1
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Zhai Y, Zhong Z, Kuang N, Li Q, Xu T, He J, Li H, Yin X, Jia Y, He Q, Wu S, Yang QH. Both Resilience and Adhesivity Define Solid Electrolyte Interphases for a High Performance Anode. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15209-15218. [PMID: 38775661 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) are sought to protect high-capacity anodes, which suffer from severe volume changes and fast degradations. The previously proposed effective SEIs were of high strength yet abhesive, inducing a yolk-shell structure to decouple the rigid SEI from the anode for accommodating the volume change. Ambivalently, the interfacial void-evolved electro-chemo-mechanical vulnerabilities become inherent defects. Here, we establish a new rationale for SEIs that resilience and adhesivity are both requirements and pioneer a design of a resilient yet adhesive SEI (re-ad-SEI), integrated into a conjugated surface bilayer structure. The re-ad-SEI and its protected particles exhibit excellent stability almost free from the thickening of SEI and the particle pulverization during cycling. More promisingly, the dynamically bonded intact SEI-anode interfaces enable a high-efficiency ion transport and provide a unique mechanical confinement effect for structural integrity of anodes. The high Coulombic efficiency (>99.8%), excellent cycling stability (500 cycles), and superior rate performance have been demonstrated in microsized Si-based anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhai
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zitong Zhong
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Nannan Kuang
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Tianze Xu
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Zettawatt Energy (Changzhou) Technology Co., Ltd, Liyang 213314, China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Zettawatt Energy (Changzhou) Technology Co., Ltd, Liyang 213314, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xunjie Yin
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yiran Jia
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qing He
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shichao Wu
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Quan-Hong Yang
- Nanoyang Group, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Industry-Education Integration Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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2
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Sun C, Li R, Weng S, Zhu C, Chen L, Jiang S, Li L, Xiao X, Liu C, Chen L, Deng T, Wang X, Fan X. Reduction-Tolerance Electrolyte Design for High-Energy Lithium Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400761. [PMID: 38497902 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lithium batteries employing Li or silicon (Si) anodes hold promise for the next-generation energy storage systems. However, their cycling behavior encounters rapid capacity degradation due to the vulnerability of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs). Though anion-derived SEIs mitigate this degradation, the unavoidable reduction of solvents introduces heterogeneity to SEIs, leading to fractures during cycling. Here, we elucidate how the reductive stability of solvents, dominated by the electrophilicity (EPT) and coordination ability (CDA), delineates the SEI formed on Li or Si anodes. Solvents exhibiting lower EPT and CDA demonstrate enhanced tolerance to reduction, resulting in inorganic-rich SEIs with homogeneity. Guided by these criteria, we synthesized three promising solvents tailored for Li or Si anodes. The decomposition of these solvents is dictated by their EPTs under similar solvation structures, imparting distinct characteristics to SEIs and impacting battery performance. The optimized electrolyte, 1 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in N-Pyrrolidine-trifluoromethanesulfonamide (TFSPY), achieves 600 cycles of Si anodes with a capacity retention of 81 % (1910 mAh g-1). In anode-free Cu||LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) pouch cells, this electrolyte sustains over 100 cycles with an 82 % capacity retention. These findings illustrate that reducing solvent decomposition benefits SEI formation, offering valuable insights for the designing electrolytes in high-energy lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangchao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ruhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Suting Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunnan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xuezhang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Chengwu Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Tao Deng
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiulin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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3
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Chang Z, Ma C, Wang R, Wang B, Yang M, Li B, Zhang T, Li Z, Zhao P, Qi X, Wang J. Design and Mechanism Study of High-Safety and Long-Life Electrolyte for High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18980-18990. [PMID: 38577916 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Although nonflammable electrolytes are beneficial for battery safety, they often adversely affect the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries due to their poor compatibility with electrodes. Herein, we design a nonflammable electrolyte consisting of cyclic carbonate and 2,2-difluoroethyl acetate (DFEA) solvents paired with several surface-film-forming additives, significantly improving the safety and cycling performance of NMC811||SiOx/graphite pouch cells. The DFEA solvent exhibits not only good flame retardancy but also lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy, promoting the formation of a robust inorganic-rich and gradient-architecture hybrid interface between the SiOx/graphite anode and electrolyte. The double insurance of good flame retardancy of the DFEA solvent and decreased exothermic effects of both bulk electrolyte and DFEA-derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) can ensure the high safety of the pouch cell. Moreover, the highly robust SEI can prevent the excessive reduction decomposition of the electrolyte and alleviate the structural decay of the anode, which can restrain the formation of lithium deposition on the anode surface and further suppress the structural decay of NMC materials. This contributes to the unprecedented cycling performance of the NMC811||SiOx/graphite pouch cells with a capacity retention of 80% after 1000 cycles at a 0.33C rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghua Chang
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Ma
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Rennian Wang
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Man Yang
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Tianhang Zhang
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhai Li
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Peizhu Zhao
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., No. 11 Xingke Dong Street, Huairou District, Beijing 101407, P. R. China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
- National Power Battery Innovation Center, GRINM Group Corporation Limited (GRINM Group), No. 2 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
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4
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Lee BG, Lee SH, Do V, Lee JW, Choi SH, Kim W, Cho WI. Co-synthesis and Electrochemical Investigation of the Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Layer with Metallic Nano Beads on the SiO x Anode for Lithium Secondary Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10042-10051. [PMID: 38353020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The high theoretical capacity (∼2000 mAh g-1) of silicon suboxide (SiOx, with 1 < x < 2) can solve the energy density issue of the graphite anode in Li-ion batteries. In addition, it has an advantage in terms of volume expansion or side reactions compared to pure Si or Li metals, which are considered as next-generation anode materials. However, the loading content of SiOx is limited in commercial anodes because of its low cycle stability and initial coulombic efficiency. In this study, a nitrogen-doped carbon layer with Cu beads (N-C/Cu) derived from copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) is applied to a SiOx electrode to improve its electrochemical performance. The SiOx electrode is simultaneously coated with a Cu- and N-doped carbon layer using CuPc. N-C/Cu synergistically enhances the electric conductivity of the electrode, thus improving its electrochemical performance. The SiOx/N-C/Cu composite has better cyclability and higher capacity (1095.5 mAh g-1) than the uncoated electrode, even after 200 cycles in the 0.5 C condition. In full-cell cycling with NCM811 cathodes, the SiOx (60 wt % of SiOx, with a n/p ratio of 1.1) and graphite-mixed (7.8 wt % of SiOx, with a n/p ratio of 1.1) anodes also show improved electrochemical performances in the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Gwon Lee
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Vandung Do
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Posco Silicon Solution, Nojanggongdan-gil, Jeondong-myeon, Sejong 30011, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Choi
- Posco Silicon Solution, Nojanggongdan-gil, Jeondong-myeon, Sejong 30011, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Il Cho
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhu Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Yin J, Sun Z, Zeng G, Wu X, Chen L, Yu X, Luo H, Yan Y, Zhang H, Zhang B, Kuai X, Tang Y, Xu J, Yin W, Qiu Y, Zhang Q, Qiao Y, Sun SG. Lattice Engineering on Li 2 CO 3 -Based Sacrificial Cathode Prelithiation Agent for Improving the Energy Density of Li-Ion Battery Full-Cell. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2312159. [PMID: 38117030 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Developing sacrificial cathode prelithiation technology to compensate for active lithium loss is vital for improving the energy density of lithium-ion battery full-cells. Li2 CO3 owns high theoretical specific capacity, superior air stability, but poor conductivity as an insulator, acting as a promising but challenging prelithiation agent candidate. Herein, extracting a trace amount of Co from LiCoO2 (LCO), a lattice engineering is developed through substituting Li sites with Co and inducing Li defects to obtain a composite structure consisting of (Li0.906 Co0.043 ▫0.051 )2 CO2.934 and ball milled LiCoO2 (Co-Li2 CO3 @LCO). Notably, both the bandgap and Li─O bond strength have essentially declined in this structure. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Li defects and bulk phase catalytic regulation of Co, the potential of Li2 CO3 deep decomposition significantly decreases from typical >4.7 to ≈4.25 V versus Li/Li+ , presenting >600 mAh g-1 compensation capacity. Impressively, coupling 5 wt% Co-Li2 CO3 @LCO within NCM-811 cathode, 235 Wh kg-1 pouch-type full-cell is achieved, performing 88% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yilong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianken Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhefei Sun
- Country State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Leiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Haiyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yawen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Haitang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Baodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yonglin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Juping Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Yongfu Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Qiaobao Zhang
- Country State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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6
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Zhao Z, Ye W, Zhang F, Pan Y, Zhuo Z, Zou F, Xu X, Sang X, Song W, Zhao Y, Li H, Wang K, Lin C, Hu H, Li Q, Yang W, Li Q. Revealing the effect of LiOH on forming a SEI using a Co magnetic "probe". Chem Sci 2023; 14:12219-12230. [PMID: 37969610 PMCID: PMC10631223 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04377k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) plays a critical role in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its important influence on electrochemical performance, such as cycle stability, coulombic efficiency, etc. Although LiOH has been recognized as a key component of the SEI, its influence on the SEI and electrochemical performance has not been well clarified due to the difficulty in precisely controlling the LiOH content and characterize the detailed interface reactions. Here, a gradual change of LiOH content is realized by different reduction schemes among Co(OH)2, CoOOH and CoO. With reduced Co nanoparticles as magnetic "probes", SEI characterization is achieved by operando magnetometry. By combining comprehensive characterization and theoretical calculations, it is verified that LiOH leads to a composition transformation from lithium ethylene di-carbonate (LEDC) to lithium ethylene mono-carbonate (LEMC) in the SEI and ultimately results in capacity decay. This work unfolds the detailed SEI reaction scenario involving LiOH, provides new insights into the influence of SEI composition, and has value for the co-development between the electrode materials and electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhao
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Wanneng Ye
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Zengqing Zhuo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Feihu Zou
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Xixiang Xu
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Xiancheng Sang
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Song
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Hongsen Li
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Kuikui Wang
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Chunfu Lin
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Han Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 P. R. China
| | - Qinghao Li
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, Weihai Innovation Research Institute, Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 P. R. China
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7
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Sanders KJ, Ciezki AA, Berno A, Halalay IC, Goward GR. Quantitative Operando 7Li NMR Investigations of Silicon Anode Evolution during Fast Charging and Extended Cycling. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21502-21513. [PMID: 37733021 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The development and optimization of fast battery charging protocols require detailed information regarding lithium speciation inside a battery. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has the unique capability of identifying the Li phases formed in an anode during Li-ion cell operation and quantifying their relative amounts. In addition, both Li metal films and dendrites are readily detected and quantified. Here, our recently reported parallel-plate resonator radio frequency (RF) probe and the cartridge-type single-layer full cell were used to track the behavior of Si electrodes during cycling and during fast charging. The LixSi compounds formed during electrochemical cycling exhibit an unexpected intrinsic nonequilibrium behavior at both slow and fast rates, evolving toward increasingly disordered local environments. The evolution with time of lithiated phases is nonlinear during both charging and discharging at constant current, unlike the case for pure graphite, and asymmetric between charge and discharge. During charging at rates of 1C, 2C, and 3C, metallic Li in both films and (to a lesser extent) dendritic forms are deposited on the Si anode. Part of the Li metal film formation is reversible, but a fraction remains on the electrode surface as dead Li, while all of the dendritic Li, even though formed in a considerably smaller amount, is entirely irreversible. Such performance-governing properties are critical to the development of fast-charging protocols for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and are exceptionally well evaluated and quantified by 7Li magnetic resonance strategies such as those presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Amanda A Ciezki
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Alexander Berno
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Ion C Halalay
- General Motors Research and Development, Warren, Michigan 48092, United States
| | - Gillian R Goward
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
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8
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Qian G, Li Y, Chen H, Xie L, Liu T, Yang N, Song Y, Lin C, Cheng J, Nakashima N, Zhang M, Li Z, Zhao W, Yang X, Lin H, Lu X, Yang L, Li H, Amine K, Chen L, Pan F. Revealing the aging process of solid electrolyte interphase on SiO x anode. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6048. [PMID: 37770484 PMCID: PMC10539371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most promising alternatives to graphite negative electrodes, silicon oxide (SiOx) has been hindered by its fast capacity fading. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) aging on silicon SiOx has been recognized as the most critical yet least understood facet. Herein, leveraging 3D focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomographic imaging, we reveal an exceptionally characteristic SEI microstructure with an incompact inner region and a dense outer region, which overturns the prevailing belief that SEIs are homogeneous structure and reveals the SEI evolution process. Through combining nanoprobe and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), it is also discovered that the electronic conductivity of thick SEI relies on the percolation network within composed of conductive agents (e.g., carbon black particles), which are embedded into the SEI upon its growth. Therefore, the free growth of SEI will gradually attenuate this electron percolation network, thereby causing capacity decay of SiOx. Based on these findings, a proof-of-concept strategy is adopted to mechanically restrict the SEI growth via applying a confining layer on top of the electrode. Through shedding light on the fundamental understanding of SEI aging for SiOx anodes, this work could potentially inspire viable improving strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Qian
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haibiao Chen
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tongchao Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Ni Yang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongli Song
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Lin
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R, China
| | - Junfang Cheng
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Naotoshi Nakashima
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Meng Zhang
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zikun Li
- BTR New Material Group Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenguang Zhao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangjie Yang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Lu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luyi Yang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Liquan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
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9
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Bal B, Ozdogru B, Nguyen DT, Li Z, Murugesan V, Çapraz ÖÖ. Probing the Formation of Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Iron Phosphate Cathodes via Operando Mechanical Measurements. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42449-42459. [PMID: 37659069 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial instabilities in electrodes control the performance and lifetime of Li-ion batteries. While the formation of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on anodes has received much attention, there is still a lack of understanding the formation of the cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the cathodes. To fill this gap, we report on dynamic deformations on LiFePO4 cathodes during charge/discharge by utilizing operando digital image correlation, impedance spectroscopy, and cryo X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. LiFePO4 cathodes were cycled in either LiPF6, LiClO4, or LiTFSI-containing organic liquid electrolytes. Beyond the first cycle, Li-ion intercalation results in a nearly linear correlation between electrochemical strains and the state of (dis)-charge, regardless of the electrolyte chemistry. However, during the first charge in the LiPF6-containing electrolyte, there is a distinct irreversible positive strain evolution at the onset of anodic current rise as well as current decay at around 4.0 V. Impedance studies show an increase in surface resistance in the same potential window, suggesting the formation of CEI layers on the cathode. The chemistry of the CEI layer was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. LiF is detected in the CEI layer starting as early as 3.4 V and LixPOyFz appeared at voltages higher than 4.0 V during the first charge. Our approach offers insights into the formation mechanism of CEI layers on the cathode electrodes, which is crucial for the development of robust cathodes and electrolyte chemistries for higher-performance batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batuhan Bal
- The School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Bertan Ozdogru
- The School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
- Center for Energy Conversion & Storage Systems, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dan Thien Nguyen
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ömer Özgür Çapraz
- The School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
- Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Maryland - Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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10
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Shi J, Su CC, Amine R, Wu X, Lamp P, Maglia F, Jung R, Amine K. Prelithiation of Lithium Peroxide for Silicon Anode: Achieving a High Activation Rate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37229576 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of lithium peroxide (Li2O2) as a cost-effective low-weight prelithiation cathode additive was successfully demonstrated. Through a series of studies on the chemical stability of Li2O2 and the activation process of Li2O2 on the cathode, we revealed that Li2O2 is more compatible with conventional electrolyte and cathode laminate slurry than lithium oxide. Due to the significantly smaller size of commercial Li2O2, it can be used directly as a cathode additive. Moreover, the activation of Li2O2 on the cathode leads to the impedance growth of the cathode possibly resulting from the release of dioxygen and evacuation of Li2O2 inside the cathode. With the introduction of a new Li2O2 spread-coating technique on the cathode, the capacity loss was suppressed. Si||NMC full cells using Li2O2 spread-coated cathode demonstrated a highly promising activation rate of Li2O2 and significantly enhanced specific capacity and cycling stability compared to the uncoated full cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Shi
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chi-Cheung Su
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Rachid Amine
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xianyang Wu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | | | | | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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11
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Facile construction of the stable layer on the surface of Si/C electrode assisted by SWCNT coating. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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12
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Araño KG, Armstrong BL, Boeding E, Yang G, Meyer HM, Wang E, Korkosz R, Browning KL, Malkowski T, Key B, Veith GM. Functionalized Silicon Particles for Enhanced Half- and Full-Cell Cycling of Si-Based Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10554-10569. [PMID: 36791306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vinylene carbonate (VC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) have been investigated as functional agents that mimic the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) chemistry of silicon (Si). VC and PEO are known to contribute to the stability of Si-based lithium-ion batteries as an electrolyte additive and as a SEI component, respectively. In this work, covalent surface functionalization was achieved via a facile route, which involves ball-milling the Si particles with sacrificial VC and PEO. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy indicate that the additives are strongly bound to Si. In particular, MAS NMR shows Si-R or Si-O-R groups, which confirm functionalization of the Si after milling in VC or PEO. Particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering reveals that the additives facilitate particle size reduction and that the functionalized particles result in more stable dispersions based on zeta potential measurements. Raman mapping of the electrodes fabricated from the VC and PEO-coated active material with a polyacrylic acid (PAA) binder reveals a more homogenous distribution of Si and the carbon conductive additive compared to the electrodes prepared from the neat Si. Furthermore, the VC-milled Si strikingly exhibited the highest capacity in both half- and full-cell configurations, with more than 200 mAh g-1 measured capacity compared to the neat Si in the half-cell format. This is linked to an improved electrode processing based on the Raman and zeta potential measurements as well as a thinner SEI (with more organic components for the functionalized Si relative to the neat Si) based on XPS analysis of the cycled electrodes. The effect of binder was also investigated by comparing PAA with P84 (polyimide type), where an increased capacity is observed in the latter case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khryslyn G Araño
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Beth L Armstrong
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ethan Boeding
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Harry M Meyer
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Evelyna Wang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Rachel Korkosz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Katie L Browning
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Thomas Malkowski
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Baris Key
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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13
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Quantitative analysis of the structural evolution in Si anode via multi-scale image reconstruction. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023:S2095-9273(23)00048-8. [PMID: 36725396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high theoretical capacity, silicon (Si) anode suffers from dramatical capacity loss, due to its massive volume swings (up to 300%) during cycling. Hence, thorough understanding of the structural evolution mechanism is necessary and essential for performance optimization of Si anode. Herein, a multi-scale three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction technique is firstly applied to visualize the structural evolution process of Si anodes. Three key components (Si particles, inactive components, and voids) in the electrode are quantitatively analyzed by the focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) technology. Furthermore, the average sizes of Si particles were run statistics during the cycling. By combining the componential observation within the electrode (macroscopic information) and the 3D models of the particle with solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer (microscopic information), the failure mechanism of Si anode is vividly demonstrated. This work establishes a new methodology to quantitatively analyze the structural and compositional evolution of Si anode, which could be further applied for the studies of many other electrode materials with similar issues.
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14
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Dopilka A, Gu Y, Larson JM, Zorba V, Kostecki R. Nano-FTIR Spectroscopy of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer on a Thin-Film Silicon Li-Ion Anode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6755-6767. [PMID: 36696964 PMCID: PMC9923681 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Si anodes for Li-ion batteries are notorious for their large volume expansion during lithiation and the corresponding detrimental effects on cycle life. However, calendar life is the primary roadblock for widespread adoption. During calendar life aging, the main origin of impedance increase and capacity fade is attributed to the instability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). In this work, we use ex situ nano-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize the structure and composition of the SEI layer on amorphous Si thin films after an accelerated calendar aging protocol. The characterization of the SEI on non-washed and washed electrodes shows that brief washing in dimethyl carbonate results in large changes to the film chemistry and topography. Detailed examination of the non-washed electrodes during the first lithiation and after an accelerated calendar aging protocol reveals that PF6- and its decomposition products tend to accumulate in the SEI due to the preferential transport of PF6- ions through polyethylene oxide-like species in the organic part of the SEI layer. This work demonstrates the importance of evaluating the SEI layer in its intrinsic, undisturbed form and new strategies to improve the passivation of the SEI layer are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dopilka
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yueran Gu
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Larson
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vassilia Zorba
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert Kostecki
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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15
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Huang Z, Xue W, Cui X, Ma J, Li Q, Lian H, Li J, Cui X, Yu X, Li Y. Significant differences in the electrochemical activity of black phosphorus anodes prepared under different atmospheres. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1349-1352. [PMID: 36648255 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of atmosphere and temperature on the electrochemical reversibility of black phosphorus (BP) anodes were investigated. BP anodes prepared in ambient air exhibited much-enhanced electrochemical activity due to the newly formed Cu3P phase. This work highlights the importance of maintaining intragranular electronic conduction for developing advanced BP-based anodes with high reversible capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Huang
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Weiran Xue
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xuemei Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Huiqin Lian
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Jiangang Li
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Xiuguo Cui
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yan Li
- College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
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16
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Solid-state NMR studies of coatings and interfaces in batteries. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Araño K, Gautier N, Kerr R, Lestriez B, Le Bideau J, Howlett PC, Guyomard D, Forsyth M, Dupré N. Understanding the Capacity Decay of Si/NMC622 Li-Ion Batteries Cycled in Superconcentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes: A New Perspective. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52715-52728. [PMID: 36394288 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-containing Li-ion batteries have been the focus of many energy storage research efforts because of the promise of high energy density. Depending on the system, silicon generally demonstrates stable performance in half-cells, which is often attributed to the unlimited lithium supply from the lithium (Li) metal counter electrode. Here, the electrochemical performance of silicon with a high voltage NMC622 cathode was investigated in superconcentrated phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes. As a matter of fact, there is very limited work and understanding of the full cell cycling of silicon in such a new class of electrolytes. The electrochemical behavior of silicon in the various IL electrolytes shows a gradual and steeper capacity decay, compared to what we previously reported in half-cells. This behavior is linked to a different evolution of the silicon morphology upon cycling, and the characterization of cycled electrodes points toward mechanical reasons, complete disconnection of part of the electrode, or internal mechanical stress, due to silicon and Li metal volume variation upon cycling, to explain the progressive capacity fading in full cell configuration. An extremely stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in the full Li-ion cells can be seen from a combination of qualitative and quantitative information from transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Our findings provide a new perspective to full cell interpretation regarding capacity fading, which is oftentimes linked almost exclusively to the loss of Li inventory but also more broadly, and provide new insights into the impact of the evolution of silicon morphology on the electrochemical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khryslyn Araño
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
- French Environment and Energy Management Agency, 20, Avenue du Grésillé-BP 90406, Angers Cedex 01 49004, France
| | - Nicolas Gautier
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Robert Kerr
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Bernard Lestriez
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Patrick C Howlett
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Dominique Guyomard
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44000, France
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18
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Guo Y, Ke FS. Combination of 3D conductive network and all-fluorinated electrolyte for high-performance microsized silicon anode. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Revealing solid electrolyte interphase formation through interface-sensitive Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6070. [PMID: 36241622 PMCID: PMC9568580 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that forms on Li-ion battery anodes is critical to their long-term performance, however observing SEI formation processes at the buried electrode-electrolyte interface is a significant challenge. Here we show that operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in total electron yield mode can resolve the chemical evolution of the SEI during electrochemical formation in a Li-ion cell, with nm-scale interface sensitivity. O, F, and Si K-edge spectra, acquired as a function of potential, reveal when key reactions occur on high-capacity amorphous Si anodes cycled with and without fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). The sequential formation of inorganic (LiF) and organic (-(C=O)O-) components is thereby revealed, and results in layering of the SEI. The addition of FEC leads to SEI formation at higher potentials which is implicated in the rapid healing of SEI defects and the improved cycling performance observed. Operando TEY-XAS offers new insights into the formation mechanisms of electrode-electrolyte interphases and their stability for a wide variety of electrode materials and electrolyte formulations. Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on Li-ion battery anodes is critical for long-term performance. Here, the authors use operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in total electron yield mode to resolve the chemical evolution of the SEI during electrochemical formation on silicon anodes.
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20
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Rehnlund D, Wang Z, Nyholm L. Lithium-Diffusion Induced Capacity Losses in Lithium-Based Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108827. [PMID: 35218260 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable lithium-based batteries generally exhibit gradual capacity losses resulting in decreasing energy and power densities. For negative electrode materials, the capacity losses are largely attributed to the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer and volume expansion effects. For positive electrode materials, the capacity losses are, instead, mainly ascribed to structural changes and metal ion dissolution. This review focuses on another, so far largely unrecognized, type of capacity loss stemming from diffusion of lithium atoms or ions as a result of concentration gradients present in the electrode. An incomplete delithiation step is then seen for a negative electrode material while an incomplete lithiation step is obtained for a positive electrode material. Evidence for diffusion-controlled capacity losses is presented based on published experimental data and results obtained in recent studies focusing on this trapping effect. The implications of the diffusion-controlled Li-trapping induced capacity losses, which are discussed using a straightforward diffusion-based model, are compared with those of other phenomena expected to give capacity losses. Approaches that can be used to identify and circumvent the diffusion-controlled Li-trapping problem (e.g., regeneration of cycled batteries) are discussed, in addition to remaining challenges and proposed future research directions within this important research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rehnlund
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala, SE-75121, Sweden
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 538, Uppsala, SE-75121, Sweden
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21
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Asheim K, Vullum PE, Wagner NP, Andersen HF, Mæhlen JP, Svensson AM. Improved electrochemical performance and solid electrolyte interphase properties of electrolytes based on lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide for high content silicon anodes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12517-12530. [PMID: 35480361 PMCID: PMC9040649 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrodes containing 60 wt% micron-sized silicon were investigated with electrolytes containing carbonate solvents and either LiPF6 or lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt. The electrodes showed improved performance, with respect to capacity, cycling stability, rate performance, electrode resistance and cycle life with the LiFSI salt, attributed to differences in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Through impedance spectroscopy, cross sectional analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) in combination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrode surface characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differences in electrode morphological changes, SEI composition and local distribution of SEI components were investigated. The SEI formed with LiFSI has a thin, inner, primarily inorganic layer, and an outer layer dominated by organic components. This SEI appeared more homogeneous and stable, more flexible and with a lower resistivity than the SEI formed in LiPF6 electrolyte. The SEI formed in the LiPF6 electrolyte appears to be less passivating and less flexible, with a higher resistance, and with higher capacitance values, indicative of a higher interfacial surface area. Cycling in LiPF6 electrolyte also resulted in incomplete lithiation of silicon particles, attributed to the inhomogeneous SEI formed. In contrast to LiFSI, where LiF was present in small grains in-between the silicon particles, clusters of LiF were observed around the carbon black for the LiPF6 electrolyte. Lithiation of silicon in an LiFSI electrolyte results in a bilayer SEI, with an inner, inorganic layer, and an outer, organic. This SEI is more conductive, flexible and homogeneous compared to the SEI formed in an LiPF6 electrolyte.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- K Asheim
- Dept. of Mat. Science and Eng., NTNU 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | | | | | - H F Andersen
- Institute for Energy Technology 2007 Kjeller Norway
| | - J P Mæhlen
- Dept. of Mat. Science and Eng., NTNU 7491 Trondheim Norway
| | - A M Svensson
- Dept. of Mat. Science and Eng., NTNU 7491 Trondheim Norway
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22
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Jin Ying, Yuan A, Jin X, Tan L, Tang H, Sun R. High Performance Nitrogen-Doped Si/C as the Anode Material of Lithium-Ion Batteries. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193522020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Xu K, Liu X, Guan K, Yu Y, Lei W, Zhang S, Jia Q, Zhang H. Research Progress on Coating Structure of Silicon Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5135-5160. [PMID: 34532992 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silicon, which has been widely studied by virtue of its extremely high theoretical capacity and abundance, is recognized as one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries. However, silicon undergoes tremendous volume change during cycling, which leads to the destruction of the electrode structure and irreversible capacity loss, so the promotion of silicon materials in commercial applications is greatly hampered. In recent years, many strategies have been proposed to address these shortcomings of silicon. This Review focused on different coatings materials (e. g., carbon-based materials, metals, oxides, conducting polymers, etc.) for silicon materials. The role of different types of materials in the modification of silicon-based material encapsulation structure was reviewed to confirm the feasibility of the protective layer strategy. Finally, the future research direction of the silicon-based material coating structure design for the next-generation lithium-ion battery was summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy and, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy and, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Keke Guan
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy and, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy and, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Wen Lei
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy and, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Quanli Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of High Temperature Functional Ceramics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy and, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China
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24
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25
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Lan X, Cui J, Xiong X, He J, Yu H, Hu R. Multiscale Observations of Inhomogeneous Bilayer SEI Film on a Conversion-Alloying SnO 2 Anode. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2101111. [PMID: 34928011 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SnO2 , storing Li through conversion and alloying reactions, has been regarded as one of the most typical anode materials and has been widely studied for both mechanism exploring and performance tuning. However, the structure of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the SnO2 electrode and its evolution process are rarely focused and still poorly understood. Herein, time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry is used to observe the bilayer hybrid structure of SEI formed on a SnO2 film. Multiscale observations reveal the SEI accumulation after alloying reactions and distinct dissolving of the organic layer at potentials above de-conversion reactions, which results in the inorganic layer being directly exposed to the electrolyte and thus becoming thick and inhomogeneous. The broken and thick SEI causes rapid capacity decay and low Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) of 97.5%. Accordingly, it is demonstrated that, as the SnO2 is precoated with LiF or Li2 CO3 , a robust and thin SEI layer is induced to form and is stabilized in the continuous cycles, resulting in enhanced cycling stability and promoted CEs to 99.5%. This work adds new insights to the SEI evolution mechanisms on SnO2 -based anodes and suggests an effective strategy to create high performance metal oxide anode for Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Analytical and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiayi He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hechuan Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Renzong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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26
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Zhu G, Chao D, Xu W, Wu M, Zhang H. Microscale Silicon-Based Anodes: Fundamental Understanding and Industrial Prospects for Practical High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15567-15593. [PMID: 34569781 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To accelerate the commercial implementation of high-energy batteries, recent research thrusts have turned to the practicality of Si-based electrodes. Although numerous nanostructured Si-based materials with exceptional performance have been reported in the past 20 years, the practical development of high-energy Si-based batteries has been beset by the bias between industrial application with gravimetrical energy shortages and scientific research with volumetric limits. In this context, the microscale design of Si-based anodes with densified microstructure has been deemed as an impactful solution to tackle these critical issues. However, their large-scale application is plagued by inadequate cycling stability. In this review, we present the challenges in Si-based materials design and draw a realistic picture regarding practical electrode engineering. Critical appraisals of recent advances in microscale design of stable Si-based materials are presented, including interfacial tailoring of Si microscale electrode, surface modification of SiOx microscale electrode, and structural engineering of hierarchical microscale electrode. Thereafter, other practical metrics beyond active material are also explored, such as robust binder design, electrolyte exploration, prelithiation technology, and thick-electrode engineering. Finally, we provide a roadmap starting with material design and ending with the remaining challenges and integrated improvement strategies toward Si-based full cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjia Zhu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongliang Chao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilan Xu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijiao Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
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27
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Evaluating temperature dependent degradation mechanisms of silicon-graphite electrodes and the effect of fluoroethylene carbonate electrolyte additive. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Kim HS, Kim TH, Park SS, Kang MS, Jeong G. Interphasial Engineering via Individual Moiety Functionalized Organosilane Single-Molecule for Extreme Quick Rechargeable SiO/NCM811 Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44348-44357. [PMID: 34495634 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The individual moiety-functionalized organosilane single molecule, that is, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl-3-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-3-vinyltrisiloxane (TMSV), is investigated as an electrolyte additive for a less charge-consuming and viscoelastic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) forming agent, finally accomplishing extremely quick (6 min) rechargeable SiO/NCM811 lithium-ion batteries. The moiety of the vinyl group serves with a poly(ethylene oxide)-like viscoelastic SEI film on the SiO electrode, which provides a physicochemically stable interphase during long-term cycling. The increase of DC-iR due to electrolyte decomposition on the continuously exposed SiO surface with cycling is inhibited by the alternated SEI composition. Degradation of bulk electrolyte solution caused by thermal decomposition of the LiPF6 salt is also suppressed by the trimethylsilyl moiety in the TMSV additive, which scavenges HF. Owing to the multifunctionality of TMSV, the cycle performance of laminated pouch full cells comprising high-nickel-contented NCM811 positive electrode and SiO-enriched negative electrode is significantly improved at both room and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the 6 min quick recharging cycle performance is also enhanced by the TMSV additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Kim
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon Kim
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam 13509, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Su Park
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Kang
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Goojin Jeong
- Advanced Batteries Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Seongnam 13509, Republic of Korea
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29
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Zhou H, Cui C, Cheng R, Yang J, Wang X. MXene Enables Stable Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase for Si@MXene Composite with Enhanced Cycling Stability. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Cong Cui
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Renfei Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jinxing Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China
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30
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Xie X, Clark Spotte-Smith EW, Wen M, Patel HD, Blau SM, Persson KA. Data-Driven Prediction of Formation Mechanisms of Lithium Ethylene Monocarbonate with an Automated Reaction Network. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13245-13258. [PMID: 34379977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial reactions are notoriously difficult to characterize, and robust prediction of the chemical evolution and associated functionality of the resulting surface film is one of the grand challenges of materials chemistry. The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), critical to Li-ion batteries (LIBs), exemplifies such a surface film, and despite decades of work, considerable controversy remains regarding the major components of the SEI as well as their formation mechanisms. Here we use a reaction network to investigate whether lithium ethylene monocarbonate (LEMC) or lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LEDC) is the major organic component of the LIB SEI. Our data-driven, automated methodology is based on a systematic generation of relevant species using a general fragmentation/recombination procedure which provides the basis for a vast thermodynamic reaction landscape, calculated with density functional theory. The shortest pathfinding algorithms are employed to explore the reaction landscape and obtain previously proposed formation mechanisms of LEMC as well as several new reaction pathways and intermediates. For example, we identify two novel LEMC formation mechanisms: one which involves LiH generation and another that involves breaking the (CH2)O-C(═O)OLi bond in LEDC. Most importantly, we find that all identified paths, which are also kinetically favorable under the explored conditions, require water as a reactant. This condition severely limits the amount of LEMC that can form, as compared with LEDC, a conclusion that has direct impact on the SEI formation in Li-ion energy storage systems. Finally, the data-driven framework presented here is generally applicable to any electrochemical system and expected to improve our understanding of surface passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan Walter Clark Spotte-Smith
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mingjian Wen
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hetal D Patel
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samuel M Blau
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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31
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Wang L, Zhang B, Hu Y, Su Z, Zhao T, Li A. Effect of lower cut-off voltage on LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/graphite–SiOx pouch battery. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-04948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Liu C, Yuan J, Masse R, Jia X, Bi W, Neale Z, Shen T, Xu M, Tian M, Zheng J, Tian J, Cao G. Interphases, Interfaces, and Surfaces of Active Materials in Rechargeable Batteries and Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e1905245. [PMID: 31975460 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for clean sustainable energy has driven tremendous worldwide investment in the design and exploration of new active materials for energy conversion and energy-storage devices. Tailoring the surfaces of and interfaces between different materials is one of the surest and best studied paths to enable high-energy-density batteries and high-efficiency solar cells. Metal-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising photovoltaic materials due to their unprecedented development, with their record power conversion efficiency (PCE) rocketing beyond 25% in less than 10 years. Such progress is achieved largely through the control of crystallinity and surface/interface defects. Rechargeable batteries (RBs) reversibly convert electrical and chemical potential energy through redox reactions at the interfaces between the electrodes and electrolyte. The (electro)chemical and optoelectronic compatibility between active components are essential design considerations to optimize power conversion and energy storage performance. A focused discussion and critical analysis on the formation and functions of the interfaces and interphases of the active materials in these devices is provided, and prospective strategies used to overcome current challenges are described. These strategies revolve around manipulating the chemical compositions, defects, stability, and passivation of the various interfaces of RBs and PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jifeng Yuan
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Robert Masse
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Wenchao Bi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zachary Neale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ting Shen
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jiqi Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jianjun Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guozhong Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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33
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Nakai T. Perturbation Approach for NMR Signals with Infinite-Order Corrections and Its Application to Solid-State MAS INADEQUATE Spectra Exhibiting Auto-Correlation Peaks due to Chemically-Equivalent Spin Pairs: Analogy to Renormalization Theory. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Nakai
- JEOL RESONANCE Inc., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
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34
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Yan Y, Zhao X, Dou H, Wei J, Zhao W, Sun Z, Yang X. Rational design of robust nano-Si/graphite nanocomposites anodes with strong interfacial adhesion for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Zhang N, Sun C, Huang Y, Lv L, Wu Z, Zhu C, Wang X, Xiao X, Fan X, Chen L. Low-cost batteries based on industrial waste Al-Si microparticles and LiFePO 4 for stationary energy storage. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8322-8329. [PMID: 34037045 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their high capacity and low working potential, Si-based anodes are regarded as potential alternatives to graphite anodes to meet the higher requirements of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, high volume change causes the fracturing and pulverization of the bulk anode and continuous side reactions, which are more severe in large-particle Si anodes, limiting its practical application. Herein, to build a low-cost battery system, we chose a common industrial waste product, Al-Si microparticles (Al-SiMPs, ∼30 μm), as the anode for LIBs and coupled it with a 2.0 M LiFP6 2-MeTHF electrolyte to support its operation. The Al-SiMP anode showed a high specific capacity and a significantly improved electronic conductivity, ensuring high energy and power densities. An ultra-high initial coulombic efficiency (iCE) of 91.6% and a cycling CE of ∼99.9% were obtained in the half-cells, which delivered a capacity of 1300 mA h g-1 and maintained 95.3% after 100 cycles. Paired with low-cost and high-safety LiFePO4 as the cathode, the LFP||Al-SiMP full cells showed decent cycling stability and exhibited a considerable cost advantage, demonstrating a competitive solution for stationary energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chuangchao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yiqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ling Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zunchun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chunnan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xuancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xuezhang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xiulin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Lixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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36
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Bärmann P, Krueger B, Casino S, Winter M, Placke T, Wittstock G. Impact of the Crystalline Li 15Si 4 Phase on the Self-Discharge Mechanism of Silicon Negative Electrodes in Organic Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55903-55912. [PMID: 33259711 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Because of their high specific capacity and rather low operating potential, silicon-based negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries have been the subject of extensive research over the past 2 decades. Although the understanding of the (de)lithiation behavior of silicon has significantly increased, several major challenges have not been solved yet, hindering its broad commercial application. One major issue is the low initial Coulombic efficiency and the ever-present self-discharge of silicon electrodes. Self-discharge itself affects the long-term stability of electrochemical storage systems and, additionally, must be taken into consideration for inevitable prelithiation approaches. The impact of the crystalline Li15Si4 phase is of great interest as the phase transformation between crystalline (c) and amorphous (a) phases not only increases the specific surface area but also causes huge polarization. Moreover, there is the possibility for electrochemical over-lithiation toward the Li15+aSi4 phase because of the electron-deficient Li15Si4 phase, which can be highly reactive toward the electrolyte. This poses the question about the impact of the c-Li15Si4 phase on the self-discharge behavior in comparison to its amorphous counterpart. Here, silicon thin films used as model electrodes are lithiated to cut-off potentials of 10 mV and 50 mV versus Li|Li+ (U10mV and U50mV) in order to systematically investigate their self-discharge mechanism via open-circuit potential (UOCP) measurements and to visualize the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy. We show that the c-Li15Si4 phase is formed for the U10mV electrode, while it is not found for the U50mV electrode. In turn, the U50mV electrode displays an almost linear self-discharge behavior, whereas the U10mV electrode reaches a UOCP plateau at ca. 380 mV versus Li|Li+, which is due to the phase transition from c-Li15Si4 to the a-LixSi phase. At this plateau potential, the phase transformation at the Si|electrolyte interface results in an electronically more insulating and more uniform SEI (U10mV electrode), while the U50mV electrode displays a less uniform SEI layer. In summary, the self-discharge mechanism of silicon electrodes and, hence, the irreversible decomposition of the electrolyte and the corresponding SEI formation process heavily depend on the structural nature of the underlying lithium-silicon phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Bärmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Krueger
- School of Mathematics and Sciences, Chemistry Department, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Simone Casino
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
- IEK-12, Helmholtz Institute Münster, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Placke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- School of Mathematics and Sciences, Chemistry Department, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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37
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Nakai T. A Theoretical Study on a Novel Cartesian Product Operator Formalism Applicable to Strongly-Coupled Two-Spin 1/2 Systems in Solution-State and Solid-State MAS NMR Spectroscopy. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihito Nakai
- JEOL RESONANCE Inc., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
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38
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Schwan J, Nava G, Mangolini L. Critical barriers to the large scale commercialization of silicon-containing batteries. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4368-4389. [PMID: 36132933 PMCID: PMC9419004 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00589d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicon has received a considerable amount of attention in the last few years because of its large lithiation capacity. Its widespread utilization in real-life lithium-ion batteries has so far been prevented by the plethora of challenges presented by this material. This review discusses the most promising technologies that have been put forward to address these issues. While silicon is now much closer to being compatible with commercial-grade storage devices, some critical barriers still deserve further attention. Most importantly, device performance is strongly dependent on particle size and size distribution, with these parameters strongly controlled by the particle synthesis technique. Moreover, the nanoparticle synthesis technique ultimately controls the material manufacturing cost and compatibility with large-scale utilization. These issues are discussed in detail, and recommendations to the community are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Schwan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Giorgio Nava
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Lorenzo Mangolini
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
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39
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Hasa I, Haregewoin AM, Zhang L, Tsai WY, Guo J, Veith GM, Ross PN, Kostecki R. Electrochemical Reactivity and Passivation of Silicon Thin-Film Electrodes in Organic Carbonate Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40879-40890. [PMID: 32805823 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the mechanisms of interfacial processes at the surface of amorphous silicon thin-film electrodes in organic carbonate electrolytes to unveil the origins of the inherent nonpassivating behavior of silicon anodes in Li-ion batteries. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and infrared near-field scanning optical microscopy were used to investigate the formation, evolution, and chemical composition of the surface layer formed on Si upon cycling. We found that the chemical composition and thickness of the solid/electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer continuously change during the charging/discharging cycles. This SEI layer "breathing" effect is directly related to the formation of lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LiEDC) and LiPF6 salt decomposition products during silicon lithiation and their subsequent disappearance upon delithiation. The detected appearance and disappearance of LiEDC and LiPF6 decomposition compounds in the SEI layer are directly linked with the observed interfacial instability and poor passivating behavior of the silicon anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Hasa
- Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Atetegeb M Haregewoin
- Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Liang Zhang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wan-Yu Tsai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gabriel M Veith
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Philip N Ross
- Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert Kostecki
- Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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40
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Investigation of the Effects of Charging Processes on Lithium-Ion Cells with SiC Anodes at Low Temperatures. BATTERIES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/batteries6020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-ion cells with a silicon-graphite (SiC) anode and a nickel-rich cathode are potential candidates for use in electric vehicles (EVs) as this material combination offers high energy densities and low costs. Another desired cell specification that results from an intended short charging time for EVs is the robustness against high charge rates. However, high charge rates can lead to the critical aging mechanism of lithium plating, especially at low temperatures. Investigating this issue, this paper presents a test series on cyclic aging with varying charge rates from 0.2C to 1.5C at ambient temperatures of 0 °C and 10 °C applied to a nickel-rich SiC cell candidate. The resulting effects on cell aging are analyzed with a stripping method, whereby reversible lithium plating can be detected, and a differential voltage analysis (DVA), whereby the overall loss of capacity can be attributed to changes in individual characteristic capacities. The results indicate a degradation sensitivity of SiC anodes at elevated charge rates, evidenced by the loss in the silicon-related characteristic capacity, and question the aging robustness of this material combination.
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Yan Y, Zhao X, Dou H, Wei J, Sun Z, He YS, Dong Q, Xu H, Yang X. MXene Frameworks Promote the Growth and Stability of LiF-Rich Solid-Electrolyte Interphases on Silicon Nanoparticle Bundles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:18541-18550. [PMID: 32239911 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based materials are the desirable anodes for next-generation lithium-ion batteries; however, the large volume change of Si during the charging/discharging process causes electrode fracture and an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, which severely impair their stability and Coulombic efficiency. Herein, a bundle of silicon nanoparticles is encapsulated in robust micrometer-sized MXene frameworks, in which the MXene nanosheets are precrumpled by capillary compression force to effectively buffer the stress induced by the volume change, and the abundant covalent bonds (Ti-O-Ti) between adjacent nanosheets formed through a facile thermal self-cross-linking reaction further guarantee the robustness of the MXene architecture. Both factors stabilize the electrode structure. Moreover, the abundant fluorine terminations on MXene nanosheets contribute to an in situ formation of a highly compact, durable, and mechanically robust LiF-rich SEI layer outside the frameworks upon cycling, which not only shuts down the parasitic reaction between Si and an organic electrolyte but also enhances the structural stability of MXene frameworks. Benefiting from these merits, the as-prepared anodes deliver a high specific capacity of 1797 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and a high capacity retention of 86.7% after 500 cycles at 2 A g-1 with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%. Significantly, this work paves the way for other high-capacity electrode materials with a strong volume effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuantao Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Huanglin Dou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Jingjiang Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Yu-Shi He
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Hitachi (China) Research & Development Corporation, Rui Jin Building, No. 205 Maoming Road(S), Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Haisong Xu
- Hitachi (China) Research & Development Corporation, Rui Jin Building, No. 205 Maoming Road(S), Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
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42
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Kim H, Kim DW, Todoki H, Zettsu N, Teshima K. Three-dimensional assembly of multiwalled carbon nanotubes for creating a robust electron-conducting network in silicon-carbon microsphere-based electrodes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2342. [PMID: 32047195 PMCID: PMC7012817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a strategic approach to improve the cycle performance of a polymeric binder-free anode based on nano-Si@C microspheres by incorporating a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) network and performing carbodiimide-based condensation coupling to form a robust molecular-junction between MW-CNTs and nano-Si@C microspheres. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy reveals that one-dimensional MW-CNTs homogeneously wrapped the individual Si@C microspheres and they interwove through the intergranular nanospace. The incorporation of amide bonds at the junction primarily contributes to the stabilization and reinforcement of the hybrid electrodes. Their reversible capacity after 50 cycles with 0.5 A g−1 was significantly improved from 81 mAh·g−1 to 520 mAh·g−1. Such robustness associated with the supramolecularly assembled MW-CNTs is expected to facilitate electron conductivity and mass transfer kinetics, leading to enhanced electrochemical performance of the Si@C anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Dae-Wook Kim
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Hitomi Todoki
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Zettsu
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan. .,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Teshima
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan. .,Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan.
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43
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Chang Z, Li X, Yun F, Shao Z, Wu Z, Wang J, Lu S. Effect of Dual‐Salt Concentrated Electrolytes on the Electrochemical Performance of Silicon Nanoparticles. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeng‐hua Chang
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd No.11 Xingke Dong Street Yanqi Economic Development Zone Huairou District, Beijing 101407 PR China
- Department National Power Battery Innovation CenterGRINM GROUP CORPRATION LIMITED (GRINM) No.2 Xinjiekou Wai Street Xicheng District Beijing 100088 PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd No.11 Xingke Dong Street Yanqi Economic Development Zone Huairou District, Beijing 101407 PR China
- Department National Power Battery Innovation CenterGRINM GROUP CORPRATION LIMITED (GRINM) No.2 Xinjiekou Wai Street Xicheng District Beijing 100088 PR China
| | - Feng‐ling Yun
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd No.11 Xingke Dong Street Yanqi Economic Development Zone Huairou District, Beijing 101407 PR China
- Department National Power Battery Innovation CenterGRINM GROUP CORPRATION LIMITED (GRINM) No.2 Xinjiekou Wai Street Xicheng District Beijing 100088 PR China
| | - Ze‐chao Shao
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd No.11 Xingke Dong Street Yanqi Economic Development Zone Huairou District, Beijing 101407 PR China
- Department National Power Battery Innovation CenterGRINM GROUP CORPRATION LIMITED (GRINM) No.2 Xinjiekou Wai Street Xicheng District Beijing 100088 PR China
| | - Zhao‐hui Wu
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd No.11 Xingke Dong Street Yanqi Economic Development Zone Huairou District, Beijing 101407 PR China
- Department National Power Battery Innovation CenterGRINM GROUP CORPRATION LIMITED (GRINM) No.2 Xinjiekou Wai Street Xicheng District Beijing 100088 PR China
| | - Jian‐tao Wang
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd No.11 Xingke Dong Street Yanqi Economic Development Zone Huairou District, Beijing 101407 PR China
- Department National Power Battery Innovation CenterGRINM GROUP CORPRATION LIMITED (GRINM) No.2 Xinjiekou Wai Street Xicheng District Beijing 100088 PR China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals No.2 Xinjiekou Wai Street Xicheng District Beijing 100088 PR China
| | - Shi‐gang Lu
- China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co. Ltd No.11 Xingke Dong Street Yanqi Economic Development Zone Huairou District, Beijing 101407 PR China
- Department National Power Battery Innovation CenterGRINM GROUP CORPRATION LIMITED (GRINM) No.2 Xinjiekou Wai Street Xicheng District Beijing 100088 PR China
- General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals No.2 Xinjiekou Wai Street Xicheng District Beijing 100088 PR China
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Lebens-Higgins ZW, Halat DM, Faenza NV, Wahila MJ, Mascheck M, Wiell T, Eriksson SK, Palmgren P, Rodriguez J, Badway F, Pereira N, Amatucci GG, Lee TL, Grey CP, Piper LFJ. Surface Chemistry Dependence on Aluminum Doping in Ni-rich LiNi 0.8Co 0.2-yAl yO 2 Cathodes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17720. [PMID: 31776363 PMCID: PMC6881288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum is a common dopant across oxide cathodes for improving the bulk and cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) stability. Aluminum in the bulk is known to enhance structural and thermal stability, yet the exact influence of aluminum at the CEI remains unclear. To address this, we utilized a combination of X-ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopy to identify aluminum surface environments and extent of transition metal reduction for Ni-rich LiNi0.8Co0.2-yAlyO2 (0%, 5%, or 20% Al) layered oxide cathodes tested at 4.75 V under thermal stress (60 °C). For these tests, we compared the conventional LiPF6 salt with the more thermally stable LiBF4 salt. The CEI layers are inherently different between these two electrolyte salts, particularly for the highest level of Al-doping (20%) where a thicker (thinner) CEI layer is found for LiPF6 (LiBF4). Focusing on the aluminum environment, we reveal the type of surface aluminum species are dependent on the electrolyte salt, as Al-O-F- and Al-F-like species form when using LiPF6 and LiBF4, respectively. In both cases, we find cathode-electrolyte reactions drive the formation of a protective Al-F-like barrier at the CEI in Al-doped oxide cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W Lebens-Higgins
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - David M Halat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas V Faenza
- Energy Storage Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, 08902, United States
| | - Matthew J Wahila
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | | | - Tomas Wiell
- Scienta Omicron AB, P.O. Box 15120, 750 15, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Paul Palmgren
- Scienta Omicron AB, P.O. Box 15120, 750 15, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jose Rodriguez
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Fadwa Badway
- Energy Storage Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, 08902, United States
| | - Nathalie Pereira
- Energy Storage Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, 08902, United States
| | - Glenn G Amatucci
- Energy Storage Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, North Brunswick, NJ, 08902, United States
| | - Tien-Lin Lee
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Louis F J Piper
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
- Materials Science & Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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Heider Y, Willmes P, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Boron and Phosphorus Containing Heterosiliconoids: Stable p- and n-Doped Unsaturated Silicon Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19498-19504. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Heider
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Philipp Willmes
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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46
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Zhang Y, Du N, Yang D. Designing superior solid electrolyte interfaces on silicon anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19086-19104. [PMID: 31538999 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05748j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is a passivation layer formed on the surface of lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode materials produced by electrolyte decomposition. The quality of the SEI plays a critical role in the cyclability, rate capacity, irreversible capacity loss and safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The stability of the SEI is especially important for Si anodes which experience tremendous volume changes during cycling. Therefore, in this review we discuss the effect of the SEI on Si anodes. Firstly, the mechanism of formation, composition, and component properties of solid electrolyte interfaces (SEIs) are introduced, and the SEI of native-oxide-terminated Si is emphasized. Then the growth model and mechanical failure of SEIs are analyzed in detail, and the challenges facing SEIs of Si anodes are proposed. Moreover, we highlight several modification methods for SEIs on Si anodes, including electrolyte additives, surface-functionalization of Si, coating artificial SEIs or protective layers, and the structural design of Si-based composites. We believe that designing a high-quality SEI is of great significance and is beneficial for the improved electrochemical performance of Si anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Du
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Zhu B, Liu G, Lv G, Mu Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li X, Yao P, Deng Y, Cui Y, Zhu J. Minimized lithium trapping by isovalent isomorphism for high initial Coulombic efficiency of silicon anodes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax0651. [PMID: 31763449 PMCID: PMC6858256 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silicon demonstrates great potential as a next-generation lithium ion battery anode because of high capacity and elemental abundance. However, the issue of low initial Coulombic efficiency needs to be addressed to enable large-scale applications. There are mainly two mechanisms for this lithium loss in the first cycle: the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase and lithium trapping in the electrode. The former has been heavily investigated while the latter has been largely neglected. Here, through both theoretical calculation and experimental study, we demonstrate that by introducing Ge substitution in Si with fine compositional control, the energy barrier of lithium diffusion will be greatly reduced because of the lattice expansion. This effect of isovalent isomorphism significantly reduces the Li trapping by ~70% and improves the initial Coulombic efficiency to over 90%. We expect that various systems of battery materials can benefit from this mechanism for fine-tuning their electrochemical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guangxin Lv
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu Mu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yunlei Zhao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqiang Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (J.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (J.Z.); (Y.D.)
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Jin Y, Kneusels NJH, Grey CP. NMR Study of the Degradation Products of Ethylene Carbonate in Silicon-Lithium Ion Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6345-6350. [PMID: 31584832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene carbonate (EC) is the most widely used electrolyte solvent in lithium ion batteries, but it fails to form a stable passivation layer on materials such as Si and Li metal, which will enable the long-term cycling of the next-generation high-capacity lithium ion batteries containing these anode materials. High concentrations of soluble degradation products are detected in the electrolyte after prolonged cycling, but the chemical structures of these species remain unclear. Here, we used 1D, 2D, and diffusion NMR techniques combined with mass spectrometry to analyze electrolyte-containing 13C-labeled EC, and we report on the formation of a series of linear oligomers consisting of ethylene oxide and carbonate fragments with methoxide end groups as the major soluble degradation products of EC. Oligomers with methoxide terminals are likely to have weak interaction toward the electrode; thus, they easily detach from the electrode and are unable to passivate the surface, which may explain the origin of the capacity fade for high-capacity Si-based or Li metal anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Jin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Nis-Julian H Kneusels
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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Chae S, Choi SH, Kim N, Sung J, Cho J. Integration of Graphite and Silicon Anodes for the Commercialization of High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:110-135. [PMID: 30887635 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Silicon is considered a most promising anode material for overcoming the theoretical capacity limit of carbonaceous anodes. The use of nanomethods has led to significant progress being made with Si anodes to address the severe volume change during (de)lithiation. However, less progress has been made in the practical application of Si anodes in commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The drastic increase in the energy demands of diverse industries has led to the co-utilization of Si and graphite resurfacing as a commercially viable method for realizing high energy. Herein, we highlight the necessity for the co-utilization of graphite and Si for commercialization and discuss the development of graphite/Si anodes. Representative Si anodes used in graphite-blended electrodes are covered and a variety of strategies for building graphite/Si composites are organized according to their synthetic methods. The criteria for the co-utilization of graphite and Si are systematically presented. Finally, we provide suggestions for the commercialization of graphite/Si combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujong Chae
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhyung Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Sung
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaephil Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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50
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Chae S, Choi S, Kim N, Sung J, Cho J. Graphit‐ und‐Silicium‐Anoden für Lithiumionen‐ Hochenergiebatterien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujong Chae
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republik Korea
| | - Seong‐Hyeon Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republik Korea
| | - Namhyung Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republik Korea
| | - Jaekyung Sung
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republik Korea
| | - Jaephil Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republik Korea
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