1
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Kolin G, Schwartz R, Shuster D, Major DT, Hoz S. Cooperative Intrinsic Basicity and Hydrogen Bonding Render SmI 2 More Azaphilic than Oxophilic. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40021-40024. [PMID: 36385862 PMCID: PMC9647864 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently shown that SmI2 is more azaphilic than oxophilic. Density functional theory calculations reveal that coordination of 1-3 molecules of ethylenediamine is more exothermic by up to 10 kcal/mol than coordination of the corresponding number of ethylene glycol molecules. Taking into account also hydrogen bonds between ligands and tetrahydrofuran doubles this preference. The intrinsic affinity parallels the order of basicity. The cooperativity with the hydrogen bonding makes SmI2 more azaphilic than oxophilic.
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2
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Abstract
Coordination-induced bond weakening is a phenomenon wherein ligand X-H bond homolysis occurs in concert with the energetically favorable oxidation of a coordinating metal complex. The coupling of these two processes enables thermodynamically favorable proton-coupled electron transfer reductions to form weak bonds upon formal hydrogen atom transfer to substrates. Moreover, systems utilizing coordination-induced bond weakening have been shown to facilitate the dehydrogenation of feedstock molecules including water, ammonia, and primary alcohols under mild conditions. The formation of exceptionally weak substrate X-H bonds via small molecule homolysis is a powerful strategy in synthesis and has been shown to enable nitrogen fixation under mild conditions. Coordination-induced bond weakening has also been identified as an integral process in biophotosynthesis and has promising applications in renewable chemical fuel storage systems. This review presents a discussion of the advances made in the study of coordination-induced bond weakening to date. Because of the broad range of metal and ligand species implicated in coordination-induced bond weakening, each literature report is discussed individually and ordered by the identity of the low-valent metal. We then offer mechanistic insights into the basis of coordination-induced bond weakening and conclude with a discussion of opportunities for further research into the development and applications of coordination-induced bond weakening systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Boekell
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Robert A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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3
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Morrill C, Péter Á, Amalina I, Pye E, Crisenza GEM, Kaltsoyannis N, Procter DJ. Diastereoselective Radical 1,4-Ester Migration: Radical Cyclizations of Acyclic Esters with SmI 2. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13946-13952. [PMID: 35858251 PMCID: PMC9377304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Reductive cyclizations of carbonyl compounds, mediated
by samarium(II)
diiodide (SmI2, Kagan’s reagent), represent an invaluable
platform to generate molecular complexity in a stereocontrolled manner.
In addition to classical ketone and aldehyde substrates, recent advances
in radical chemistry allow the cyclization of lactone and lactam-type
substrates using SmI2. In contrast, acyclic esters are
considered to be unreactive to SmI2 and their participation
in reductive cyclizations is unprecedented. Here, we report a diastereoselective
radical 1,4-ester migration process, mediated by SmI2,
that delivers stereodefined alkene hydrocarboxylation products via
radical cyclization of acyclic ester groups in α-carbomethoxy
δ-lactones. Isotopic labeling experiments and computational
studies have been used to probe the mechanism of the migration. We
propose that a switch in conformation redirects single electron transfer
from SmI2 to the acyclic ester group, rather than the “more
reactive” lactone carbonyl. Our study paves the way for the
use of elusive ketyl radicals, derived from acyclic esters, in SmI2-mediated reductive cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Morrill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Áron Péter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ilma Amalina
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Emma Pye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Giacomo E M Crisenza
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - David J Procter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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4
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Niu SS, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li XC, Gong J, Ding W, Cheng Y. Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Regioselective Radical Cyclization Reactions of 1-( o-Alkenylaryl)-2-amido-1-ketones for the Construction of Indeno[2,1- d][1,3]oxazin-9-ones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9576-9592. [PMID: 35820108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient two-step method for the construction of novel 2,4,9a-trisubstituted-4a,9a-dihydroindeno[2,1-d][1,3]oxazin-9-ones has been developed. The NHC-catalyzed aza-benzoin reaction of o-alkenyl benzaldehydes with N-acylarylimines afforded 1-(o-alkenylaryl)-2-amido-2-aryl-1-ethanones, which underwent regioselective 5-exo-trig radical cyclization to furnish the three-ring-fused heterocyclic products, generally in good yields. The synthetic method displayed good tolerance toward the nature of substituents, substitution pattern, and steric hindrance of o-alkenyl benzaldehydes. Based on this method, the synthesis of unprecedented dihydrobenzo[6,7]indeno[2,1-d][1,3]oxazin-7-ones and dihydropyrido[2',3':3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-d][1,3]oxazin-9-ones has been achieved by employing o-alkenylnaphthaldehyde and o-alkenylnicotinaldehyde as substrates. The regioselectivity between 5-exo-trig and 6-endo-trig radical cyclization reactions of different 1-(o-alkenylaryl)-2-amido-2-aryl-1-ethanones were elucidated with DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuo Niu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xing-Chi Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jian Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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5
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Quevedo-Acosta Y, Jurberg ID, Gamba-Sánchez D. Cyclization Strategies Using Imide Derivatives for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor D. Jurberg
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas Institute of Chemistry 13083 BRAZIL
| | - Diego Gamba-Sánchez
- Universidad de Los Andes Chemistry Department Cra 1 No. 18A-12 Q:305 111711 Bogota COLOMBIA
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6
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Rao CN, Reissig HU. Samarium(II)‐Promoted Cyclizations of Non‐activated Indolyl Sulfinyl Imines to Polycyclic Tertiary Carbinamines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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7
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Foja R, Walter A, Jandl C, Thyrhaug E, Hauer J, Storch G. Reduced Molecular Flavins as Single-Electron Reductants after Photoexcitation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4721-4726. [PMID: 35259294 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavoenzymes mediate a multitude of chemical reactions and are catalytically active both in different oxidation states and in covalent adducts with reagents. The transfer of such reactivity to the organic laboratory using simplified molecular flavins is highly desirable, and such applications in (photo)oxidation reactions are already established. However, molecular flavins have not been used for the reduction of organic substrates yet, although this activity is known and well-studied for DNA photolyase enzymes. We report a catalytic method using reduced molecular flavins as photoreductants and γ-terpinene as a sacrificial reductant. Additionally, we present our design for air-stable, reduced flavin catalysts, which is based on a conformational bias strategy and circumvents the otherwise rapid reduction of O2 from air. Using our catalytic strategy, we were able to replace superstoichiometric amounts of the rare-earth reductant SmI2 in a 5-exo-trig cyclization of substituted barbituric acid derivatives. Such flavin-catalyzed reductions are anticipated to be beneficial for other transformations as well and their straightforward synthesis indicates future use in stereo- as well as site-selective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Foja
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexandra Walter
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Erling Thyrhaug
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Golo Storch
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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8
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He Y, Wang Y, Li SJ, Lan Y, Wang X. Deoxygenative Cross-Coupling of Aromatic Amides with Polyfluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115497. [PMID: 35014163 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the ubiquitous nature and ready synthesis of amides, and the great significance of organofluorine-containing species, the cross-coupling of amides and polyfluoroarenes, leading to new carbon-carbon bond-forming methodologies, would find useful applications in synthesis, late-stage functionalization, and rapid generation of molecular diversity. Herein, we present a novel synthesis of α-polyfluoroaryl amines via Sm/SmI2 -mediated deoxygenative cross-coupling of aromatic amides with polyfluoroarenes through direct C-H functionalization. The structural and functional diversity of these readily available precursors provides a versatile and flexible strategy for the streamlined synthesis of α-polyfluoroaryl amines. Combining experimental and theoretical studies, a novel plausible mechanism of the α-aminocarbene-mediated C-H insertion has been revealed, which may stimulate future work for the development of novel methods in amine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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9
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He Y, Wang Y, Li S, Lan Y, Wang X. Deoxygenative Cross‐Coupling of Aromatic Amides with Polyfluoroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Shi‐Jun Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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10
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Mellah M, Zhang YF. Samarium(II)-Electrocatalyzed Chemoselective Reductive Alkoxylation of Phthalimides. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01760h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented samarium-eletrocatalyzed reductive alkoxylation of phthalimides in a single step is presented. Under mild conditions, using electrogenerated Sm(II) with TMSCl (trimethyl chlorosilane), N-substituted 3-alkoxyl isoindolin-1-ones are isolated in good...
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11
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Rao CN, Reissig H. Synthesis and Evaluation of Enantiopure HMPA Analogs in Samarium‐Diiodide‐Promoted Dearomatizations of N‐Acylated Indole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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12
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Cao Z, Li J, Zhang G. Photo-induced copper-catalyzed sequential 1,n-HAT enabling the formation of cyclobutanols. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6404. [PMID: 34737326 PMCID: PMC8569169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26670-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclobutanols are privileged cyclic skeletons in natural products and synthetic building blocks. C(sp3)-H functionalization is a prolonged challenge in organic synthesis. The synthesis of cyclobutanols through double C(sp3)-H bond functionalization remains elusive. Here we report the efficient synthesis of cyclobutanols through intermolecular radical [3 + 1] cascade cyclization, involving the functionalization of two C - H bonds through sequential hydrogen atom transfer. The copper complex reduces the iodomethylsilyl alcohols efficiently under blue-light irradiation to initiate the tandem transformation. The mild reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups and allows for the facile generation of elaborate polycyclic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhusong Cao
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jianye Li
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepan Maity
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities Invertis University Bareilly Uttar Pradesh 243123 India
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14
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Chaika N, Shvydenko K, Shvydenko T, Nazarenko K, Kostyuk A. One‐Step Method for Alicyclic Ring‐Fused Pyrimidine‐2,4‐diones. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Chaika
- Department of Organophosphorus Chemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry Murmanska 5 Kyiv-94 02660 Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn Shvydenko
- Department of Organophosphorus Chemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry Murmanska 5 Kyiv-94 02660 Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Shvydenko
- Department of Organophosphorus Chemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry Murmanska 5 Kyiv-94 02660 Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn Nazarenko
- Department of Organophosphorus Chemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry Murmanska 5 Kyiv-94 02660 Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr Kostyuk
- Department of Organophosphorus Chemistry Institute of Organic Chemistry Murmanska 5 Kyiv-94 02660 Ukraine
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15
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Paulsen MH, Engqvist M, Ausbacher D, Anderssen T, Langer MK, Haug T, Morello GR, Liikanen LE, Blencke HM, Isaksson J, Juskewitz E, Bayer A, Strøm MB. Amphipathic Barbiturates as Mimics of Antimicrobial Peptides and the Marine Natural Products Eusynstyelamides with Activity against Multi-resistant Clinical Isolates. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11395-11417. [PMID: 34314189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of synthetic cationic amphipathic barbiturates inspired by the pharmacophore model of small antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the marine antimicrobials eusynstyelamides. These N,N'-dialkylated-5,5-disubstituted barbiturates consist of an achiral barbiturate scaffold with two cationic groups and two lipophilic side chains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2-8 μg/mL were achieved against 30 multi-resistant clinical isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including isolates with extended spectrum β-lactamase-carbapenemase production. The guanidine barbiturate 7e (3,5-di-Br) demonstrated promising in vivo antibiotic efficacy in mice infected with clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae using a neutropenic peritonitis model. Mode of action studies showed a strong membrane disrupting effect and was supported by nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics simulations. The results express how the pharmacophore model of small AMPs and the structure of the marine eusynstyelamides can be used to design highly potent lead peptidomimetics against multi-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne H Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magnus Engqvist
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dominik Ausbacher
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trude Anderssen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Manuel K Langer
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tor Haug
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Glenn R Morello
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Science, Valley City State University, Valley City, 58072 North Dakota, United States
| | - Laura E Liikanen
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hans-Matti Blencke
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eric Juskewitz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Morten B Strøm
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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16
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Niu ZJ, Li LH, Li XS, Liu HC, Shi WY, Liang YM. Formation of o-Allyl- and Allenyl-Modified Amides via Intermolecular Claisen Rearrangement. Org Lett 2021; 23:1315-1320. [PMID: 33534590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new transition-metal-free intermolecular Claisen rearrangement process to introduce allyl and allenyl groups into the α position of tertiary amides. In this transformation, amides were activated by trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride to produce the keteniminium ion intermediates that exhibit strong electrophilic activity. This atom-economical process delivers α position-modified amides under mild conditions in moderate to good yields and showcases a broad substrate compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lian-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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17
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Liao J, Yang X, Ouyang L, Lai Y, Huang J, Luo R. Recent advances in cascade radical cyclization of radical acceptors for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to highlighting main achievements in the development of cascade radical cyclization of radical acceptors for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yinlong Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan 512005
- China
| | - Jiuzhong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Renshi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
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18
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Niu SS, Cheng Y. Construction of novel bridged aromatic ring-fused oxazocine frameworks via an N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed azabenzoin reaction and radical-initiated cascade cyclization. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the construction of 1,5-methanobenzo[f][1,3]oxazocin-6-ones and 6,10-methanopyrido[3,2-f][1,3]oxazocin-5-ones from o-vinyl aromatic aldehydes and N-acylarylimines was developed via NHC-catalyzed and radical-initiated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuo Niu
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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19
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Maity S, Hoz S. Mechanistic Vistas of Trivalent Nitrogen Compound Reduction by Samarium Diiodide. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepan Maity
- Department of Applied Science and Humanities Invertis University Bareilly UP 243123 India
| | - Shmaryahu Hoz
- Department of Chemistry Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan 5290002 Israel
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20
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Doler C, Friess M, Lackner F, Weber H, Fischer RC, Breinbauer R. Stereoselective synthesis of chiral thiol-containing 1,2-aminoalcohols via SmI2-mediated coupling. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Liu Q, Mei Y, Wang L, Ma Y, Li P. Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical Cascade Cyclizations of 1,7‐Enynes with Sulfinic Acids: Direct Access to Sulfonated Chromanes and Sulfonated Tetrahydroquinolines under Metal‐Free Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry Taizhou University Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry Huaibei Normal University Huaibei Anhui 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yousheng Mei
- Department of Chemistry Huaibei Normal University Huaibei Anhui 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry Taizhou University Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry Huaibei Normal University Huaibei Anhui 235000 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry Taizhou University Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry Huaibei Normal University Huaibei Anhui 235000 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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22
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Boit TB, Bulger AS, Dander JE, Garg NK. Activation of C-O and C-N Bonds Using Non-Precious-Metal Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020; 10:12109-12126. [PMID: 33868770 PMCID: PMC8049354 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Boit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ana S Bulger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jacob E Dander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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23
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Azizi K, Madsen R. Radical condensation between benzylic alcohols and acetamides to form 3-arylpropanamides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7800-7806. [PMID: 34123070 PMCID: PMC8163310 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new radical condensation reaction is developed where benzylic alcohols and acetamides are coupled to generate 3-arylpropanamides with water as the only byproduct. The transformation is performed with potassium tert-butoxide as the only additive and gives rise to a variety of 3-arylpropanamides in good yields. The mechanism has been investigated experimentally with labelled substrates, trapping experiments and spectroscopic measurements. The findings indicate a radical pathway where potassium tert-butoxide is believed to serve a dual role as both base and radical initiator. The radical anion of the benzylic alcohol is proposed as the key intermediate, which undergoes coupling with the enolate of the amide to form the new C–C bond. Subsequent elimination to the corresponding cinnamamide and olefin reduction then affords the 3-arylpropanamides. Benzylic alcohols and acetamides are coupled into 3-arylpropanamides by a new radical condensation through the radical anion of the alcohol.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Robert Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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24
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Šimek M, Bártová K, Pohl R, Císařová I, Jahn U. Tandemreaktionen aus anionischer Oxy‐Cope‐Umlagerung und Oxygenierung als vielseitiger Zugang zu verschiedenartigen Gerüsten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Šimek
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTschechische Akademie der Wissenschaften Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prag 6 Czech republic
| | - Kateřina Bártová
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTschechische Akademie der Wissenschaften Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prag 6 Czech republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTschechische Akademie der Wissenschaften Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prag 6 Czech republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieNaturwissenschaftliche FakultätKarls-Universität Prag Hlavova 2030/8 12843 Prag 2 Czech republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieTschechische Akademie der Wissenschaften Flemingovo náměstí 2 16610 Prag 6 Czech republic
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25
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Šimek M, Bártová K, Pohl R, Císařová I, Jahn U. Tandem Anionic oxy-Cope Rearrangement/Oxygenation Reactions as a Versatile Method for Approaching Diverse Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6160-6165. [PMID: 31994304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tandem anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement/radical oxygenation reactions provide δ,ϵ-unsaturated α-(aminoxy) carbonyl compounds, which serve as convenient precursors to diverse compound classes. Functionalized carbocycles are accessible by very rare all-carbon 5-endo-trig cyclizations, but also common 5-exo-trig radical cyclizations, based on the persistent radical effect. The tandem reactions can be further extended by highly diastereoselective allylation or reduction steps to give complex scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Šimek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bártová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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26
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Garduño‐Castro MH, Procter DJ. Diastereoselective Hydroxyethylation of
β
‐Hydroxyketones: A
Reformatsky
Cyclization‐Lactone Reduction Cascade Mediated by SmI
2
−H
2
O. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Procter
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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27
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Yao B, Miao T, Wei W, Li P, Wang L. Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Arylsulfonylhydrazones Derived from ortho-Alkynyl Arylketones: Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Cinnolines. Org Lett 2019; 21:9291-9295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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28
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Maity S, Flowers RA. Mechanistic Study and Development of Catalytic Reactions of Sm(II). J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3207-3216. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeepan Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Robert A. Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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29
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Kaiser D, Bauer A, Lemmerer M, Maulide N. Amide activation: an emerging tool for chemoselective synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7899-7925. [PMID: 30152510 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is textbook knowledge that carboxamides benefit from increased stabilisation of the electrophilic carbonyl carbon when compared to other carbonyl and carboxyl derivatives. This results in a considerably reduced reactivity towards nucleophiles. Accordingly, a perception has been developed of amides as significantly less useful functional handles than their ester and acid chloride counterparts. However, a significant body of research on the selective activation of amides to achieve powerful transformations under mild conditions has emerged over the past decades. This review article aims at placing electrophilic amide activation in both a historical context and in that of natural product synthesis, highlighting the synthetic applications and the potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kaiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Selective Electron Transfer Reduction of Urea-Type Carbonyls. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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31
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Wang X, Li J, Yuan T, You B, Xie G, Lv X. Additive Tuned Selective Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1-ols and Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-ols Mediated by AllylSmBr. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8984-8994. [PMID: 29944369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The selective construction of bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1-ols and bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-ols was achieved by using an allylSmBr/additive(s) system. By employing HMPA as the only additive, the momoallylation/ketone-alkene coupling occurred preferably and afforded bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-1-ols in good yields with high diastereoselectivities. While the ester-alkene coupling predominated to generate bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-1-ols in moderate yields with excellent diastereoselectivities in the presence of a proton source, such as pyrrole as the coadditive with HMPA. The tunable reactivity of allylSmBr by additive(s) would make it a versatile reagent in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering , Dongguan University of Technology , Dongguan , 523808 , People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin You
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guanqun Xie
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering , Dongguan University of Technology , Dongguan , 523808 , People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004 , People's Republic of China
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32
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Huang HM, McDouall JJW, Procter DJ. Radical Anions from Urea-type Carbonyls: Radical Cyclizations and Cyclization Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4995-4999. [PMID: 29493858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | | | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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33
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Huang HM, McDouall JJW, Procter DJ. Radical Anions from Urea-type Carbonyls: Radical Cyclizations and Cyclization Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | | | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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34
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Li Y, Miao T, Li P, Wang L. Photo-Driven Synthesis of C6-Polyfunctionalized Phenanthridines from Three-Component Reactions of Isocyanides, Alkynes, and Sulfinic Acids by Electron Donor–Acceptor Complex. Org Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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35
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You B, Shen M, Xie G, Mao H, Lv X, Wang X. Alternative Sm(II) Species-Mediated Cascade Coupling/Cyclization for the Synthesis of Oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-ols. Org Lett 2018; 20:530-533. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin You
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Shen
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanqun Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
- School
of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Mullane KC, Cheisson T, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Reduction of Carbonyl Groups by Uranium(III) and Formation of a Stable Amide Radical Anion. Chemistry 2018; 24:826-837. [PMID: 28873254 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Methyl benzoate, N,N-dimethylbenzamide, and benzophenone were reduced by UIII [N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 resulting in uranium(IV) products. Reduction of benzophenone lead to UIV [OC⋅Ph2 )][N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 , (1.1) which forms the dinuclear complex, [N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 UIV (OCPhPh-CPh2 O)UIV [N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 (1.2), through coupling of the ketyl radical species upon crystallization. Reaction of N,N-dimethylbenzamide with UIII [N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 resulted in UIV [OC⋅(Ph)(NMe2 )][N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 (2), a uranium(IV) compound and the first example of a charge-separated amide radical. In the case of methyl benzoate, the reduction resulted in UIV (OMe)[N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 (3) and benzaldehyde as the reduced organic fragment. Compound 2 showed the ability to act as a uranium(III) synthon in its reactivity with trimethylsilyl azide, a reaction that yielded UV (=NSiMe3 )[N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 . Additionally, 2 was reduced with potassium graphite resulting in [U(μ-O)[O=C(NMe2 )(Ph)][N(SiMe3 )2 ]2 ]2 (4), a dinuclear uranium compound bridged by oxo ligands. Reduction of 2 in the presence of 15-crown-5 afforded isolation of the mono-oxo compound, [(15-crown-5)2 K][UO[N(SiMe3 )2 ]3 ] (5). The results expand the reduction capabilities of UIII complexes and demonstrate a strategy for isolating novel metal-stabilized radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly C Mullane
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.,Mitochondrial Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
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37
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Huang HM, Adams RW, Procter DJ. Reductive cyclisations of amidines involving aminal radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10160-10163. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05178j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first general study of aminal radical cyclisations, triggered by reduction of amidines with SmI2, delivers quinazolinones with complete diastereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry
- Oxford Road
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Ralph W. Adams
- School of Chemistry
- Oxford Road
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry
- Oxford Road
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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38
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Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles Using Samarium(II) Iodide. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112018. [PMID: 29160806 PMCID: PMC6150357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles represent vital structural motifs in biologically-active natural products and pharmaceuticals. As a result, the development of new, convenient and more efficient processes to N-heterocycles is of great interest to synthetic chemists. Samarium(II) iodide (SmI2, Kagan’s reagent) has been widely used to forge challenging C–C bonds through reductive coupling reactions. Historically, the use of SmI2 in organic synthesis has been focused on the construction of carbocycles and oxygen-containing motifs. Recently, significant advances have taken place in the use of SmI2 for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles, enabled in large part by the unique combination of high reducing power of this reagent (E1/2 of up to −2.8 V) with excellent chemoselectivity of the reductive umpolung cyclizations mediated by SmI2. In particular, radical cross-coupling reactions exploiting SmI2-induced selective generation of aminoketyl radicals have emerged as concise and efficient methods for constructing 2-azabicycles, pyrrolidines and complex polycyclic barbiturates. Moreover, a broad range of novel processes involving SmI2-promoted formation of aminyl radicals have been leveraged for the synthesis of complex nitrogen-containing molecular architectures by direct and tethered pathways. Applications to the synthesis of natural products have highlighted the generality of processes and the intermediates accessible with SmI2. In this review, recent advances involving the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles using SmI2 are summarized, with a major focus on reductive coupling reactions that enable one-step construction of nitrogen-containing motifs in a highly efficient manner, while taking advantage of the spectacular selectivity of the venerable Kagan’s reagent.
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39
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Radical Heterocyclization and Heterocyclization Cascades Triggered by Electron Transfer to Amide-Type Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14262-14266. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
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40
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Radical Heterocyclization and Heterocyclization Cascades Triggered by Electron Transfer to Amide-Type Carbonyl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
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41
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Plesniak MP, Huang HM, Procter DJ. Radical cascade reactions triggered by single electron transfer. Nat Rev Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-017-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Zhang YQ, Vogelsang E, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene-Catalyzed Radical Opening of N-Acylated Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12654-12657. [PMID: 28833905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aziridines activated by N-acylation are opened to the higher substituted radical through electron transfer from titanocene(III) complexes in a novel catalytic reaction. This reaction is applicable in conjugate additions, reductions, and cyclizations and suited for the construction of quaternary carbon centers. The concerted mechanism of the ring opening is indicated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Vogelsang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
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43
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Zhang Y, Vogelsang E, Qu Z, Grimme S, Gansäuer A. Titanocene‐Catalyzed Radical Opening of N‐Acylated Aziridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong‐Qiang Zhang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Elisabeth Vogelsang
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Universität Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry Universität Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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44
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Kolmar SS, Mayer JM. SmI 2(H 2O) n Reduction of Electron Rich Enamines by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10687-10692. [PMID: 28718640 PMCID: PMC5812026 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Samarium diiodide in the presence of water and THF (SmI2(H2O)n) has in recent years become a versatile and useful reagent, mainly for reducing carbonyl-type substrates. This work reports the reduction of several enamines by SmI2(H2O)n. Mechanistic experiments implicate a concerted proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) pathway, based on various pieces of evidence against initial outer-sphere electron transfer, proton transfer, or substrate coordination. A thermochemical analysis indicates that the C-H bond formed in the rate-determining step has a bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) of ∼32 kcal mol-1. The O-H BDFE of the samarium aquo ion is estimated to be 26 kcal mol-1, which is among the weakest known X-H bonds of stable reagents. Thus, SmI2(H2O)n should be able to form very weak C-H bonds. The reduction of these highly electron rich substrates by SmI2(H2O)n shows that this reagent is a very strong hydrogen atom donor as well as an outer-sphere reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S. Kolmar
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520
| | - James M. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520
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45
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Chciuk TV, Anderson WR, Flowers RA. Reversibility of Ketone Reduction by SmI2–Water and Formation of Organosamarium Intermediates. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tesia V. Chciuk
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6
East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - William R. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6
East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Robert A. Flowers
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6
East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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46
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Huq SR, Shi S, Diao R, Szostak M. Mechanistic Study of SmI2/H2O and SmI2/Amine/H2O-Promoted Chemoselective Reduction of Aromatic Amides (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) to Alcohols via Aminoketyl Radicals. J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed R. Huq
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shicheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Ray Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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47
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48
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Hydride transfer reactions of 5-(2-alkohybenzylidene) barbituric acids: Synthesis of 2,4,6-trioxoperhydropyrimidine-5-spiro-3′-chromanes. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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49
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Dearomatizing Radical Cyclizations and Cyclization Cascades Triggered by Electron-Transfer Reduction of Amide-Type Carbonyls. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1661-1667. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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50
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Mao H, You BX, Zhou LJ, Xie TT, Wen YH, Lv X, Wang XX. SmI2-mediated reductive cyclization of β-arylthio ketones: a facile and diastereoselective synthesis of thiochroman derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6157-6166. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SmI2-mediated reductive cyclization of β-arylthio ketones afforded a general approach to dihydrothiochroman-ols in good yields and high degrees of diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Xin You
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lie-Jin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hang Wen
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lv
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Jinhua 321004
- People's Republic of China
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