1
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Zhang ZF, Su MD. Insights into the Reactivity of the Ring-Opening Reaction of Tetrahydrofuran by Intramolecular Group-13/P- and Al/Group-15-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5316-5331. [PMID: 36816703 PMCID: PMC9933199 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study concerning key factors affecting activation energies for ring-opening reactions of tetrahydrofuran (THF) by G13/P-based (G13 = B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl) and Al/G15-based (G15 = N, P, As, Sb, and Bi) frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) featuring the dimethylxanthene scaffold was performed using density functional theory. Our theoretical findings indicate that only dimethylxanthene backbone Al/P-Rea (Rea = reactant) FLP-type molecules can be energetically favorable to undergo the ring-opening reaction with THF. Our theoretical evidence reveals that the shorter the separating distance between Lewis acidic (LA) and Lewis basic (LB) centers of the dimethylxanthene backbone FLP-type molecules, the greater the orbital overlaps between the FLP and THF and the lower the activation barrier for such a ring-opening reaction. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) evidence suggests that the bonding interaction for such a ring-opening reaction is predominated by the donor-acceptor interaction (singlet-singlet interaction) compared to the electron-sharing interaction (triplet-triplet interaction). In addition, the natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV) evidence demonstrate that the bonding situations of such ring-opening reactions can be best described as FLP-to-THF forward bonding (the lone pair (G15) → the empty σ*(C-O)) and THF-to-FLP back bonding (the empty σ*(G13) ← filled p-π(O)). The EDA-NOCV observations show that the former plays a predominant role and the latter plays a minor role in such bonding conditions. The activation strain model reveals that the deformation energy of THF is the key factor in determining the activation energy of their ring-opening reactions. Comparing the geometrical structures of the transition states with their corresponding reactants, a linear relationship between them can be rationally explained by the Hammond postulate combined with the respective activation barriers calculated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi60004, Taiwan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung80708, Taiwan
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2
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Ullah A, Chen GQ. 1,1,2-Trifunctionalization of terminal alkynes by imine/borane frustrated Lewis pairs. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first metal-free 1,1,2-trifunctionalization of terminal alkynes is reported, providing a straightforward means to synthesize trisubstituted-alkenyl boranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ullah
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518071, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518071, China
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3
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Škoch K, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Alkyne 1,1‐Hydroboration to a Reactive Frustrated P/B‐H Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Škoch
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | | | - Gerald Kehr
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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4
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Škoch K, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Alkyne 1,1-Hydroboration to a Reactive Frustrated P/B-H Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6757-6763. [PMID: 33306863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Mes2 P-C≡C-SiMe3 alkyne reacts with the borane H2 B-Fmes by means of a rare 1,1-hydroboration reaction to give an unsaturated C2 -bridged frustrated P/B-H Lewis pair. Most of its reactions are determined by the presence of the B-H functionality at the FLP function and the activated connecting carbon-carbon double bond. It reduces carbon monoxide to the formyl stage. With nitriles it reacts in an extraordinary way: it undergoes a reaction sequence that eventually results in the formation of a P-substituted dihydro-1,2-azaborole derivative. Several similar examples were found. In one case a P-ylide was isolated that was related to an intermediate of the reaction sequence. It subsequently opened in an alternative way to give an alkenyl borane product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Škoch
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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5
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Li J, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Borane‐Mediated Vinylphosphane Cycloaddition to Conjugated Ynones. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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6
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Knitsch R, Özgün T, Chen GQ, Kehr G, Erker G, Hansen MR, Eckert H. Dihydrogen Splitting by Intramolecular Borane-Phosphane Frustrated Lewis Pairs: A Comprehensive Characterization Strategy Using Solid State NMR and DFT Calculations. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1837-1849. [PMID: 31127674 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Four hydrogenated intramolecular phosphane-borane frustrated Lewis pair (B/P FLP) compounds bearing unsaturated cyclic or aromatic carbon backbones have been synthesized and structurally characterized using 11 B, 31 P, 1 H and 2 H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. A comparison of the spectra with those of the corresponding free B/P FLPs shows that both 11 B isotropic chemical shifts as well as nuclear electric quadrupolar coupling constants decrease significantly upon FLP hydrogenation, revealing the breakage of the partial B-P bond present in the starting materials. Likewise, the 31 P isotropic chemical shift, the chemical shift anisotropy, and the asymmetry parameter decrease significantly upon FLP hydrogenation, reflecting the formation of a more symmetric, C3v -like local environment. 11 B{31 P} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) experiments can be used to measure the B-P internuclear distance (about 3.2 Å) of these compounds. Observation of the hydrogen atoms bound to the Lewis centers is best accomplished via 31 P{1 H} and 11 B{1 H} cross-polarization-heteronuclear correlation experiments or by direct observation of the 2 H MAS NMR signals on especially prepared FLP-D2 adducts. For accurately measuring the phosphorus-deuterium distance via 31 P{2 H} rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR), it is essential to take the secondary dipolar coupling of 31 P with the boron-bonded 2 H nuclei explicitly into consideration, by simulating a 2 HP -31 P-2 HB three-spin system based on structural input. All of the experimental NMR interaction parameters are found in excellent agreement with values calculated by DFT methods, using the geometries obtained either by energy optimization or from single-crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Knitsch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-41849, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Özgün
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-41849, Münster, Germany
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-41849, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-41849, Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-41849, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-41849, Münster, Germany
| | - Hellmut Eckert
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-41849, Münster, Germany.,Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
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7
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Möricke J, Rehwinkel F, Danelzik T, Daniliuc CG, Wibbeling B, Kehr G, Erker G. Developing carbon Lewis base/boron Lewis acid frustrated Lewis pair chemistry derived from conjugated dienamines. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Wang L, Li J, Deng D, Daniliuc CG, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Kehr G, Erker G. Carbon–carbon bond forming reactions of acetylenic esters and ketones within frustrated phosphane/borane Lewis pair frameworks. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11921-11926. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02624j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The three-component reactions of bulky diarylbutenylphosphanes with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and the strong boron Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 give the ylide-substituted cyclopropane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Dongsheng Deng
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | | | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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10
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Han Y, Zhang S, He J, Zhang Y. Switchable C–H Silylation of Indoles Catalyzed by a Thermally Induced Frustrated Lewis Pair. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Sutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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11
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Chang K, Wang X, Fan Z, Xu X. Reactions of Neutral Scandium/Phosphorus Lewis Pairs with Small Molecules. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8568-8580. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kejian Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengning Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Milovanović MR, Andrić JM, Medaković VB, Djukic JP, Zarić SD. Investigation of interactions in Lewis pairs between phosphines and boranes by analyzing crystal structures from the Cambridge Structural Database. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2018; 74:255-263. [PMID: 29927388 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520618003736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between phosphines and boranes in crystal structures have been investigated by analyzing data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). The interactions between phosphines and boranes were classified into three types; two types depend on groups on the boron atom, whereas the third one involves frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). The data enabled geometric parameters in structures to be compared with phosphine-borane FLPs with classical Lewis pairs. Most of the crystal structures (78.1%) contain BH3 as the borane group. In these systems, the boron-phosphorus distance is shorter than systems where the boron atom is surrounded by groups other than hydrogen atoms. The analysis of the CSD data has shown that FLPs have a tendency for the longest boron-phosphorus distance among all phosphine-borane pairs, as well as different other geometrical parameters. The results show that most of the frustrated phosphine-borane pairs found in crystal structures are bridged ones. The minority of non-bridged FLP structures contain, beside phosphorus and boron atoms, other heteroatoms (O, N, S for instance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan R Milovanović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jelena M Andrić
- Innovation Center, Department of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Vesna B Medaković
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Jean Pierre Djukic
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Sneǽana D Zarić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
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13
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Wang Q, Zhao W, Zhang S, He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Living Polymerization of Conjugated Polar Alkenes Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Olefin-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory
of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory
of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Sutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory
of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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14
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Chen G, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Making Use of the Functional Group Combination of a Phosphane/Borane Lewis Pair Connected by an Unsaturated Four‐Carbon Bridge. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Qiang Chen
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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15
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Kehr G, Erker G. Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry: Searching for New Reactions. CHEM REC 2017; 17:803-815. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; 48149 Münster Corrensstr. 40 Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; 48149 Münster Corrensstr. 40 Germany
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16
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Wang T, Jentgens X, Daniliuc CG, Kehr G, Erker G. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-Catalyzed Reaction of Phosphorus/Boron and Nitrogen/Boron Frustrated Lewis Pair Dihydrogen Activation Products with Alkenes and Alkynes. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongdao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Xenia Jentgens
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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17
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Frömel S, Daniliuc CG, Bannwarth C, Grimme S, Bussmann K, Kehr G, Erker G. Indirect synthesis of a pair of formal methane activation products at a phosphane/borane frustrated Lewis pair. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:19230-19233. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04206f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The endergonic formal FLP methane activation products were obtained by an indirect stepwise synthesis and shown to be kinetically stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Frömel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | | | - Christoph Bannwarth
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53115 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- D-53115 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Kathrin Bussmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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