1
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Wu Z, Xu N, Zhang D, Liu H, Li L, Wang F, Ren J, Wang E. A mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for discrimination of biothiols by dual-channel imaging in living cells and zebrafish. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 322:124846. [PMID: 39059262 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Biothiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), play distinct yet crucial roles in various mitochondrial physiological activities. However, due to their similar chemical structures, distinguishing and detecting Cys/Hcy/GSH poses a considerable challenge. In this study, we developed a dual-channel, mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent probe termed QX-NBD, designed specifically for discriminating Cys/Hcy from GSH. The incorporation of a quinolinium group endowed the probe with excellent mitochondrial targeting capabilities. This functionality arose from the positively charged group's ability to selectively bind to negatively charged mitochondrial membranes through electrostatic interactions. Additionally, the ether bond between 4-chloro-7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole and the near-infrared fluorophore QX-OH rendered the probe susceptible to nucleophilic attack by biothiols. Upon the introduction of Cys/Hcy, the probe exhibited dual fluorescence emissions in red and green. Conversely, the presence of GSH resulted in only red fluorescence emission. The detection limits of the probe for Cys and Hcy at 542 nm in buffer solution were determined to be 0.044 μM and 0.042 μM, respectively. Similarly, the detection limit for all these biothiols was 0.028 μM at 678 nm. Furthermore, the response times for Cys/Hcy/GSH were recorded as 4.0 min, 5.5 min, and 9.5 min, respectively. Moreover, the probe was employed to monitor fluctuations in biothiol levels during oxidative stress in both HeLa cells and zebrafish, demonstrating its applicability and utility in biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Ningge Xu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research & Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia & Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, PR China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Heng Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research & Hainan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Thalassemia & Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, PR China
| | - Linglan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Feiyi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Jun Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Erfei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Precision Synthesis of Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
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2
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Zhao X, Li Y, Li Z, Hu D, Zhang R, Li M, Liu Y, Xiu X, Jia H, Wang H, Liu Y, Yang H, Cheng M. Design and synthesis of hemicyanine-based NIRF probe for detecting Aβ aggregates in Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107514. [PMID: 38870704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has garnered increased attention due to its substantial economic burden and the escalating global aging phenomenon. Amyloid-β deposition is a key pathogenic marker observed in the brains of Alzheimer's sufferers. Based on real-time, safe, low-cost, and commonly used, near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging technology have become an essential technique for the detection of AD in recent years. In this work, NIRF probes with hemicyanine structure were designed, synthesized and evaluated for imaging Aβ aggregates in the brain. We use the hemicyanine structure as the parent nucleus to enhance the probe's optical properties. The introduction of PEG chain is to improve the probe's brain dynamice properties, and the alkyl chain on the N atom is to enhance the fluorescence intensity of the probe after binding to the Aβ aggregates as much as possible. Among these probes, Z2, Z3, Z6, X3, X6 and T1 showed excellent optical properties and high affinity to Aβ aggregates (Kd = 24.31 ∼ 59.60 nM). In vitro brain section staining and in vivo NIRF imaging demonstrated that X6 exhibited superior discrimination between Tg mice and WT mice, and X6 has the best brain clearance rate. As a result, X6 was identified as the optimal probe. Furthermore, the docking theory calculation results aided in describing X6's binding behavior with Aβ aggregates. As a high-affinity, high-selectivity, safe and effective probe of targeting Aβ aggregates, X6 is a promising NIRF probe for in vivo detection of Aβ aggregates in the AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhenli Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dexiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongwei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hanxun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Huali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Liaoning, Shenyang 110016, China.
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3
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Guo L, Yang M, Dong B, Lewman S, Van Horn A, Jia S. Engineering Central Substitutions in Heptamethine Dyes for Improved Fluorophore Performance. JACS AU 2024; 4:3007-3017. [PMID: 39211623 PMCID: PMC11350720 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
As a major family of red-shifted fluorophores that operate beyond visible light, polymethine dyes are pivotal in light-based biological techniques. However, methods for tuning this kind of fluorophores by structural modification remain restricted to bottom-up synthesis and modification using coupling or nucleophilic substitutions. In this study, we introduce a two-step, late-stage functionalization process for heptamethine dyes. This process enables the substitution of the central chlorine atom in the commonly used 4'-chloro heptamethine scaffold with various aryl groups using aryllithium reagents. This method borrows the building block and designs from the xanthene dye community and offers a mild and convenient way for the diversification of heptamethine fluorophores. Notably, this efficient conversion allows for the synthesis of heptamethine-X, the heptamethine scaffold with two ortho-substituents on the 4'-aryl modification, which brings enhanced stability and reduced aggregation to the fluorophore. We showcase the utility of this method by a facile synthesis of a fluorogenic, membrane-localizing fluorophore that outperforms its commercial counterparts with a significantly higher brightness and contrast. Overall, this method establishes the synthetic similarities between polymethine and xanthene fluorophores and provides a versatile and feasible toolbox for future optimizing heptamethine fluorophores for their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Meek Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Bin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Seth Lewman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Alex Van Horn
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Shang Jia
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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4
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Cao T, Xu Z, Dong W, Ma H, Fan Z, Liu Y. A ratiometric fluorescent probe with dual-targeting capability for heat shock imaging. Talanta 2024; 276:126213. [PMID: 38718652 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
HSO3- is an important reactive sulfur species that maintains the normal physiological activities of living organisms and participates in a variety of redox homeostatic processes. It has been found that changes in HSO3- levels is closely related to the heat stroke phenomenon of the organism. Heat stroke causes damage to normal cells, which in turn causes damage to the body and even death. It is crucial to accurately monitor and track the physiological behavior of HSO3- during heat stroke. Herein, a ratiometric multifunctional fluorescent probe DRM-SO2 with dual-targeting ability to rapidly and precisely recognize HSO3- being constructed based on the FRET mechanism. DRM-SO2 has extra Large Stokes shift (216 nm), very high sensitivity (DL = 12.2 nM), fast response time and good specificity. When DRM-SO2 undergoes Michael addition with HSO3-, the fluorescence emission peak was blue-shifted from 616 nm to 472 nm, and a clear ratiometric signal appeared. The interaction between lysosomes and mitochondria in maintaining cellular homeostasis was investigated by the dual-targeting ability of the probe using HSO3- as a mediator. DRM-SO2 achieved successful targeting and real-time monitoring of exogenous and endogenous HSO3- in the cells. More importantly, imaging experiments in heat stroke mice revealed high HSO3- expression in intestinal tissues. This provides new ideas and research tools for early prevention of heat stroke-induced diseases such as intestinal injuries. In addition, the semi-quantitative monitoring experiments for paper-based visualization of HSO3- make the probe promising for the design of portable detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Zhongsheng Xu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Wenhua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Hong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Zhefeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, The School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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5
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Zhang J, Gong S, Li Q, Zhang S, Feng G. Lysosome-Targeted Polarity-Sensitive NIR Fluorescence Probe for Imaging Injured Lung and Liver in Diabetes. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39140221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease marked by high blood glucose. With the progress of diabetes, complications gradually appear, and various organs may be affected. However, due to the lack of noninvasive in situ detection probes, the diagnosis of organ damage caused by diabetes is significantly delayed, which will cause many complications that cannot be treated in time. Here, we report a BODIPY-based fluorescent probe SNL, which can be used to detect lung and liver damage caused by diabetes. By introducing methylpiperazine and extending the conjugated system, SNL can locate lysosomes and exhibit absorption and emission both in the near-infrared (NIR) region. In addition, SNL is sensitive to polarity and can be used for sensitive detection of lysosomal polarity changes. Unexpectedly, SNL targets and images the lungs and liver of mice. Subsequently, hyperglycemia-stimulated cell models and diabetic mouse models were successfully established, and SNL was utilized to reveal that polarity can be used as a diagnostic signal of diabetic complications. Notably, SNL for the first time confirmed the lung injury and liver injury caused by diabetes using the fluorescent probes method, providing a new approach for the diagnosis of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shengyi Gong
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qianhua Li
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shiya Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guoqiang Feng
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
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6
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Hu J, Wang T, Xu J, Hai J, Ji Y, Li R. Dual-emission red carbon dots for ATP real-time monitoring and quantification to reveal drug and cancer effects on lysosomes. Talanta 2024; 280:126671. [PMID: 39128312 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring and quantifying ATP levels in vivo is essential to understanding its role as a signaling molecule in tumor progression and therapy. Nevertheless, the real-time monitoring and quantitative assessment of lysosomal ATP remains challenging due to the lack of accurate tools in deep tissues. In this study, based on the crosslinking enhanced emission (CEE) effect, we successfully synthesized red carbon dots (R-CDs) with dual emission properties for efficient quantification of intracellular ATP. The R-CDs emit in the near-infrared range and target lysosomes with rapid detection capabilities, rendering them exceptionally well-suited for directly observing and analyzing the dynamics of lysosomal ATP through live cell imaging techniques. Importantly, R-CDs have proven their efficacy in real-time monitoring of drug stimulus-induced fluctuations in endogenous lysosomal ATP concentration and have also been employed for quantifying and distinguishing lysosomal ATP levels among normal and cancer cell lines. These noteworthy findings emphasize the versatility of the R-CD as a valuable imaging tool for elucidating the functional role of lysosomal ATP in drug screening and cancer diagnostics and hold the promise of becoming a reference tool for deepening our understanding of drug mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tianmiao Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jingyuan Xu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Hai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yibing Ji
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ruijun Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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7
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Munan S, Kottarathil S, Joseph MM, Jana A, Ali M, Mapa K, Maiti KK, Samanta A. IndiFluors: A New Full-Visible Color-Tunable Donor-Acceptor-Donor (D 1-A-D 2) Fluorophore Family for Ratiometric pH Imaging during Mitophagy. ACS Sens 2024; 9:3502-3510. [PMID: 35113517 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Full-visible color-tunable new fluorophores are essential in bioimaging research. However, it is significantly challenging to design fluorophores with the desired optical and biological properties owing to their structural complexity. We report a unified design of an interesting molecular framework, IndiFluors, based on the principle of a donor-acceptor-donor (D1-A-D2) system. The IndiFluors comprise pyrylium, pyridinium, and pyridine derivatives, which exhibit full-visible emission color (375-700 nm) by varying donor and acceptor strengths of the core scaffolds. With a minimal change of structure, the bright fluorophores (Φ: 0.96) can be tuned to become nonfluorescent (Φ: 0.01), which is well explained by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT/PCM) by oscillator strengths in the S1 state. Within IndiFluors, pyridinium offers several advantages, including a large Stokes shift (∼154 nm) and excellent stability, compared to pentacyclic pyrylium fluorophores. Especially, the designed probe, PM-Mito-OH, demonstrated specific colocalization in mitochondria and a monitored ratiometric pH change during mitochondrial damage, autolysosomes, and the mitophagy process. Hence, IndiFluors and the derived probe show great potential for cellular pH imaging in live cells while exhibiting minimal cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Munan
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Shamna Kottarathil
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, PO Pappanamcode, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Manu M Joseph
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, PO Pappanamcode, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Anal Jana
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Mudassar Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Koyeli Mapa
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Kaustabh Kumar Maiti
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, Organic Chemistry Section, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, PO Pappanamcode, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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8
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Zou X, Wen S, Xu L, Gao L, Wang X, Hu X, Han J, Han S. Signal-sustained imaging of mitophagy with an Enzyme-Activatable Metabolic Lipid-Labeling Probe. Autophagy 2024. [PMID: 38873937 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2367192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Imaging of mitophagy is of significance as aberrant mitophagy is engaged in multiple diseases. Mitophagy has been imaged with synthetic or biotic pH sensors by reporting pH acidification en route delivery into lysosomes. To circumvent uncertainty of acidity-dependent signals, we herein report an enzyme-activatable probe covalently attached on mitochondrial inner membrane (ECAM) for signal-persist mitophagy imaging. ECAM is operated via ΔΨm-driven accumulation of Mito-proGreen in mitochondria and covalent linking of the trapped probe with azidophospholipids metabolically incorporated into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Upon mitophagy, ECAM is delivered into lysosomes and hydrolyzed by LNPEP/leucyl aminopeptidase, yielding turn-on green fluorescence that is immune to lysosomal acidity changes and stably retained in fixed cells. With ECAM, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) was identified as a highly potent inducer of mitophagy. Overcoming signal susceptibility of pH probes and liability of ΔΨm probes to dissipation from stressed mitochondria, ECAM offers an attractive tool to study mitophagy and mitophagy-inducing therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zou
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shixiong Wen
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lichun Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xunxiang Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Academician Workstation of Immune Cell Signal Transduction, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Wu Z, Zhang C, Sha J, Jing Z, He J, Bai Y, Wu J, Zhang S, Shi P. Ultrabright Xanthene Fluorescence Probe for Mitochondrial Super-Resolution Imaging. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5134-5142. [PMID: 38507805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that provide energy for cellular physiological activities. Changes in their structures may indicate the occurrence of diseases, and the super-resolution imaging of mitochondria is of great significance. However, developing fluorescent probes for mitochondrial super-resolution visualization still remains challenging due to insufficient fluorescence brightness and poor stability. Herein, we rationally synthesized an ultrabright xanthene fluorescence probe Me-hNR for mitochondria-specific super-resolution imaging using structured illumination microscopy (SIM). The rigid structure of Me-hNR provided its ultrahigh fluorescence quantum yield of up to 0.92 and ultrahigh brightness of up to 16,000. Occupying the para-position of the O atom in the xanthene skeleton by utilizing the smallest methyl group ensured its excellent stability. The study of the photophysical process indicated that Me-hNR mainly emitted fluorescence via radiative decay, and nonradiative decay and inter-system crossing were rare due to the slow nonradiative decay rate and large energy gap (ΔEst = 0.55 eV). Owing to these excellent merits, Me-hNR can specifically light up mitochondria at ultralow concentrations down to 5 nM. The unprecedented spatial resolution for mitochondria with an fwhm of 174 nm was also achieved. Therefore, this ultrabright xanthene fluorescence probe has great potential in visualizing the structural changes of mitochondria and revealing the pathogenesis of related diseases using SIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyong Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Chuangli Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sha
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Ziyang Jing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, P.R. China
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10
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Zhang B, Sun R, Bai R, Sun Z, Liu R, Li W, Yao L, Sun H, Tang Y. G-quadruplex in mitochondria as a possible biomarker for mitophagy detection. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129337. [PMID: 38218296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is a key physiological process that maintains the homeostasis of mitochondrial quality and quantity. Monitoring mitophagy is of great significance for detecting cellular abnormalities and developing therapeutic drugs. However, there are still very few biomarkers specifically developed for monitoring mitophagy. Here, we propose for the first time that mitochondrial G-quadruplex may serve as a biomarker for mitophagy detection, and develope a fluorescent light-up probe AMTC to monitor mitophagy in live cells. During mitophagy, AMTC fluorescence is significantly enhanced, but once mitophagy is inhibited, its fluorescence immediately decreases. The fluorescence behavior of AMTC implicates an increase in the formation of mitochondrial G-quadruplex during mitophagy. This inference has also been supported by the other two G-quadruplex probes. Taken together, this work provides a new possible biomarker and detection tool for the study of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ruiyang Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, PR China
| | - Ruping Liu
- Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, PR China.
| | - Wenchao Li
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Li Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Yalin Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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11
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Liu W, Wang T, Wang L, Wang Y, Hu S, Tian D. A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe for ultrasensitive and visual detection of mitochondrial viscosity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123329. [PMID: 37683438 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent probes capable of detecting abnormal changes in cellular mitochondrial viscosity is of great significance, as these changes have been connected to many diseases. In this study, the conventional tetraphenylethylene (TPE) molecule was modified to fabricate a novel near-infrared fluorescent, TTPB, which was then used to measure the mitochondrial viscosity. Due to the introduction of TPE and pyridine groups, TTPB had an AIE effect and mitochondrial targeting function. Meanwhile, TTPB was extremely sensitive to variations in viscosity for the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) phenomenon. The logarithm of fluorescence intensity (logI620) of the probe demonstrated an excellent linear connection with the logarithm of viscosity (logη) in the viscosity range of 1.2 ∼ 956.0 cP, indicating the probe could quantitatively detect viscosity. Moreover, TTPB was able to visually track autophagy in addition to detecting the mitochondrial viscosity in the inflammatory cell model. These results showed that the probe was anticipated to be employed for the early diagnosis of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dating Tian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Yang L, Gu P, Fu A, Xi Y, Cui S, Ji L, Li L, Ma N, Wang Q, He G. TPE-based fluorescent probe for dual channel imaging of pH/viscosity and selective visualization of cancer cells and tissues. Talanta 2023; 265:124862. [PMID: 37379755 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient fluorescence-based detection tools with high contrast and accuracy in cancer diagnosis has recently attracted extensive attention. Changes in the microenvironments between cancer and normal cells provide new biomarkers for precise and comprehensive cancer diagnosis. Herein, a dual-organelle-targeted probe with multiple-parameter response is developed to realize cancer detection. We designed a tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based fluorescent probe TPE-PH-KD connected with quinolinium group for simultaneous detection of viscosity and pH. Due to the restriction on the double bond's rotation, the probe respond to viscosity changes in the green channel with extreme sensitivity. Interestingly, the probe exhibited strong emission of red channel in acidic environment, and the rearrangement of ortho-OH group occurred in the basic form with weak fluorescence when pH increased. Additionally, cell colocalization studies revealed that the probe was located in the mitochondria and lysosome of cancer cells. Following treatment with carbonyl cyanide m-chloro phenylhydrazone (CCCP), chloroquine, and nystatin, the pH or viscosity changes in the dual channels are also monitored in real-time. Furthermore, the probe TPE-PH-KD could effectively discriminate cancer from normal cells and organs with high-contrast fluorescence imaging, which sparked more research on an efficient tool for highly selectively visualizing tumors at the organ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Pengli Gu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Aoxiang Fu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yanbei Xi
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Shaoli Cui
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Liguo Ji
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Lili Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Nana Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Guangjie He
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
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13
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Hu M, Zhou XL, Xiao TX, Hao L, Li Y. Inducing and monitoring mitochondrial pH changes with an iridium(III) complex via two-photon lifetime imaging. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15859-15865. [PMID: 37828856 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of mitochondrial dynamic changes plays a key role in the development of mitochondria-targeted anticancer theranostic agents. In this work, a pH-responsive and mitochondria-targeted cyclometalated iridium(III) complex MitoIr-NH has been explored as a novel anticancer agent. MitoIr-NH displayed pH-responsive phosphorescence intensity and lifetime, accumulated in mitochondria, showed higher antiproliferative activity and induced a series of mitochondria-related events. Moreover, MitoIr-NH could simultaneously induce mitophagy and quantitatively monitor mitochondrial pH changes through two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (TPPLIM) in a real-time manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Xin-Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Tian-Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Liang Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
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14
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Duan X, Tong Q, Fu C, Chen L. Lysosome-targeted fluorescent probes: Design mechanism and biological applications. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106832. [PMID: 37683542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
As an integral organelle in the eukaryote, the lysosome is the degradation center and metabolic signal center in living cells, and partakes in significant physiological processes such as autophagy, cell death and cellular senescence. Fluorescent probe has become a favorite tool for studying organelles and their chemical microenvironments because of its high specificity and non-destructive merits. Over recent years, it has been reported that increasingly new lysosome-targeted probes play a major role in the diagnosis and monitor of diseases, in particular cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to deepen the relevant research on lysosome, it is challenging and inevitability to design novel lysosomal targeting probes. This review first introduces the concepts of lysosome and its closely related biological activities, and then introduces the fluorescent probes for lysosome in detail according to different detection targets, including targeting mechanism, biological imaging, and application in diseases. Finally, we summarize the specific challenges and discuss the future development direction facing the current lysosome-targeted fluorescent probes. We hope that this review can help biologists grasp the application of fluorescent probes and broaden the research ideas of researchers targeting fluorescent probes so as to design more accurate and functional probes for application in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Duan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Tong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Oncology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chengxiao Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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15
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Gu QS, Yang ZC, Chao JJ, Li L, Mao GJ, Xu F, Li CY. Tumor-Targeting Probe for Dual-Modal Imaging of Cysteine In Vivo. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12478-12486. [PMID: 37555783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is a crucial biological thiol that has a vital function in preserving redox homeostasis in organisms. Studies have shown that Cys is closely related to the development of cancer. Thus, it is necessary to design an efficient method to detect Cys for an effective cancer diagnosis. In this work, a novel tumor-targeting probe (Bio-Cy-S) for dual-modal (NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic) Cys detection is designed. The probe exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity toward Cys. After reaction with Cys, both NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic signals are activated. Bio-Cy-S has been applied for the dual-modal detection of Cys levels in living cells, and it can be used to distinguish normal cells from cancer cells by different Cys levels. In addition, the probe is capable of facilitating dual-modal imaging for monitoring changes in Cys levels in tumor-bearing mice. More importantly, the excellent tumor-targeting ability of the probe greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Cys probe to combine targeting and dual-modal imaging performance for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Song Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Chao
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jiang Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Fen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, P. R. China
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16
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Zou X, Shi Y, Zhang S, Quan J, Han J, Han S. Fluorescence-On Imaging of Reticulophagy Enabled by an Acidity-Reporting Solvatochromic Probe. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37463355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant autophagy of the endoplasmic reticulum (reticulophagy) is engaged in diverse pathological disorders. Herein, we reported sensitive imaging of reticulophagy with ER-Green-proRed, a diad combining a solvatochromic entity of trifluoromethylated naphthalimide for long-term ER tracking by green fluorescence and an entity of rhodamine-lactam fluorogenic to lysosomal acidity. Stringently accumulated in the ER to give green fluorescence, ER-Green-proRed exhibits robust red fluorescence upon codelivery with the ER subdomain into lysosomes. The relevance of turn-on red fluorescence to reticulophagy was validated by reticulophagy modulated by starvation, reticulophagic receptors, and autophagy inhibition. This imaging method was successfully employed to discern reticulophagy induced by various pharmacological agents. These results show the potential of ER-targeted pH probes, as exemplified by ER-Green-proRed, to image reticulophagy and to identify reticulophagy inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zou
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yilong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jialiang Quan
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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17
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Li X, Zhang T, Diao X, Li Y, Su Y, Yang J, Shang Z, Liu S, Zhou J, Li G, Chi H. Mitochondria-Targeted Fluorescent Nanoparticles with Large Stokes Shift for Long-Term BioImaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093962. [PMID: 37175369 PMCID: PMC10179964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria (MITO) play a significant role in various physiological processes and are a key organelle associated with different human diseases including cancer, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, etc. Thus, detecting the activity of MITO in real time is becoming more and more important. Herein, a novel class of amphiphilic aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active probe fluorescence (AC-QC nanoparticles) based on a quinoxalinone scaffold was developed for imaging MITO. AC-QC nanoparticles possess an excellent ability to monitor MITO in real-time. This probe demonstrated the following advantages: (1) lower cytotoxicity; (2) superior photostability; and (3) good performance in long-term imaging in vitro. Each result of these indicates that self-assembled AC-QC nanoparticles can be used as effective and promising MITO-targeted fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Xuebo Diao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yue Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiapei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zibo Shang
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 2329 West Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Microecology-Immune Regulatory Network and Related Diseases, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Eighth Peoples Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Huirong Chi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Eighth Peoples Hospital, 8 Caobao Road, Shanghai 200000, China
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18
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Fang M, Zhou X, Wang S, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Wang B, Rong X, Zhang X, Xu K, Zhang Y, Zheng S. A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe with hemicyanine scaffold for sensitive mitochondrial pH detection and mitophagy study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 298:122791. [PMID: 37141839 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, as an energy-producing powerhouse in live cells, is considered to be directly linked to cellular health. However, dysfunctional mitochondria and abnormal mitochondria pH would possibly activate mitophagy, cell apoptosis and intercellular acidification process. In this work, we synthesized a novel near infrared fluorescent probe (FNIR-pH) for measurement of mitochondrial pH based on the hemicyanine skeleton as a fluorophore. The FNIR-pH probe functioned as a mitochondrial pH substrate and exhibited quick and sensitive turn-on fluorescence responses to mitochondrial pH in basic solution due to the deprotonation of hydroxy group in the structure. From pH 3.0 to 10.0, the FNIR-pH exhibited almost 100-fold increase in fluorescence intensity at 766 nm wavelength. The FNIR-pH also displayed superior selectivity to various metal ions, excellent photostability, and low cytotoxicity, which facilitated further biological application. Owing to the proper pKa value of 7.2, the FNIR-pH paved the way for real-time monitoring of mitochondria pH changes in live cells and sensitive sensing of mitophagy. Moreover, the FNIR-pH probe was also implemented for fluorescent imaging of tumor-bearing mice to validate its potential application for in vivo imaging of bioanalytes and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Fang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, PR China; Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, PR China
| | - Shaocai Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, PR China
| | - Yinshuang Yang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, PR China
| | - Yueting Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing 408100, PR China
| | - Boling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing 408100, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Rong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing 408100, PR China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, PR China
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, PR China.
| | - Yibin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing 408100, PR China.
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, PR China.
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19
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Wang Y, Wang P, Li C. Fluorescence microscopic platforms imaging mitochondrial abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114841. [PMID: 37088402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are progressive disorders that cause the degeneration of neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common symptom in NDs and plays a crucial role in neuronal loss. Mitochondrial abnormalities can be observed in the early stages of NDs and evolve throughout disease progression. Visualizing mitochondrial abnormalities can help understand ND progression and develop new therapeutic strategies. Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for dynamically imaging mitochondria due to its high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. This review discusses the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and ND progression, potential biomarkers for imaging dysfunctional mitochondria, advances in fluorescence microscopy for detecting organelles, the performance of fluorescence probes in visualizing ND-associated mitochondria, and the challenges and opportunities for developing new generations of fluorescence imaging platforms for monitoring mitochondria in NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy; Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University Shanghai 201203, China.
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20
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Dwivedi SK, Arachchige DL, Vohs T, Tang J, Usimaki K, Olowolagba AM, Fritz DR, Luck RL, Werner T, Liu H. Near-infrared rhodol dyes bearing salicylaldehyde moieties for ratiometric pH sensing in live cells during mitophagy and under hypoxia conditions. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2852-2861. [PMID: 36808460 PMCID: PMC10171916 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple but efficient approach to make fluorescent probes A and B based on rhodol dyes incorporated with salicyaldehyde moiety for monitoring pH changes in mitochondria under oxidative stresses and hypoxia conditions, and for tracking mitophagy processes. Probes A and B possess pKa values (pKa ≈ 6.41 and 6.83 respectively) near physiological pH and exhibit decent mitochondria-targeted capabilities, low cytotoxicity, and useful ratiometric and reversible pH responses, which make the probes appropriate for monitoring pH fluctuations of mitochondria in living cells with built-in calibration feature for quantitative analysis. The probes have been effectively useful for the ratiometric determination of pH variations of mitochondria under the stimuli of carbonyl cyanide-4(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and during mitophagy triggered by cell nutrient deprivation, and under hypoxia conditions with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) treatment in living cells. In addition, probe A was efficient in visualizing pH changes in the larvae of fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Tara Vohs
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Jiani Tang
- High School, Houghton Portage Township Schools, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Kyle Usimaki
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Adenike Mary Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Delaney Raine Fritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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21
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Hong J, Guan X, Chen Y, Tan X, Zhang S, Feng G. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Independent Near-Infrared Mitochondrial Viscosity Probes for Real-Time Tracking Mitophagy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5687-5694. [PMID: 36940187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a vital cellular process playing vital roles in regulating cellular metabolism and mitochondrial quality control. Mitochondrial viscosity is a key microenvironmental index, closely associated with mitochondrial status. To monitor mitophagy and mitochondrial viscosity, three molecular rotors (Mito-1, Mito-2, and Mito-3) were developed. All probes contain a cationic quinolinium unit and a C12 chain so that they can tightly bind mitochondria and are not affected by the mitochondrial membrane potential. Optical studies showed that all probes are sensitive to viscosity changes with an off-on fluorescence response, and Mito-3 shows the best fluorescence enhancement. Bioimaging studies showed that all these probes can not only tightly locate and visualize mitochondria with near-infrared fluorescence but also effectively monitor the mitochondrial viscosity changes in cells. Moreover, Mito-3 was successfully applied to visualize the mitophagy process induced by starvation, and mitochondrial viscosity was found to show an increase during mitophagy. We expect Mito-3 to become a useful imaging tool for studying mitochondrial viscosity and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaogang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shiya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guoqiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
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22
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Shi D, Liu W, Gao Y, Li X, Huang Y, Li X, James TD, Guo Y, Li J. Photoactivatable senolysis with single-cell resolution delays aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:297-312. [PMID: 37118423 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Strategies that can selectively eliminate senescent cells (SnCs), namely senolytics, have been shown to promote healthy lifespan. However, it is challenging to achieve precise, broad-spectrum and tractable senolysis. Here, we integrate multiple technologies that combine the enzyme substrate of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) with fluorescence tag for the precise tracking of SnCs, construction of a bioorthogonal receptor triggered by SA-β-gal to target and anchor SnCs with single-cell resolution and incorporation of a selenium atom to generate singlet oxygen and achieve precise senolysis through controllable photodynamic therapy (PDT). We generate KSL0608-Se, a photosensitive senolytic prodrug, which is selectively activated by SA-β-gal. In naturally-aged mice, KSL0608-Se-mediated PDT prevented upregulation of age-related SnCs markers and senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors. This treatment also countered age-induced losses in liver and renal function and inhibited the age-associated physical dysfunction in mice. We therefore provide a strategy to monitor and selectively eliminate SnCs to regulate aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Yuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Screening and Research on Anti-pathogenic Plant Resources from West Yunnan, College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China.
- Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Ma X, Huang Y, Chen W, Liu J, Liu SH, Yin J, Yang GF. J-Aggregates Formed by NaCl Treatment of Aza-Coating Heptamethine Cyanines and Their Application to Monitoring Salt Stress of Plants and Promoting Photothermal Therapy of Tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216109. [PMID: 36409066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cationic nature of heptamethine cyanines gives them the capacity to form aggregates with salts by electrostatic interactions. In this work, NaCl promoted J-aggregate formation of aza-coating heptamethine cyanines is explored. NaCl can induce the N-benzyloxycarbonyl Cy-CO2 Bz to assemble into a J-aggregate having an absorption at 890 nm. Its excellent fluorescence response to NaCl implies that it has great potential for use as a probe for tracing salt stress in plants. Moreover, NaCl also promotes formation of J-aggregates from the N-ethyloxycarbonyl Cy-CO2 Et. The aggregate shows an intense absorption at 910 nm compared to the monomer which absorbs at 766 nm. Its J-aggregated form can serve as a photothermal agent. And the photothermal conversion efficiency is increased from 29.37 % to 57.59 %. This effort leads to the development of two applications of new cyanine J-aggregates including one for tracing salt stress of plants and the other for promoting photothermal therapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yurou Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
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24
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Li Z, Tan J, Gao C, Lu Z, You J, Zhu JJ. Polarity-Ultrasensitive and Lipophilicity-Enhanced Structurally Modified Hemicyanine for Two-Color Staining to Reveal Cell Apoptosis during Chemotherapy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2011-2019. [PMID: 36629754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a precisely controlled physiological process to sustain tissue homeostasis. Even though the PCD pathways have been explicitly subdivided, the individual cell death process seems to synergistically operate to eliminate cells rather than separately execute signal transduction. Apoptosis is the dominant intracellular PCD subtype, which is intimately regulated and controlled by mitochondria, thus tracing mitochondrial actions could reveal the dynamic changes of apoptosis, which may provide important tools for screening preclinical therapeutic agents. Herein, we exploited an innovative fluorophore Cy496 based on the light-initiated cleavage reaction. Cy496 bears the typical D-π-A structure and serves as a versatile building block for chemosensor construction through flexible side chains. By regulating lipophilicity and basicity through bis-site substitution, we synthesized a series of fluorescence probes and screened a novel mitochondria-targeted ratiometric probe Cy1321, which can real-time evaluate the dynamic changes of mitochondrial micropolarity mediated by bis-cholesterol anchoring. Cy1321 has realized two-color quantification and real-time visualization of polarity fluctuations on chemotherapy agent (cisplatin)-induced apoptosis through flow cytometry and confocal imaging and also achieved the purpose of detecting mitochondria-related apoptosis at the level of tissues. It is envisioned that Cy1321 has sufficient capability as a promising and facile tool for the evaluation of apoptosis and contributing to therapeutic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jiangkun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jinmao You
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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25
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Kaushik R, Nehra N, Novakova V, Zimcik P. Near-Infrared Probes for Biothiols (Cysteine, Homocysteine, and Glutathione): A Comprehensive Review. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:98-126. [PMID: 36643462 PMCID: PMC9835641 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biothiols (cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione) are an important class of compounds with a free thiol group. These biothiols plays an important role in several metabolic processes in living bodies when present in optimum concentration. Researchers have developed several probes for the detection and quantification of biothiols that can absorb in UV, visible, and near-infrared (NIR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Among them, NIR organic probes have attracted significant attention due to their application in in vivo and in vitro imaging. In this review, we have summarized probes for these biothiols, which could work in the NIR region, and discussed their sensing mechanism and potential applications. Along with focusing on the pros and cons of the reported probes we have classified them according to the fluorophore used and summarized their photophysical and sensing properties (emission, response time, limit of detection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kaushik
- Chemical
Oceanography Division, CSIR National Institute
of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Univerzita Karlova v Praze Farmaceuticka fakulta v
Hradci Kralove, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec
Králové 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Nidhi Nehra
- School
of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, 2A&2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Univerzita Karlova v Praze Farmaceuticka fakulta v
Hradci Kralove, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec
Králové 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Univerzita Karlova v Praze Farmaceuticka fakulta v
Hradci Kralove, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec
Králové 50005, Czech Republic
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26
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Zhang S, Zhang H, Zhao L, Xu L, Ma P, Ren P, Song D. A benzothiophene-quinoline-based targetable fluorescent chemosensor for detection of viscosity and mitochondrial imaging in live cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 284:121799. [PMID: 36067624 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the sites of respiration in cells, and they participate in many indispensable biological processes. Because variations in mitochondrial viscosity can lead to dysfunctions of mitochondrial structure and function (and even induce malignant diseases), new sensors that can accurately monitor changes in mitochondrial viscosity are essential. To better investigate these changes, we report the development and evaluation of a novel benzothiophene-quinoline-based fluorescent chemosensor (BQL) that was designed especially for monitoring mitochondrial viscosity. BQL demonstrated a large Stokes shift (minimizing interference from autofluorescence) and a good response to viscosity (using the TICT principle). Moreover, BQL demonstrated little to no pH-dependency, polarity-dependency, or interference from other analytes. Thus, BQL has an excellent specificity for viscosity. BQL was used to monitor viscosity changes in mitochondria induced by ion carriers, and was used to report on viscosity in real time during mitophagy. To sum up, BQL provided a new approach for detecting viscosity in living cells and in vivo. BQL should prove to be an excellent tool for the analysis of viscosity changes in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lihe Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lanlan Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pinyi Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ping Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Analytical Instruments, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China.
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27
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Xue XL, Wang Y, Chen S, Wang KP, Niu SY, Zong QS, Jiang Y, Hu ZQ. Monitoring intracellular pH using a hemicyanine-based ratiometric fluorescent probe. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 284:121778. [PMID: 36049300 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring intracellular pH using ratiometric fluorescent probes can provide further insights into various biological processes including many diseases. Although ratiometric fluorescent probes with dual emission can efficiently exclude interferences (probe concentration, instrumental efficiency, and environmental conditions) compared with traditional off-on fluorescent probes, development of pH-responsive fluorescent probes with dual emission remains relatively unexplored and challenging. Herein we reported a new hemicyanine-based ratiometric fluorescent probe 1 with a hydroxyl group. The probe 1 exhibits dual emission and shows a real-time and selective fluorescence response to micro-environmental pH conditions in a range of 6.0 ∼ 8.0. Further studies revealed that 1 could exclusively enter and accumulate into mitochondria and monitor the pH micro-environmental conditions through fluorescence imaging in HepG2 cells. We suggest that this probe might be used as a probe to elucidate the role of pH in many physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Shaojin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Kun-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Shu-Yan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Qian-Shou Zong
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, PR China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620 P.R. China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
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28
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Niu J, Meng F, Hao Q, Zong C, Fu J, Xue H, Tian M, Yu X. Ratiometric and Discriminative Visualization of Autophagy and Apoptosis with a Single Fluorescent Probe Based on the Aggregation/Monomer Principle. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17885-17894. [PMID: 36516436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis play a central role in maintaining homeostasis in mammals. Therefore, discriminative visualization of the two cellular processes is an important and challenging task. However, fluorescent probes enabling ratiometric visualization of both autophagy and apoptosis with different sets of fluorescence signals have not been developed yet. In this work, we constructed a versatile single fluorescent probe (NKLR) based on the aggregation/monomer principle for the ratiometric and discriminative visualization of autophagy and apoptosis. NKLR can simultaneously perform two-color imaging of RNA (deep red channel) and lysosomes (yellow channel) in aggregation and monomer states, respectively. During autophagy, NKLR migrated from cytoplasmic RNA and nuclear RNA to lysosomes, showing enhanced yellow emission and sharply decreased deep red fluorescence. Moreover, this migration process was reversible upon the recovery of autophagy. Comparatively, during apoptosis, NKLR immigrated from lysosomes to RNA, and the yellow emission decreased and even disappeared, while the fluorescence of the deep red channel slightly increased. Overall, autophagy and apoptosis could be discriminatively visualized via the fluorescence intensity ratios of the two channels. Meanwhile, the cells in three different states (healthy, autophagic, apoptotic) could be distinguished by three point-to-point fluorescence images via the localization and emission color of NKLR. Therefore, the probe NKLR can serve as a desirable molecular tool to reveal the in-depth relation between autophagy and apoptosis and facilitate the study on the two cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Minggang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
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29
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Wang TR, Chen Q, Tang MY, Zhang Y, Shen SL, Cao XQ. Visual monitoring of the mitochondrial pH changes during mitophagy with a NIR fluorescent probe and its application in tumor imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121496. [PMID: 35716450 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy, a mitochondria-selective autophagy process, plays critical roles in maintaining intracellular homeostasis by removing the damaged mitochondria and recycling the nutrients in a lysosome-dependent manner. Mitophagy process could result in the changes of mitochondrial pH. So fluorescent probes for detecting mitochondrial pH during mitophagy are highly needed for exploring the functions of mitochondria. Herein, a series of near-infrared pH probes were designed based on the rhodamine framework. The probes showed high sensitivity for pH with the tunable pKa from 4.74 to 6.54. Particularly, for probe 5 (with the pKa of 6.54), a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and pH in the range of 5.6-7.2 was observed, which was suitable for mitochondrial pH detection. The probe displayed excellent mitochondria-targeting ability. It was applied to monitor pH changes during mitophagy caused by starvation. Besides, in vivo non-invasive visualization of tumor pH variations was achieved via the fluorescence imaging in the near-infrared region. We anticipate that the probe may be a useful tool for revealing essential information about mitophagy-related research and clinical tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ran Wang
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, PR China
| | - Meng-Yu Tang
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, PR China
| | - Shi-Li Shen
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Qun Cao
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, PR China.
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30
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Li CC, Cao JX, Wang L, Wang JY. A novel polyethylene glycol fluorescent probe for simultaneously tracking lysosomes and lipid droplets with large Stokes shift and its application in distinguishing living from dead cells. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Su S, Chai L, An Q, Hu W, Wang L, Li X, Zhang H, Li C. Tracking Autophagy Process with a TBET and AIE-Based Ratiometric Two-Photon Viscosity Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15146-15154. [PMID: 36260837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular self-degrading process that plays a key role in cellular health and functioning. Since autophagy disorder is related to many diseases, it is highly important to detect autophagy. This study aimed to establish a dual-sensing mechanism-based ratiometric viscosity-sensitive lysosome-targeted two-photon fluorescent probe Vis-sun to track the autophagy process (the increase in lysosome viscosity during autophagy) by combining through bond energy transfer (TBET) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The introduction of TBET not only overcame the interference of background signals but also achieved the baseline separation of two emission peaks, thus reducing the crosstalk between emissions, as well as the noninvasive bio-sensing of biological targets and long-term real-time tracer imaging by introducing AIE. In vitro experiments showed that the fluorescence intensity at 485 nm decreased gradually on increasing the volume ratio of water to tetrahydrofuran (Vwater/VTHF), while the fluorescence intensity at 605 nm increased significantly. Also, the fluorescence signal was maximized when the water content reached 100%. At the same time, the probe exhibited a significant dependence on the ambient viscosity. Therefore, the dynamic monitoring of lysosome viscosity during autophagy and the in situ imaging of autophagy fluctuations during stroke-induced neuroinflammation were successfully achieved by implementing Vis-sun lysosome anchoring with morpholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengze Su
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Chai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qian An
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingcan Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
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Xu W, Liu S, Chen Z, Wu F, Cao W, Tian Y, Xiong H. Bichromatic Imaging with Hemicyanine Fluorophores Enables Simultaneous Visualization of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metastatic Intestinal Cancer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13556-13565. [PMID: 36124440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of different diseases via a single fluorophore is challenging. We herein report a bichromatic fluorophore named Cy-914 for the simultaneous diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metastatic intestinal cancer by leveraging its NIR-I/NIR-II dual-color imaging capability. Cy-914 with a pKa of 6.98 exhibits high sensitivity to pH and viscosity, showing turn-on NIR-I fluorescence at 795 nm in an acidic tumor microenvironment, meanwhile displaying intense NIR-II fluorescence at 914/1030 nm under neutral to slightly basic viscous conditions. Notably, Cy-914 could sensitively and noninvasively monitor viscosity variations in the progression of NAFLD. More importantly, it was able to simultaneously visualize NAFLD (ex/em = 808/1000-1700 nm) and intestinal metastases (ex/em = 570/810-875 nm) in two independent channels without spectral cross interference after topical spraying, further improving fluorescence-guided surgery of tiny metastases less than 3 mm. This strategy may provide an understanding for developing multi-color fluorophores for multi-disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Xu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Senyao Liu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhaoming Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fapu Wu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenwen Cao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hu Xiong
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Wang C, Fu H, Tan J, Zhang X. Rational Design of Oxazolidine-Based Red Fluorescent pH Probe for Simultaneous Imaging Two Subcellular Organelles. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090696. [PMID: 36140081 PMCID: PMC9496385 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A reversible pH-responsive fluorescent probe, BP, was rationally designed and synthesized, based on protonation and deprotonation gave rise to oxazolidine ring open and close. The fluorescence response of BP against pH ranges from 3.78 to 7.54, which is suitable for labeling intracellular pH-dependent organelles. BP displayed strong red emission at a relatively high pH in living HeLa cells and U87 cells. More importantly, this probe exhibited good colocalization with both mitochondria and lysosomes in these two cell lines, attributing to pH-induced structure tautomerism resulting in an oxazolidine ring open and close that triggered effective targeting of these two organelles. As organelle interactions are critical for cellular processes, this strategy of targeting dual organelles through the structure tautomerism is conducive to further developing more effective and advanced probes for real-time imaging of the interaction between mitochondria and lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfei Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hengyi Fu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jingyun Tan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence:
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Munan S, Ali M, Yadav R, Mapa K, Samanta A. PET- and ICT-Based Ratiometric Probe: An Unusual Phenomenon of Morpholine-Conjugated Fluorophore for Mitochondrial pH Mapping during Mitophagy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11633-11642. [PMID: 35968673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions are heavily influenced by acid-base homeostasis. Hence, elucidation of the mitochondrial pH is essential in living cells, and its alterations during pathologies is an interesting question to be addressed. Small molecular fluorescent probes are progressively applied to quantify the mitochondrial pH by fluorescence imaging. Herein, we designed a unique small molecular fluorescent probe, PM-Mor-OH, based on the lipophilic morpholine ligand-conjugated pyridinium derivative of "IndiFluors". The morpholine-conjugated fluorescent probe usually localized the lysosome. However, herein, we observed unusual phenomena of morpholine-tagged PM-Mor-OH that localized mitochondria explicitly. The morpholine ligand also plays a pivotal role in tuning optical properties via photoinduced electron transfer (PET) during internal pH alteration (ΔpHi). In the mitophagy process, lysosomes engulf damaged mitochondria, leading to ΔpHi, which can be monitored using our probe. It exhibited "ratiometric" emission at single wavelength excitation (ex. 488) and is suitable for monitoring and quantifying the ΔpHi using confocal microscope high-resolution image analysis during mitophagy. The bathochromic emission shifts due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in basic pH were well explained by the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT/PCM). Similarly, the change in the emission ratio (green/red) with pH variations was also validated by the PET process. In addition, PM-Mor-OH can quantify the pH change during oxidative stress induced by rapamycin, mutant A53T α-synuclein-mediated protein misfolding stress in mitochondria, and during starvation. Rapamycin-induced mitophagy was further elucidated by the translocation of mCherry Parkin to damaged mitochondria, which well correlates with our probe. Thus, PM-Mito-OH is a valuable probe for visualizing mitophagy and can act as a suitable tool for the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Munan
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Mudassar Ali
- Protein Homeostasis Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Koyeli Mapa
- Protein Homeostasis Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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Dutta T, Pal K, Koner AL. Intracellular Physical Properties with Small Organic Fluorescent Probes: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200035. [PMID: 35801859 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular physical parameters i. e., polarity, viscosity, fluidity, tension, potential, and temperature of a live cell are the hallmark of cellular health and have garnered immense interest over the past decade. In this context, small molecule organic fluorophores exhibit prominent useful properties including easy functionalizability, environmental sensitivity, biocompatibility, and fast yet efficient cellular uptakability which has made them a popular tool to understand intra-cellular micro-environmental properties. Throughout this discussion, we have outlined the basic design strategies of small molecules for specific organelle targeting and quantification of physical properties. The values of these parameters are indicative of cellular homeostasis and subtle alteration may be considered as the onset of disease. We believe this comprehensive review will facilitate the development of potential future probes for superior insight into the physical parameters that are yet to be quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanoy Dutta
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, INDIA (TD) (ALK
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, INDIA (TD) (ALK.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, INDIA (TD) (ALK
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36
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Zhai S, Hu W, Wang W, Chai L, An Q, Li C, Liu Z. Tracking autophagy process with a through bond energy transfer-based ratiometric two-photon viscosity probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 213:114484. [PMID: 35724553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradation process in cells, which is of vital significance to the health and operation of organisms. Due to the increase of lysosomal viscosity during autophagy, viscosity probes that specifically accumulate in lysosome are powerful tools for monitoring autophagy and investigating related diseases. However, there is still a lack of viscosity-sensitive ratiometric autophagy probes, which restricts the tracking of autophagy with high accuracy in complex physiological environment. Herein, a viscosity-responsive, lysosome targeted two-photon fluorescent probe Lyso-Vis was designed based on through bond energy transfer (TBET) mechanism. The TBET-based probe achieved the separation of two emission baselines, which greatly improved the resolution and reliability of sensing and imaging. Under 810 nm two-photon excitation, the emission intensity ratio of the red and green channel increased with a viscosity dependent manner. Lyso-Vis not only for the first time realized ratiometric sensing of lysosomal viscosity during autophagy process, but also visualized the association of autophagy with inflammation and stroke, and it was applied to explore the activation and inhibition of autophagy during stroke in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Weibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology College of Chemistry, Ministry of Education Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Li Chai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qian An
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Gui L, Wang K, Wang Y, Yan J, Liu X, Guo J, Liu J, Deng D, Chen H, Yuan Z. Monitoring the pH fluctuation of lysosome under cell stress using a near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Effect of Trimethine Cyanine Dye- and Folate-Conjugation on the In Vitro Biological Activity of Proapoptotic Peptides. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050725. [PMID: 35625652 PMCID: PMC9138991 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous advances, anticancer therapy still faces several technical hurdles, such as selectivity on cellular and subcellular targets of therapeutics. Toward addressing these limitations, we have combined the use of proapoptotic peptides, trimethine cyanine dye, and folate to target the mitochondria of tumor cells. A series of proapoptotic peptides and their conjugates with a cyanine dye and/or folate were synthesized in the solid phase, and their toxicity in different human cell lines was assessed. Cyanine-bearing conjugates were found to be up to 100-fold more cytotoxic than the parent peptides and to localize in mitochondria. However, the addition of a folate motif did not enhance the potency or selectivity of the resulting conjugates toward tumor cells that overexpress folate receptor α. Furthermore, while dual-labeled constructs were also found to localize within the target organelle, they were not generally selective towards folate receptor α-positive cell lines in vitro.
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Zhou J, Du W, Shao T, Li Z, Zhang D, Wang L, Fang Z, Li J, Wu Q, Zhang C, Li L. Pyrimidine-Based Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Mitophagy via Detection of Mitochondrial pH Variation. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200217. [PMID: 35575966 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Impaired mitophagy hinders the clearance of damaged mitochondria, inducing pathological states. Knowledge of this phenomenon is key to diagnose certain diseases and understand their pathogenesis. Mitophagy involves an acidization process that could sever as an ideal detection target. In this work, we designed and synthesized a mitochondrial-targeting fluorescence probe, Z2, for evaluating pH variation. This probe exhibited remarkable "turn-on" fluorescence under acidic condition. In biological applications, Z2 showed a strong, specific pH detection capacity in Parkin-overexpressing HeLa cells during the mitophagy process. The "turn-on" fluorescence property of Z2 is also used to detect pH variation in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). This probe, as the novel pH assessment tool, may facilitate further research of mitophagy-associated pathological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Nanjing Tech University, Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), CHINA
| | - Wei Du
- Nanjing Tech University, Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), CHINA
| | - Tao Shao
- Northwestern Polytechnic University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, CHINA
| | - Zheng Li
- Nanjing Tech University, Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), CHINA
| | - Duoteng Zhang
- Xiamen University, The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), CHINA
| | - Lan Wang
- Nanjing Tech University, Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), CHINA
| | - Zhijie Fang
- Nanjing Tech University, Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), CHINA
| | - Jie Li
- Nanjing Tech University, Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), CHINA
| | - Qiong Wu
- Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, CHINA
| | - Lin Li
- Nanjing Tech University, ey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), CHINA
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40
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Li M, Huang Y, Song S, Shuang S, Dong C. Piperazine-Based Mitochondria-Immobilized pH Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Endogenous ONOO – and Real-Time Tracking of Mitophagy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2777-2785. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Shengmei Song
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
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41
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Yang W, Zhang Y, Teng H, Liu N, Sheng C, Guo Y. Role of Azole Drugs in Promoting Fungal Cell Autophagy Revealed by an NIR Fluorescence-Based Theranostic Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7092-7099. [PMID: 35503259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a widespread degradation system in eukaryotes, plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the cellular environment and the recycling of substances. Optical probes for the tracking of autophagy can be used as an effective tool not only to visualize the autophagy process but also to study autophagy-targeted drugs. Various molecule probes for autophagy of cancer cells emerge but are very limited for that of fungal cells, resulting in the lack of research on antifungal drugs targeting autophagy. To address this issue, we report an azole NIR fluorescence-based theranostic probe AF-1 with antifungal activity that is sensitive to autophagy-associated pH. The unique design of this probe lies in the introduction of both the pH-sensitive fluorophore with a detection range matching the pH range of the autophagy process and the conserved core structural fragment of azole drugs, providing a strategy to investigate the relationship between antifungal drug action and autophagy. As such, AF-1 exhibited excellent spectral properties and was found to target and induce the autophagy of the fungal cell membrane while maintaining moderate antifungal activity. Of note, using this theranostic probe as both a dye and drug, the autophagy process of fungi was visualized in a ratiometric manner, revealing the role of azole antifungal drugs in promoting autophagy to induce fungal cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Hao Teng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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42
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Recent Advances in Intrinsically Fluorescent Polydopamine Materials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence nanoparticles have gained much attention due to their unique properties in the sensing and imaging fields. Among the very successful candidates are fluorescent polydopamine (FPDA) nanoparticles, attributed to their simplicity in tracing and excellent biocompatibility. This article aims to highlight the recent achievements in FPDA materials, especially on the part of luminescence mechanisms. We focus on the intrinsic fluorescence of PDA and will not discuss fluorescent reaction with a fluorometric reagent or coupling reaction with a fluorophore, which may cause more in vivo interferences. We believe that intrinsic FPDA presents great potential in bioapplications.
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43
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Hallaji Z, Bagheri Z, Oroujlo M, Nemati M, Tavassoli Z, Ranjbar B. An insight into the potentials of carbon dots for in vitro live-cell imaging: recent progress, challenges, and prospects. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:190. [PMID: 35419708 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a strong alternative to conventional fluorescent probes for cell imaging due to their brightness, photostability, tunable fluorescence emission, low toxicity, inexpensive preparation, and chemical diversity. Improving the targeting efficiency by modulation of the surface functional groups and understanding the mechanisms of targeted imaging are the most challenging issues in cell imaging by CDs. Firstly, we briefly discuss important features of fluorescent CDs for live-cell imaging application in this review. Then, the newest modulated CDs for targeted live-cell imaging of whole-cell, cell organelles, pH, ions, small molecules, and proteins are elaborately discussed, and their challenges in these fields are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hallaji
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Oroujlo
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Nemati
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Tavassoli
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116, Tehran, Iran.
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44
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Chai L, Liang T, An Q, Hu W, Wang Y, Wang B, Su S, Li C. Near-Infrared in and out: Observation of Autophagy during Stroke via a Lysosome-Targeting Two-Photon Viscosity-Dependent Probe. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5797-5804. [PMID: 35380428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging using probes with two-photon excitation and near-infrared emission is currently the most popular in situ method for monitoring biological species or events, with a large imaging depth, low background fluorescence, low optical damage, and high spatial and temporal resolution. Nevertheless, current fluorescent dyes with near-infrared emission still have some disadvantages such as poor water solubility, low fluorescence quantum yield, and small two-photon absorption cross sections. These drawbacks are mainly caused by the structural characteristics of dyes with large conjugation surfaces but lacking strong and rigid structures. Herein, a lysosome-targeted and viscosity-sensitive probe (NCIC-VIS) is designed and synthesized. The protonation of morpholine not only helps anchor NCIC-VIS to the lysosome but also significantly enhances its water solubility. More importantly, its viscosity can increase the rigid structure of NCIC-VIS, which will improve the fluorescence quantum yield and the two-photon absorption cross section due to the imposed restrictions on molecular torsion. Based on the abovementioned characteristics, the real-time imaging of cellular autophagy (could increase the viscosity of lysosomes) was realized using NCIC-VIS. The results demonstrated that the level of autophagy was significantly enhanced in mice during stroke, while the inhibition of oxidative stress significantly reduced the degree of autophagy. The study corroborates that oxidative stress induced by stroke can lead to the development of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tianyu Liang
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qian An
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Baoshuai Wang
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shengze Su
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunya Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
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Ma X, Shi L, Zhang B, Liu L, Fu Y, Zhang X. Recent advances in bioprobes and biolabels based on cyanine dyes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4551-4573. [PMID: 35359180 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a functional dye, cyanine dye promotes the widespread application of bioprobes in the fields of medicine, genetics and environment, owing to its advantages of good photophysical properties, excellent biocompatibility and low toxicity to biological systems. Nowadays, it is mainly used in the fields of life sciences such as fluorescent labeling of biological macromolecules, disease diagnosis, immunoassay and DNA detection, all of which lie at the core of this review. First, we briefly introduced the characteristics and principles of the cyanine dye bioprobe. Afterward, we paid attention to the recent progress of cyanine dye bioprobes widely used in the 10 years from 2010 to 2020. The application of cyanine dyes as bioprobes with different identification elements, including enzymes, organelles, immunity and DNAs, was mainly summarized. Finally, this review gave an outlook on the future development trend of cyanine dye bioprobes. This facilitates the construction of a new type of multifunctional fluorescent probe and promotes its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China.
| | - Buyue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Yao Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei and Tangshan Key Laboratory of Medical-Industrial Integration Precision Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 063210, Tangshan, China.
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46
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Jiang WL, Wang ZQ, Tan ZK, Mao GJ, Fei J, Li CY. A Dual-Response Fluorescent Probe for Simultaneous Monitoring Polarity and ATP During Autophagy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4285-4292. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a vital role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis through a lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation pathway, which is closely related to the polarity and ATP. Herein, the first example of the...
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47
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Zhao XL, Yan C, Qiu WS, Yu T, Wang WJ, Zhu WH. A pH-activated fluorescent probe via transformation of azo and hydrazone forms for lysosomal pH imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10635-10638. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pyridone-based hydrazone probe Sth-NH is established for monitoring the lower lysosomal pH of cancer cells via a turn-on fluorescence mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Zhao
- Research Center of Resources and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chenxu Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wan-Shan Qiu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Research Center of Resources and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213032, China
| | - Wu-Jin Wang
- Research Center of Resources and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213032, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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48
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Wang L, Qiang T, Ren L, Cheng F, Hu W, Qu R. Observation of macrophage autophagy in the healing of diabetic ulcers via a lysosome-targeting polarity-specific two-photon probe. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3654-3661. [PMID: 35425343 PMCID: PMC8979232 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08417h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a disease with high incidence, mutilation, and fatality rates, diabetic ulcers (DUs) have become a difficult and complicated disease of widely concern in recent years due to the unclear healing mechanism. The main reason for the delayed healing in DU patients is the unduly long chronic inflammation window, and the polarization state of macrophages plays a key role in this process. Since autophagy is believed to be closely related to the polarization trend of macrophages, recent studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to the healing of DU. To this end, a lysosome-targeting polarity-sensitive probe, XZTU-VIS, was developed to monitor the changes in lysosomal polarity, thereby assessing the autophagy of macrophages in mice suffering from DU. The experimental results showed that under two-photon fluorescence microscopy, the green channel fluorescence signal of XZTU-VIS decreased significantly during autophagy. In the meantime, DU models established using BV-2 cells and mice showed a process that could cause inflammation and the release of ROS, thereby inducing autophagy. A polarity-dependent two-photon fluorescent probe for evaluation of autophagy in the process of diabetic mouse skin ulcer-induced inflammation was constructed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Taotao Qiang
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Longfang Ren
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Fei Cheng
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Bioresources and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Renyu Qu
- Jiangsu Sevencontinent Green Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
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Guo Y, Jin S, Yuan H, Yang T, Wang K, Guo Z, Wang X. DNA-Unresponsive Platinum(II) Complex Induces ERS-Mediated Mitophagy in Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2021; 65:520-530. [PMID: 34967218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process that degrades dysfunctional mitochondria. Monofunctional platinum(II) complexes are candidates for anticancer drugs with the potential to circumvent the drug resistance and side effects of cisplatin and its analogues, but their mechanism of action is elusive. Complex Mono-Pt kills cancer cells through a mitophagic pathway. The mechanism involves the stimulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and activation of the unfolded protein response. Mono-Pt severely impairs the structure and function of mitochondria, including disruption of morphological integrity, dissipation of membrane potential, elevation of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of mtDNA transcription, and reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which ultimately leads to mitophagy. Mono-Pt does not react with nuclear DNA but exhibits potent antiproliferative activity against cancer cells, thus breaking the DNA-binding paradigm and classical structure-activity rules for platinum drugs. The ERS-mediated mitophagy provides an alternative mechanism for platinum complexes, which broadens the way for developing new platinum anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, Henan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Suxing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing 210000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Nanchuang (Jiangsu) Institute of Chemistry and Health, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing 210000, P. R. China
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Wen S, Hu X, Shi Y, Han J, Han S. Imaging of Mitophagy Enabled by an Acidity-Reporting Probe Anchored on the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16887-16898. [PMID: 34894657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Classical chemical probes are prone to dissipation from stressed organelles, as evidenced by the incapability of mitochondrial dyes to image mitophagy linked to multiple diseases. We herein reported mitophagy imaging via covalent anchoring of a lysosomal probe to the mitochondrial inner membrane (CALM). Utilizing DBCORC-TPP, an azide-conjugatable probe with acidity-triggered fluorescence, CALM is operated via ΔΨm-promoted probe accumulation in mitochondria and thereby bioorthogonal ligation of the trapped probe with azido-choline (Azcholine) metabolically installed on the mitochondrial membrane. Overcoming the limitation of synthetic probes to dissipate from stressed organelles, CALM enables signal-on fluorescence imaging of mitophagy induced by starvation and is further employed to reveal mitophagy in ferroptosis. These results suggest the potential of CALM as a new tool to study mitophagy.
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