chemistry Division, US NAVY, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA
| | - Benjamin G. Harvey
- grid.482248.00000 0004 0511 8606Research Department, Chemistry Division, US NAVY, NAWCWD, China Lake, CA 93555 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carmona M, Pérez R, Ferrer J, Rodríguez R, Passarelli V, Lahoz FJ, García-Orduña P, Carmona D. Activation of H-H, HO-H, C(sp 2)-H, C(sp 3)-H, and RO-H Bonds by Transition-Metal Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on M/N (M = Rh, Ir) Couples. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13149-13164. [PMID: 35948430 PMCID: PMC9406284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Reaction of the dimers [(Cp*MCl)2(μ-Cl)2] (Cp* = η5-C5Me5)
with Ph2PCH2CH2NC(NH(p-Tolyl))2 (H2L) in the presence
of NaSbF6 affords the chlorido complexes [Cp*MCl(κ2N,P-H2L)][SbF6] (M = Rh, 1; Ir, 2).
Upon treatment with aqueous NaOH, solutions of 1 and 2 yield the corresponding complexes [Cp*M(κ3N,N′,P-HL)][SbF6] (M = Rh, 3; Ir, 4) in which the ligand HL presents a fac κ3N,N′,P coordination mode. Treatment of THF solutions
of complexes 3 and 4 with hydrogen gas,
at room temperature, results in the formation of the metal hydrido-complexes
[Cp*MH(κ2N,P-H2L)][SbF6] (M = Rh, 5;
Ir, 6) in which the N(p-Tolyl) group
has been protonated. Complexes 3 and 4 react
with deuterated water in a reversible fashion resulting in the gradual
deuteration of the Cp* group. Heating at 383 K THF/H2O
solutions of the complexes 3 and 4 affords
the orthometalated complexes [Cp*M(κ3C,N,P-H2L-H)][SbF6] [M = Rh, 7; Ir, 8, H2L-H = Ph2PCH2CH2NC(NH(p-Tolyl))(NH(4-C6H3Me))], respectively. At 333 K, complexes 3 and 4 react in THF with methanol, primary alcohols,
or 2-propanol giving the metal-hydrido complexes 5 and 6, respectively. The reaction involves the acceptorless dehydrogenation
of the alcohols at a relatively low temperature, without the assistance
of an external base. The new complexes have been characterized by
the usual analytical and spectroscopic methods including the X-ray
diffraction determination of the crystal structures of complexes 1–5, 7, and 8. Notably, the chlorido complexes 1 and 2 crystallize both as enantiopure conglomerates and as racemates.
Reaction mechanisms are proposed based on stoichiometric reactions,
nuclear magnetic resonance studies, and X-ray crystallography as well
as density functional theory calculations. In solution, masked transition-metal
frustrated Lewis pairs
(TMFLPs) give rise to the corresponding TMFLP species which activate
dihydrogen, water, and alcohols following FLP reaction pathways. When
D2O or alcohols with deuterated OH groups were employed,
H/D exchange at the Cp* ligand (involving C(sp3)−H
activation) was observed. C(sp2)−H bond activation
involving orthometalation of the p-Tolyl ring was
also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Carmona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Pérez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquina Ferrer
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Carmona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chatelain L, Breton JB, Arrigoni F, Schollhammer P, Zampella G. Geometrical influence on the non-biomimetic heterolytic splitting of H 2 by bio-inspired [FeFe]-hydrogenase complexes: a rare example of inverted frustrated Lewis pair based reactivity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4863-4873. [PMID: 35655865 PMCID: PMC9067592 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high levels of interest in the synthesis of bio-inspired [FeFe]-hydrogenase complexes, H2 oxidation, which is one specific aspect of hydrogenase enzymatic activity, is not observed for most reported complexes. To attempt H-H bond cleavage, two disubstituted diiron dithiolate complexes in the form of [Fe2(μ-pdt)L2(CO)4] (L: PMe3, dmpe) have been used to play the non-biomimetic role of a Lewis base, with frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) formed in the presence of B(C6F5)3 Lewis acid. These unprecedented FLPs, based on the bimetallic Lewis base partner, allow the heterolytic splitting of the H2 molecule, forming a protonated diiron cation and hydrido-borate anion. The substitution, symmetrical or asymmetrical, of two phosphine ligands at the diiron dithiolate core induces a strong difference in the H2 bond cleavage abilities, with the FLP based on the first complex being more efficient than the second. DFT investigations examined the different mechanistic pathways involving each accessible isomer and rationalized the experimental findings. One of the main DFT results highlights that the iron site acting as a Lewis base for the asymmetrical complex is the {Fe(CO)3} subunit, which is less electron-rich than the {FeL(CO)2} site of the symmetrical complex, diminishing the reactivity towards H2. Calculations relating to the different mechanistic pathways revealed the presence of a terminal hydride intermediate at the apical site of a rotated {Fe(CO)3} site, which is experimentally observed, and a semi-bridging hydride intermediate from H2 activation at the Fe-Fe site; these are responsible for a favourable back-reaction, reducing the conversion yield observed in the case of the asymmetrical complex. The use of two equivalents of Lewis acid allows for more complete and faster H2 bond cleavage due to the encapsulation of the hydrido-borate species by a second borane, favouring the reactivity of each FLP, in agreement with DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Chatelain
- UMR CNRS 6521 Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837 Brest-Cedex 3 29238 France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Breton
- UMR CNRS 6521 Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837 Brest-Cedex 3 29238 France
| | - Federica Arrigoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Philippe Schollhammer
- UMR CNRS 6521 Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UFR Sciences et Techniques 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837 Brest-Cedex 3 29238 France
| | - Giuseppe Zampella
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ye Q, Zhu J. Structure, bonding and adaptive aromaticity in rhenium-oxo complexes: a DFT study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The concept of adaptive aromaticity has been extended to a rhenium-oxo complex, introducing a new member into this novel family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bailey GA, Agapie T. Terminal Mo Carbide and Carbyne Reactivity: H2 Cleavage, B–C Bond Activation, and C–C Coupling. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A. Bailey
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ison EA, Tubb JL. Energy Decomposition Analysis of Lewis Acid/Base Adducts and Frustrated Lewis Pairs: The Use of EOrb/ ESteric Ratios as a Reaction Parameter. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13797-13805. [PMID: 34329555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nature of bonding in classical adducts and frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) of oxorhenium and nitridorhenium complexes with B(C6F5)3 was investigated computationally (B3PW91-D3). These studies have revealed that the primary noncovalent interaction (NCI) in the FLPs involves lone pair/π interactions between the terminal M≡X bond and the aromatic C6F5 ring in B(C6F5)3. Energy decomposition analyses on classical adducts and FLPs reveal that these species can be defined by the ratio (EOrb/ESteric) of covalent-to-noncovalent contributions to the total interaction energy, EInt. This type of analysis reveals that values for FLPs exist in a narrow range (1.2-2.5), with values for adducts significantly outside this range. The application of this method to other main-group combinations of Lewis acids and bases that have been shown to exhibit FLP reactivity yields similar results. These data suggest that similar NCIs are present in both transition-metal and main-group FLPs, especially where Lewis acids such as B(C6F5)3 are utilized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elon A Ison
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University (NCSU), 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Joshua L Tubb
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University (NCSU), 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Brown CA, Abrahamse M, Ison EA. Re-Silane complexes as frustrated lewis pairs for catalytic hydrosilylation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:11403-11411. [PMID: 32779676 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pathway for the catalytic hydrosilylation of carbonyl substrates with M(C6F5)3 (M = B, Al and Ga) was calculated by DFT (B3PW91-D3) and it was shown that in the case of the Al reagent, the carbonyl substrate binds irreversibly and inhibits catalysis by generating a stable carbonyl adduct. In contrast, the reduced electrophilicity of B(C6F5)3 disfavors the binding of the carbonyl substrate and increases the concentration of an activated silane adduct which is the species responsible for catalytic turnover. A similar mechanism was found for both cationic and neutral Re(iii) species. Further, it was shown by tuning the electrophilicity of the rhenium catalysts, conditions can be found that would enable the catalytic hydrosilylation of ketone and nitrile substrates that were unreactive in previously reported systems. Thus the mechanisms proposed in this work, lay the foundation for the design of new catalytic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Brown
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
| | - Michael Abrahamse
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
| | - Elon A Ison
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zwettler N, Dupé A, Klokić S, Milinković A, Rodić D, Walg S, Neshchadin D, Belaj F, Mösch‐Zanetti NC. Hydroalkylation of Aryl Alkenes with Organohalides Catalyzed by Molybdenum Oxido Based Lewis Pairs. Adv Synth Catal 2020; 362:3170-3182. [PMID: 32982624 PMCID: PMC7497237 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three molybdenum(VI) dioxido complexes [MoO2(L)2] bearing Schiff base ligands were reacted with B(C6F5)3 to afford the corresponding adducts [MoO{OB(C6F5)3}(L)2], which were fully characterized. They exhibit Frustrated Lewis-Pairs reactivity when reacting with silanes. Especially, the [MoO{OB(C6F5)3}(L)2] complex with L=2,4-dimethyl-6-((phenylimino)methyl)phenol proved to be active as catalyst for the hydroalkylation of aryl alkenes with organohalides and for the Atom-Transfer Radical Addition (ATRA) of organohalides to aliphatic alkenes. A series of gem-dichloride and gem-dibromide compounds with potential for further derivatization were synthesized from simple alkenes and organohalides, like chloroform or bromoform, using low catalyst loading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Zwettler
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Antoine Dupé
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Sumea Klokić
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Angela Milinković
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Dado Rodić
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Simon Walg
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 98010GrazAustria
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghosh D, Sinhababu S, Santarsiero BD, Mankad NP. A W/Cu Synthetic Model for the Mo/Cu Cofactor of Aerobic CODH Indicates That Biochemical CO Oxidation Requires a Frustrated Lewis Acid/Base Pair. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12635-12642. [PMID: 32598845 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Constructing synthetic models of the Mo/Cu active site of aerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) has been a long-standing synthetic challenge thought to be crucial for understanding how atmospheric concentrations of CO and CO2 are regulated in the global carbon cycle by chemolithoautotrophic bacteria and archaea. Here we report a W/Cu complex that is among the closest synthetic mimics constructed to date, enabled by a silyl protection/deprotection strategy that provided access to a kinetically stabilized complex with mixed O2-/S2- ligation between (bdt)(O)WVI and CuI(NHC) (bdt = benzene dithiolate, NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) sites. Differences between the inorganic core's structural and electronic features outside the protein environment relative to the native CODH cofactor point to a biochemical CO oxidation mechanism that requires a strained active site geometry, with Lewis acid/base frustration enforced by the protein secondary structure. This new mechanistic insight has the potential to inform synthetic design strategies for multimetallic energy storage catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibbendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Soumen Sinhababu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Bernard D Santarsiero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lohrey TD, Cortes EA, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Facile Activation of Triarylboranes by Rhenium(V) Oxo Imido Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7216-7226. [PMID: 32339452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and reactivity studies of a pair of rhenium(V) oxo imido complexes. Oxidation of the rhenium(III) terminal oxo ORe(η2-DHF)(BDI) (DHF = dihydrofulvalene, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate) with organic azides R-N3 (R = tBu, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) yields the title complexes. Computational studies confirm that the rhenium oxo moieties of these complexes are polarized and correspondingly nucleophilic, owing to the preferential π bonding of the imido ligand to the Re center. This asymmetry in the metal-ligand multiple bond electronic structure facilitates the ready activation of B-C bonds in triarylboranes (BPh3 and B(C6F5)3), yielding rhenium(V) aryl borinate complexes. In the case of BPh3, subsequent cyclometalation of the 1,2-addition products was found to take place upon heating, ejecting benzene to form bidentate diphenylborinate complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor D Lohrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emmanuel A Cortes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lambic NS, Sommer RD, Ison EA. Synthesis and reactivity of nitridorhenium complexes incorporating the mercaptoethylsulfide (SSS) ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6127-6134. [PMID: 32324183 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method for the preparation of nitridorhenium(v) complexes of the form (SSS)Re(N)(L) (where SSS = 2-mercaptoethylsulfide and L = PPh3 and t-BuNC) has been described. These complexes react with Lewis acids allowing for the isolation of adducts. The lack of a significant steric profile on the SSS ligand combined with enhanced nucleophilicity of the nitrido group does not allow for the effective formation of frustrated Lewis pairs with these complexes and as a result these species are poor catalysts for the hydrogenation of unactivated olefins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola S Lambic
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun X, Su W, Shi K, Xie Z, Zhu C. Triple Frustrated Lewis Pair-Type Reactivity on a Single Rare-Earth Metal Center. Chemistry 2020; 26:5354-5359. [PMID: 31950533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth metal cations have been used rarely as Lewis-acidic components in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). Herein, we report the first cerium/phosphorus system (2) employing a heptadentate N4 P3 ligand, which exhibits triple FLP-type reactivity towards a series of organic substrates, including isocyanates, isothiocyanates, diazomethane, and azides on a single rare-earth Lewis acidic Ce center. This result shows that the Ce center and three P atoms in 2 could simultaneously activate three equivalents of small molecules under mild conditions. This study broadens the diversity of FLPs and demonstrates that rare earth based FLP exhibit unique properties compared with other FLP systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Kaiying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Janes T, Diskin‐Posner Y, Milstein D. Synthesis and Reactivity of Cationic Boron Complexes Distorted by Pyridine‐based Pincer Ligands: Isolation of a Photochemical Hofmann–Martius‐type Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4932-4936. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Janes
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yael Diskin‐Posner
- Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Janes T, Diskin‐Posner Y, Milstein D. Synthesis and Reactivity of Cationic Boron Complexes Distorted by Pyridine‐based Pincer Ligands: Isolation of a Photochemical Hofmann–Martius‐type Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Janes
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yael Diskin‐Posner
- Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tinnermann H, Fraser C, Young RD. Zero valent iron complexes as base partners in frustrated Lewis pair chemistry. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15184-15189. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03551c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The prototypical iron(0) complex [Fe(CO)3(PMe3)2] (1) forms a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) with B(C6F5)3 (BCF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Fraser
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | - Rowan D. Young
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brown CA, Lilly CP, Lambic NS, Sommer RD, Ison EA. Synthesis and Reactivity of Re(III) and Re(V) Fischer Carbenes. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Cassandra P. Lilly
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Nikola S. Lambic
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roger D. Sommer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Elon A. Ison
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun X, Zhu Q, Xie Z, Su W, Zhu J, Zhu C. An Unprecedented Ga/P Frustrated Lewis Pair: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2019; 25:14295-14299. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), andDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry, and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), andDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry, and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dai Y, Feng X, Du H. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Highly Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Unfunctionalized Tetrasubstituted Olefins. Org Lett 2019; 21:6884-6887. [PMID: 31460767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free hydrogenation of unfunctionalized tetrasubstituted olefins were successfully realized using a combination of B(C6F5)3 and Ph2NMe catalyst. The corresponding products were afforded in 58-98% yields with up to >99:1 cis/trans selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zwettler N, Mösch-Zanetti NC. Interaction of Metal Oxido Compounds with B(C 6 F 5 ) 3. Chemistry 2019; 25:6064-6076. [PMID: 30707470 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acid-base pair chemistry has been placed on a new level with the discovery that adduct formation between an electron donor (Lewis base) and acceptor (Lewis acid) can be inhibited by the introduction of steric demand, thus preserving the reactivity of both Lewis centers, resulting in highly unusual chemistry. Some of these highly versatile frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) are capable of splitting a variety of small molecules, such as dihydrogen, in a heterolytic and even catalytic manner. This is in sharp contrast to classical reactions where the inert substrate must be activated by a metal-based catalyst. Very recently, research has emerged combining the two concepts, namely the formation of FLPs in which a metal compound represents the Lewis base, allowing for novel chemistry by using the heterolytic splitting power of both together with the redox reactivity of the metal. Such reactivity is not restricted to the metal center itself being a Lewis acid or base, also ancillary ligands can be used as part of the Lewis pair, still with the benefit of the redox-active metal center nearby. This Minireview is designed to highlight the novel reactions arising from the combination of metal oxido transition-metal or rare-earth-metal compounds with the Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 . It covers a wide area of chemistry including small molecule activation, hydrogenation and hydrosilylation catalysis, and olefin metathesis, substantiating the broad influence of the novel concept. Future goals of this young and exciting area are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Zwettler
- Institute of Chemistry/Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nadia C Mösch-Zanetti
- Institute of Chemistry/Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- Connor S. MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Kayla E. Glynn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Paul G. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Weetman
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zwettler N, Walg SP, Belaj F, Mösch‐Zanetti NC. Heterolytic Si-H Bond Cleavage at a Molybdenum-Oxido-Based Lewis Pair. Chemistry 2018; 24:7149-7160. [PMID: 29521459 PMCID: PMC6001527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a molybdenum(VI) oxido imido complex with the strong Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 gave access to the Lewis adduct [Mo{OB(C6 F5 )3 }(NtBu)L2 ] featuring reversible B-O bonding in solution. The resulting frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-like reactivity is reflected by the compound's ability to heterolytically cleave Si-H bonds, leading to a clean formation of the novel cationic MoVI species 3 a (R=Et) and 3 b (R=Ph) of the general formula [Mo(OSiR3 )(NtBu)L2 ][HB(C6 F5 )3 ]. These compounds possess properties highly unusual for molybdenum d0 species such as an intensive, charge-transfer-based color as well as a reversible redox couple at very low potentials, both dependent on the silane used. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of 2 and 4 b, a derivative of 3 b featuring the [FB(C6 F5 )3 ]- anion, picture the stepwise elongation of the Mo=O bond, leading to a large increase in the electrophilicity of the metal center. The reaction of 3 a and 3 b with benzaldehyde allowed for the regeneration of compound 2 by hydrosilylation of the benzaldehyde. NMR spectroscopy suggested an unusual mechanism for the transformation, involving a substrate insertion in the B-H bond of the borohydride anion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Zwettler
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Simon P. Walg
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Nadia C. Mösch‐Zanetti
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sunada Y, Ogushi H, Yamamoto T, Uto S, Sawano M, Tahara A, Tanaka H, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Nagashima H. Disilaruthena- and Ferracyclic Complexes Containing Isocyanide Ligands as Effective Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Unfunctionalized Sterically Hindered Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4119-4134. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Karunananda MK, Mankad NP. Cooperative Strategies for Catalytic Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malkanthi K. Karunananda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Neal P. Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The revelation that combinations of Lewis acids and bases for which dative bonding is impeded can activate dihydrogen led to the concept of "frustrated Lewis pairs" (FLPs). Over the past decade, a range of FLP systems and substrate molecules have precipitated a paradigm change in main-group chemistry and metal-free catalysis. The FLP motif has also found application in a growing body of chemical problems in organic synthesis, transition metal and free radical chemistry, materials, enzymatic models, and surface chemistry. The current state of FLP chemistry is assessed herein, and the outlook for the future considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lambic NS, Brown CA, Sommer RD, Ison EA. Dramatic Increase in the Rate of Olefin Insertion by Coordination of Lewis Acids to the Oxo Ligand in Oxorhenium(V) Hydrides. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola S. Lambic
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Caleb A. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roger D. Sommer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Elon A. Ison
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao X, Wang J, Yang M, Lei N, Li L, Hou B, Miao S, Pan X, Wang A, Zhang T. Selective Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1,3-Propanediol: Manipulating the Frustrated Lewis Pairs by Introducing Gold to Pt/WO x. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:819-824. [PMID: 27863052 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A highly dispersed Au and Pt catalyst supported on WOx was developed for high performance in the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) under very mild reaction conditions (81.4 % glycerol conversion, 51.6 % 1,3-PD selectivity at 413 K, 1 MPa H2 ). The highly dispersed Au decreased the original surface Lewis-acid sites on Pt/WOx but greatly increased its in situ generated Brønsted-acid sites with the assistance of H2 through the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs. These in situ formed and spatially separated pairs of H+ and H- function as the active sites in glycerol conversion to 1,3-PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Man Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Nian Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Baolin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Shu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lambic NS, Sommer RD, Ison EA. Tuning Catalytic Activity in the Hydrogenation of Unactivated Olefins with Transition-Metal Oxos as the Lewis Base Component of Frustrated Lewis Pairs. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola S. Lambic
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roger D. Sommer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Elon A. Ison
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Scott DJ, Phillips NA, Sapsford JS, Deacy AC, Fuchter MJ, Ashley AE. Versatile Catalytic Hydrogenation Using A Simple Tin(IV) Lewis Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14738-14742. [PMID: 27774711 PMCID: PMC5129554 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry over the last ten years, its application in catalytic hydrogenations remains dependent on a narrow family of structurally similar early main-group Lewis acids (LAs), inevitably placing limitations on reactivity, sensitivity and substrate scope. Herein we describe the FLP-mediated H2 activation and catalytic hydrogenation activity of the alternative LA iPr3 SnOTf, which acts as a surrogate for the trialkylstannylium ion iPr3 Sn+ , and is rapidly and easily prepared from simple, inexpensive starting materials. This highly thermally robust LA is found to be competent in the hydrogenation of a number of different unsaturated functional groups (which is unique to date for main-group FLP LAs not based on boron), and also displays a remarkable tolerance to moisture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Scott
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | | | - Arron C. Deacy
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Scott DJ, Phillips NA, Sapsford JS, Deacy AC, Fuchter MJ, Ashley AE. Versatile Catalytic Hydrogenation Using A Simple Tin(IV) Lewis Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Scott
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | | | - Arron C. Deacy
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Andrew E. Ashley
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lambic NS, Lilly CP, Robbins LK, Sommer RD, Ison EA. Reductive Carbonylation of Oxorhenium Hydrides Induced by Lewis Acids. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola S. Lambic
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620
Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Cassandra P. Lilly
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620
Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Leanna K. Robbins
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620
Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roger D. Sommer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620
Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Elon A. Ison
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620
Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| |
Collapse
|