1
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Johnson S, Li H, Valentino H, Sobrado P. Mechanism of Nitrone Formation by a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1445-1459. [PMID: 38779817 PMCID: PMC11154958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OxaD is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase (FMO) responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of an indole nitrogen atom, resulting in the formation of a nitrone. Nitrones serve as versatile intermediates in complex syntheses, including challenging reactions like cycloadditions. Traditional organic synthesis methods often yield limited results and involve environmentally harmful chemicals. Therefore, the enzymatic synthesis of nitrone-containing compounds holds promise for more sustainable industrial processes. In this study, we explored the catalytic mechanism of OxaD using a combination of steady-state and rapid-reaction kinetics, site-directed mutagenesis, spectroscopy, and structural modeling. Our investigations showed that OxaD catalyzes two oxidations of the indole nitrogen of roquefortine C, ultimately yielding roquefortine L. The reductive-half reaction analysis indicated that OxaD rapidly undergoes reduction and follows a "cautious" flavin reduction mechanism by requiring substrate binding before reduction can take place. This characteristic places OxaD in class A of the FMO family, a classification supported by a structural model featuring a single Rossmann nucleotide binding domain and a glutathione reductase fold. Furthermore, our spectroscopic analysis unveiled both enzyme-substrate and enzyme-intermediate complexes. Our analysis of the oxidative-half reaction suggests that the flavin dehydration step is the slow step in the catalytic cycle. Finally, through mutagenesis of the conserved D63 residue, we demonstrated its role in flavin motion and product oxygenation. Based on our findings, we propose a catalytic mechanism for OxaD and provide insights into the active site architecture within class A FMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney
B. Johnson
- Department
of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United
States
| | - Hao Li
- Department
of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United
States
| | - Hannah Valentino
- Department
of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United
States
| | - Pablo Sobrado
- Department
of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United
States
- Center
of Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United
States
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2
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Guan X, Li WJ, Shuai MS, Zhang M, Zhou CC, Fu XZ, Yang YY, Zhou M, He B, Zhao YL. Rh(III)-Catalyzed C7-Alkylation of Isatogens with Malonic Acid Diazoesters. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2984-2995. [PMID: 38334453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Rh(III)-catalyzed C7-alkylation of isatogens (indolin-3-one N-oxides) with malonic acid diazoesters has been developed. This strategy utilizes oxygen anion on the N-oxide group of isatogens as a directing group and successfully achieves the synthesis of a series of C7-alkylated isatogens with moderate to good yields (48-86% yields). Moreover, the N-oxides of isatogens can not only serve as the simple directing group for C7-H bond cleavage but also be deoxidized for easy removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guan
- School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Shan Shuai
- School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Mao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Chao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Fu
- School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Bin He
- School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Long Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P.R. China
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3
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Michaliski LF, Ióca LP, Oliveira LS, Crnkovic CM, Takaki M, Freire VF, Berlinck RGS. Improvement of Targeted Fungi Secondary Metabolite Production Using a Systematic Experimental Design and Chemometrics Analysis. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:77. [PMID: 37736960 PMCID: PMC10514814 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are well-known producers of chemically diverse and biologically active secondary metabolites. However, their production yields through fermentation may hamper structural analysis and biological activity downstream investigations. Herein, a systematic experimental design that varies multiple cultivation parameters, followed by chemometrics analysis on HPLC-UV-MS or UHPLC-HRMS/MS data, is presented to enhance the production yield of fungal natural products. The overall procedure typically requires 3-4 months of work when first developed, and up to 3 months as a routine procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamonielli F. Michaliski
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Laura P. Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Leandro S. Oliveira
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Camila M. Crnkovic
- Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Mirelle Takaki
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Vitor F. Freire
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
| | - Roberto G. S. Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.P.I.); (L.S.O.); (M.T.); (V.F.F.)
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4
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Shende VV, Harris NR, Sanders JN, Newmister SA, Khatri Y, Movassaghi M, Houk KN, Sherman DH. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Guide Chimeragenesis and Engineered Control of Chemoselectivity in Diketopiperazine Dimerases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202210254. [PMID: 36610039 PMCID: PMC10159983 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the biosynthesis of the tryptophan-linked dimeric diketopiperazines (DKPs), cytochromes P450 selectively couple DKP monomers to generate a variety of intricate and isomeric frameworks. To determine the molecular basis for selectivity of these biocatalysts we obtained a high-resolution crystal structure of selective Csp2 -N bond forming dimerase, AspB. Overlay of the AspB structure onto C-C and C-N bond forming homolog NzeB revealed no significant structural variance to explain their divergent chemoselectivities. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations identified a region of NzeB with increased conformational flexibility relative to AspB, and interchange of this region along with a single active site mutation led to a variant that catalyzes exclusive C-N bond formation. MD simulations also suggest that intermolecular C-C or C-N bond formation results from a change in mechanism, supported experimentally through use of a substrate mimic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram V Shende
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MÌ 48109, USA
| | - Natalia R Harris
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MÌ 48109, USA
| | - Jacob N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean A Newmister
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MÌ 48109, USA
| | - Yogan Khatri
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MÌ 48109, USA
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David H Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MÌ 48109, USA
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5
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Guo S, Zhang Z, Wei Z, Zhu Y, Fan X. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Spiroannulation Reaction of N-Aryl Nitrones with 2-Diazo-1,3-indandiones: Synthesis of Spirocyclic Indole- N-oxides and Their 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition with Maleimides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3845-3858. [PMID: 36884277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the preparation of spirocyclic indole-N-oxide compounds through a Rh(III)-catalyzed [4 + 1] spiroannulation reaction of N-aryl nitrones with 2-diazo-1,3-indandiones as C1 synthons under extremely mild conditions is presented. From this reaction, 40 spirocyclic indole-N-oxides were easily obtained in up to 98% yield. In addition, the title compounds could be successfully used for the construction of structurally intriguing maleimide-containing fused polycyclic scaffolds via a diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction with maleimides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghai Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Zhaotong Wei
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yuanqing Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
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6
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Li YH, Yang SQ, Li XM, Li X, Wang BG, Li H. Five new verrucosidin derivatives from Penicillium polonicum, a deep-sea cold-seep sediment isolated fungus. Fitoterapia 2023; 165:105387. [PMID: 36493945 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Five new verrucosidin derivatives, poloncosidins G-K (1-5), were isolated from the deep sea cold-seep sediment-derived fungus Penicillium polonicum CS-252. Their planar structures were elucidated by discreet analysis of the NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS spectrometric data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-5 were deduced from the combination of the modified Mosher's method and quantum chemical calculations of their ECD and NMR (with DP4+ probability analysis) data. The antimicrobial activities against several human- and aquatic-pathogenic bacteria of all the isolated compounds were evaluated and the structure-bioactivity relationship was briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-He Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China; College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sui-Qun Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Gui Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China; College of Marine Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road 1, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Cao HY, Zhao JY, Yi C, Sun SF, Chen KL, Qin ZM, Liu YB. Undescribed meleagrin alkaloids from the endophytic fungus Penicillium commune. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113441. [PMID: 36162460 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Six undescribed meleagrin analogues, isomeleagrin, meleagrin F, meleagrin G, methylmeleagrin G, isomethylmeleagrin G and meleagrin H, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium commune, which was obtained from the fresh leaves of a toxic medicinal plant, Tylophora ovata. The structures of these analogues were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic data analysis, and their absolute configurations were characterized by calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Structurally, meleagrin F features an undescribed skeleton with an aniline moiety, which is linked to meleagrin through a C-C bond at C8-C26. Connecting N19-C3' through the C-N bond in meleagrin G, methylmeleagrin G, isomethylmeleagrin G and meleagrin H was rare for amino acid condensation. The cytotoxicity activity of these undescribed compounds was evaluated, and isomeleagrin exhibited a selective cytotoxicity activity against HGC27 cells with an IC50 value of 2.01 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Sen-Feng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ke-Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhi-Min Qin
- Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yun-Bao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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8
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Sun C, Tian W, Lin Z, Qu X. Biosynthesis of pyrroloindoline-containing natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1721-1765. [PMID: 35762180 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00030j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Pyrroloindoline is a privileged tricyclic indoline motif widely present in many biologically active and medicinally valuable natural products. Thus, understanding the biosynthesis of this molecule is critical for developing convenient synthetic routes, which is highly challenging for its chemical synthesis due to the presence of rich chiral centers in this molecule, especially the fully substituted chiral carbon center at the C3-position of its rigid tricyclic structure. In recent years, progress has been made in elucidating the biosynthetic pathways and enzymatic mechanisms of pyrroloindoline-containing natural products (PiNPs). This article reviews the main advances in the past few decades based on the different substitutions on the C3 position of PiNPs, especially the various key enzymatic mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of different types of PiNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wenya Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zhi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xudong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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9
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Chen BS, Zhang D, de Souza FZR, Liu L. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060368. [PMID: 35736171 PMCID: PMC9229328 DOI: 10.3390/md20060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Shuang Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (B.-S.C.); (D.Z.); (L.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (B.-S.C.); (D.Z.); (L.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Fayene Zeferino Ribeiro de Souza
- Centro Universitário Planalto do Distrito Federal, Universidade Virtual do Estado de São Paulo (UNIPLAN), Campus Bauru 17014-350, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-014-32452580
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (B.-S.C.); (D.Z.); (L.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
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10
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Ren Y, Lu S, He L, Zhao Z, Li SW. Catalytic Asymmetric Decarboxylative Michael Addition To Construct an All-Carbon Quaternary Center with 3-Alkenyl-oxindoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:2585-2589. [PMID: 35357198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The first highly enantioselective asymmetric decarboxylative addition of β-keto acids with 3-alkenyl-oxindoles bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter have been developed. The relevant products were acquired in 49-98% yields with 88-98% enantioselectivities in the presence of 0.04-1.0 mol % of chiral rhodium catalyst. The comprehensive practicability of this method was proven in the preparation of the key intermediate, which can be easily transformed into analogues of physovenine and physostigmine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzheng Ren
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemitry and Chemical Engneeng, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Lu
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemitry and Chemical Engneeng, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemitry and Chemical Engneeng, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemitry and Chemical Engneeng, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, School of Chemitry and Chemical Engneeng, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China
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11
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Cheng W, Chen M, Ohashi M, Tang Y. Biosynthesis of Terpenoid-Pyrrolobenzoxazine Hybrid Natural Product CJ-12662. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116928. [PMID: 35075754 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The fungal natural product CJ-12662 is a structurally complex terpene-amino acid hybrid, and is a potent anthelmintic compound. The biosynthetic pathway of CJ-12662 is elucidated based on metabolite analysis from heterologous expression. We demonstrate the terpene portion is derived from successive P450-catalyzed oxidations of amorpha-4,11-diene, while three flavin-dependent enzymes are involved in morphing the esterified tryptophan into a chlorinated pyrrolobenzoxazine, utilizing a cascaded [1,2]-Meisenheimer rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mengbin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Present address: Merck & Co, Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Masao Ohashi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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12
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Yan D, Wang K, Bai S, Liu B, Bai J, Qi X, Hu Y. Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase-Mediated 1,2-Oxazine Construction via Meisenheimer Rearrangement in the Biosynthesis of Paeciloxazine. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4269-4276. [PMID: 35192348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The [1,2]-Meisenheimer rearrangement is well known as the [1,2]-migration of an O-substituted hydroxylamine from a tertiary amine N-oxide, and it is frequently employed in organic synthesis to enforce adjacent carbon oxidation or install a 1,2-oxazine core, which is a prevalent structural feature and pharmacophore of many bioactive natural products. Although the [1,2]-Meisenheimer rearrangement was proposed to occur in the biosynthesis of a number of 1,2-oxazine-containing natural products, it has never been proved biosynthetically. Here, we identified the biosynthetic gene cluster of an insecticidal natural product, paeciloxazine (1), from Penicillium janthinellum and characterized a flavin-dependent monooxygenase, PaxA, as the first example that mediates the formation of a 1,2-oxazine moiety via Meisenheimer rearrangement. In vitro biochemical assays, site-directed mutations, docking and molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory calculations support the mechanism that PaxA first catalyzes N-oxidation to form an N-oxide intermediate, which undergoes [1,2]-Meisenheimer rearrangement with the assistance of an amino acid with proton transfer property. This study expands the repertoire of rearrangement reactions during the biosynthesis of natural products and provides a new strategy for discovering natural products with N-O tethers by genome mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kunya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Songlin Bai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Youcai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.,CAMS Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Catalysis of Natural Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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13
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Carneiro LM, Bartoloni FH, Angolini CFF, Keppler AF. Solvent-free synthesis of nitrone-containing template as a chemosensor for selective detection of Cu(II) in water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120473. [PMID: 34715559 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A state-of-the-art method was developed for repurposing nitrone-containing compounds in the chemosensory field, the ability of the designed molecules to chelate metal cations was evaluated, and their unprecedented solubility in water was confirmed. A facile, rapid, and solvent-free method of synthesizing small molecular mass chemosensors was developed by using a modulative α-aryl-N-aryl nitrone template. α-(Z)-Imidazol-4-ylmethylen-N-phenyl nitrone (Nit1) and α-(Z)-2-pyridyl-N-phenyl nitrone (Nit2) were prepared in 15 min, isolated in less than 60 min with ca. 90% yield, and screened against nine metal cations. Nit1 is a small-molecular-mass compound (188 g mol-1) that is water-soluble and has specificity for sensing Cu2+ with an association constant of K = 1.53 × 1010 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 ppm. These properties make Nit1 a competitive chemosensor for the detection of Cu2+ in aqueous solution. The nitrone-containing template used in this study is a step forward for new and small chemosensory entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M Carneiro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, Santo André, SP ZIP CODE 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Fernando H Bartoloni
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, Santo André, SP ZIP CODE 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Célio F F Angolini
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, Santo André, SP ZIP CODE 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Artur F Keppler
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, Santo André, SP ZIP CODE 09210-580, Brazil.
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14
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Biosynthesis of Terpenoid‐Pyrrolobenzoxazine Hybrid Natural Product CJ‐12662. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Granato Á, Amarante GW, Adrio J. Metal-Free Solvent Promoted Oxidation of Benzylic Secondary Amines to Nitrones with H 2O 2. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13817-13823. [PMID: 34528787 PMCID: PMC8650016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign protocol for the generation of nitrones from benzylic secondary amines via catalyst-free oxidation of secondary amines using H2O2 in MeOH or CH3CN is described. This methodology provides a selective access to a variety of C-aryl nitrones in yields of 60 to 93%. Several studies have been performed to shed light on the reaction mechanism and the role of the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álisson
Silva Granato
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Chemistry
Department, Federal University of Juiz de
Fora, Sao Pedro, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Wilson Amarante
- Chemistry
Department, Federal University of Juiz de
Fora, Sao Pedro, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Javier Adrio
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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16
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Guo H, Xu G, Wu R, Li Z, Yan M, Jia Z, Li Z, Chen M, Bao X, Qu Y. A Homeodomain-Containing Transcriptional Factor PoHtf1 Regulated the Development and Cellulase Expression in Penicillium oxalicum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:671089. [PMID: 34177850 PMCID: PMC8222722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeodomain-containing transcription factors (Htfs) play important roles in animals, fungi, and plants during some developmental processes. Here, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor PoHtf1 was functionally characterized in the cellulase-producing fungi Penicillium oxalicum 114-2. PoHtf1 was shown to participate in colony growth and conidiation through regulating the expression of its downstream transcription factor BrlA, the key regulator of conidiation in P. oxalicum 114-2. Additionally, PoHtf1 inhibited the expression of the major cellulase genes by coordinated regulation of cellulolytic regulators CreA, AmyR, ClrB, and XlnR. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed that PoHtf1 participated in the secondary metabolism including the pathway synthesizing conidial yellow pigment. These data show that PoHtf1 mediates the complex transcriptional-regulatory network cascade between developmental processes and cellulolytic gene expression in P. oxalicum 114-2. Our results should assist the development of strategies for the metabolic engineering of mutants for applications in the enzymatic hydrolysis for biochemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Gen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Ruimei Wu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Mengdi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Zhilei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoming Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,School of Bioengineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Luo ZW, Tang MM, Zhou XM, Song XM, Yi JL, Zhang B, Yang JY, Chen GY. Five New Triene Derivatives from the Fungus Penicillium herquei JX4. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100027. [PMID: 33738965 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Five undescribed triene derivatives, pinophols B-F (2-6), together with one known compound, pinophol A (1), were obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium herquei JX4. The structures of compounds 1-6 were elucidated using IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR methods. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-6 were confirmed by comparing their experimental or calculated ECD spectra. Pinophols C and D (3 and 4) showed inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Wu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Min-Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, 571339, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ming Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Ling Yi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China
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18
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Hewage RT, Huang RJ, Lai SJ, Lien YC, Weng SH, Li D, Chen YJ, Wu SH, Chein RJ, Lin HC. An Enzyme-Mediated Aza-Michael Addition Is Involved in the Biosynthesis of an Imidazoyl Hybrid Product of Conidiogenone B. Org Lett 2021; 23:1904-1909. [PMID: 33570417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Meleagrin B is a terpene-alkaloid hybrid natural product that contains both the conidiogenone and meleagrin scaffold. Their derivatives show diverse biological activities. We characterized the biosynthesis of (-)-conidiogenone B (1), which involves a diterpene synthase and a P450 monooxygenase. In addition, an α,β-hydrolase (Con-ABH) was shown to catalyze an aza-Michael addition between 1 and imidazole to give 3S-imidazolyl conidiogenone B (6). Compound 6 was more potent than 1 against Staphylococcus aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranuka T Hewage
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Rou-Jie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Shu-Jung Lai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan R.O.C.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ya-Chu Lien
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Shao-Hsing Weng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Rong-Jie Chein
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan R.O.C
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19
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Reis RAG, Li H, Johnson M, Sobrado P. New frontiers in flavin-dependent monooxygenases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 699:108765. [PMID: 33460580 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent monooxygenases catalyze a wide variety of redox reactions in important biological processes and are responsible for the synthesis of highly complex natural products. Although much has been learned about FMO chemistry in the last ~80 years of research, several aspects of the reactions catalyzed by these enzymes remain unknown. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in the flavin-dependent monooxygenase field including aspects of flavin dynamics, formation and stabilization of reactive species, and the hydroxylation mechanism. Novel catalysis of flavin-dependent N-oxidases involving consecutive oxidations of amines to generate oximes or nitrones is presented and the biological relevance of the products is discussed. In addition, the activity of some FMOs have been shown to be essential for the virulence of several human pathogens. We also discuss the biomedical relevance of FMOs in antibiotic resistance and the efforts to identify inhibitors against some members of this important and growing family enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Maxim Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Pablo Sobrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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20
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Limbrick EM, Graf M, Derewacz DK, Nguyen F, Spraggins JM, Wieland M, Ynigez-Gutierrez AE, Reisman BJ, Zinshteyn B, McCulloch KM, Iverson TM, Green R, Wilson DN, Bachmann BO. Bifunctional Nitrone-Conjugated Secondary Metabolite Targeting the Ribosome. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18369-18377. [PMID: 32709196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Many microorganisms possess the capacity for producing multiple antibiotic secondary metabolites. In a few notable cases, combinations of secondary metabolites produced by the same organism are used in important combination therapies for treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, examples of conjoined roles of bioactive metabolites produced by the same organism remain uncommon. During our genetic functional analysis of oxidase-encoding genes in the everninomicin producer Micromonospora carbonacea var. aurantiaca, we discovered previously uncharacterized antibiotics everninomicin N and O, comprised of an everninomicin fragment conjugated to the macrolide rosamicin via a rare nitrone moiety. These metabolites were determined to be hydrolysis products of everninomicin P, a nitrone-linked conjugate likely the result of nonenzymatic condensation of the rosamicin aldehyde and the octasaccharide everninomicin F, possessing a hydroxylamino sugar moiety. Rosamicin binds the erythromycin macrolide binding site approximately 60 Å from the orthosomycin binding site of everninomicins. However, while individual ribosomal binding sites for each functional half of everninomicin P are too distant for bidentate binding, ligand displacement studies demonstrated that everninomicin P competes with rosamicin for ribosomal binding. Chemical protection studies and structural analysis of everninomicin P revealed that everninomicin P occupies both the macrolide- and orthosomycin-binding sites on the 70S ribosome. Moreover, resistance mutations within each binding site were overcome by the inhibition of the opposite functional antibiotic moiety binding site. These data together demonstrate a strategy for coupling orthogonal antibiotic pharmacophores, a surprising tolerance for substantial covalent modification of each antibiotic, and a potential beneficial strategy to combat antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilianne M Limbrick
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Michael Graf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Dagmara K Derewacz
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Fabian Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey M Spraggins
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States.,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Maximiliane Wieland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | | | - Benjamin J Reisman
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Boris Zinshteyn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Kathryn M McCulloch
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - T M Iverson
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Structural Biology, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rachel Green
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University. Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Daniel N Wilson
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Brian O Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, Tennessee 37205, United States
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21
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Fraley AE, Tran HT, Kelly SP, Newmister SA, Tripathi A, Kato H, Tsukamoto S, Du L, Li S, Williams RM, Sherman DH. Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenases NotI and NotI' Mediate Spiro-Oxindole Formation in Biosynthesis of the Notoamides. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2449-2454. [PMID: 32246875 PMCID: PMC7483341 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The fungal indole alkaloids are a unique class of complex molecules that have a characteristic bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring and frequently contain a spiro-oxindole moiety. While various strains produce these compounds, an intriguing case involves the formation of individual antipodes by two unique species of fungi in the generation of the potent anticancer agents (+)- and (-)-notoamide A. NotI and NotI' have been characterized as flavin-dependent monooxygenases that catalyze epoxidation and semi-pinacol rearrangement to form the spiro-oxindole center within these molecules. This work elucidates a key step in the biosynthesis of the notoamides and provides an evolutionary hypothesis regarding a common ancestor for production of enantiopure notoamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Fraley
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 28104, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hong T Tran
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 28104, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samantha P Kelly
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 28104, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean A Newmister
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 28104, USA
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 28104, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hikaru Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Lei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Robert M Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Ave., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - David H Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 28104, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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22
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Li H, Gilchrist CLM, Phan CS, Lacey HJ, Vuong D, Moggach SA, Lacey E, Piggott AM, Chooi YH. Biosynthesis of a New Benzazepine Alkaloid Nanangelenin A from Aspergillus nanangensis Involves an Unusual l-Kynurenine-Incorporating NRPS Catalyzing Regioselective Lactamization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7145-7152. [PMID: 32182055 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
1-Benzazepine is a pharmaceutically important scaffold but is rare among natural products. Nanangelenin A (1), containing an unprecedented 3,4-dihydro-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione-N-prenyl-N-acetoxy-anthranilamide scaffold, was isolated from a novel species of Australian fungus, Aspergillus nanangensis. Genomic and retrobiosynthetic analyses identified a putative nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene cluster (nan). The detailed biosynthetic pathway to 1 was established by heterologous pathway reconstitution in A. nidulans, which led to biosynthesis of intermediates nanagelenin B-F (2-5 and 7). We demonstrated that the NRPS NanA incorporates anthranilic acid (Ant) and l-kynurenine (l-Kyn), which is supplied by a dedicated indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase NanC encoded in the gene cluster. Using heterologous in vivo assays and mutagenesis, we demonstrated that the C-terminal condensation (CT) and thiolation (T3) domains of NanA are responsible for the regioselective cyclization of the tethered Ant-l-Kyn dipeptide to form the unusual benzazepine scaffold in 1. We also showed that NanA-CT catalyzes the regioselective cyclization of a surrogate synthetic substrate, Ant-l-Kyn-N-acetylcysteamine, to give the benzazepine scaffold, while spontaneous cyclization of the dipeptide yielded the alternative kinetically favored benzodiazepine scaffold. The discovery of 1 and the characterization of NanA have expanded the chemical and functional diversities of fungal NRPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heather J Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd., Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Daniel Vuong
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd., Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | | | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd., Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Andrew M Piggott
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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23
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Yan Q, Carroll PJ, Gau MR, Winkler JD, Joullié MM. A Transannular Rearrangement Reaction of a Pyrroloindoline Diketopiperazine. Org Lett 2019; 21:6619-6623. [PMID: 31414824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxaline, glandicoline, and meleagrin contain a unique triazaspirocyclic structure. Attracted by their biological activities, we attempted a novel strategy, mimicking a proposed biosynthetic pathway for glandicoline B in Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium oxalicum and using a transannular rearrangement to the desired triazaspirocycle 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Winkler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Madeleine M Joullié
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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24
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Birolli WG, Lima RN, Porto ALM. Applications of Marine-Derived Microorganisms and Their Enzymes in Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, the Underexplored Potentials. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1453. [PMID: 31481935 PMCID: PMC6710449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity has been explored in the search for novel enzymes, including forests, savannas, tundras, deserts, and finally the sea. Marine microorganisms and their enzymes are capable of being active in high-salt concentration, large range of temperature, and high incidence of light and pressure, constituting an important source of unique biocatalysts. This review presents studies employing whole-cell processes of marine bacteria and fungi, aiming for new catalysts for different reactions in organic synthesis, such as reduction, oxidation, hydroxylation, hydrolysis, elimination, and conjugation. Genomics and protein engineering studies were also approached, and reactions employing isolated enzymes from different classes (oxidoreductases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases) were described and summarized. Future biotechnological studies and process development should focus on molecular biology for the obtention of enzymes with interesting, fascinating and enhanced properties, starting from the exploration of microorganisms from the marine environment. This review approaches the literature about the use of marine-derived bacteria, fungi, and their enzymes for biocatalytic reactions of organic compounds, promoting a discussion about the possibilities of these microorganisms in the synthesis of different substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian G Birolli
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biocatalysis, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.,Center of Exact Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Rafaely N Lima
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biocatalysis, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.,Center of Exact Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - André L M Porto
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Biocatalysis, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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25
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He Y, Feng T, Fan X. Synthesis of Functionalized Indole-1-oxide Derivatives via Cascade Reactions of Allenynes and tBuONO. Org Lett 2019; 21:3918-3922. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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26
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Klas KR, Kato H, Frisvad JC, Yu F, Newmister SA, Fraley AE, Sherman DH, Tsukamoto S, Williams RM. Structural and stereochemical diversity in prenylated indole alkaloids containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system from marine and terrestrial fungi. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:532-558. [PMID: 29632911 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to February 2017 Various fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Malbranchea produce prenylated indole alkaloids possessing a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system. After the discovery of distinct enantiomers of the natural alkaloids stephacidin A and notoamide B, from A. protuberus MF297-2 and A. amoenus NRRL 35660, another fungi, A. taichungensis, was found to produce their diastereomers, 6-epi-stephacidin A and versicolamide B, as major metabolites. Distinct enantiomers of stephacidin A and 6-epi-stephacidin A may be derived from a common precursor, notoamide S, by enzymes that form a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core via a putative intramolecular hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition. This review provides our current understanding of the structural and stereochemical homologies and disparities of these alkaloids. Through the deployment of biomimetic syntheses, whole-genome sequencing, and biochemical studies, a unified biogenesis of both the dioxopiperazine and the monooxopiperazine families of prenylated indole alkaloids constituted of bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring systems is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Klas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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27
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Newmister SA, Romminger S, Schmidt JJ, Williams RM, Smith JL, Berlinck RGS, Sherman DH. Unveiling sequential late-stage methyltransferase reactions in the meleagrin/oxaline biosynthetic pathway. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6450-6459. [PMID: 30141817 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and anti-proliferative meleagrin and oxaline are roquefortine C-derived alkaloids produced by fungi of the genus Penicillium. Tandem O-methylations complete the biosynthesis of oxaline from glandicoline B through meleagrin. Currently, little is known about the role of these methylation patterns in the bioactivity profile of meleagrin and oxaline. To establish the structural and mechanistic basis of methylation in these pathways, crystal structures were determined for two late-stage methyltransferases in the oxaline and meleagrin gene clusters from Penicillium oxalicum and Penicillium chrysogenum. The homologous enzymes OxaG and RoqN were shown to catalyze penultimate hydroxylamine O-methylation to generate meleagrin in vitro. Crystal structures of these enzymes in the presence of methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine revealed an open active site, which lacks an apparent base indicating that catalysis is driven by proximity effects. OxaC was shown to methylate meleagrin to form oxaline in vitro, the terminal pathway product. Crystal structures of OxaC in a pseudo-Michaelis complex containing sinefungin and meleagrin, and in a product complex containing S-adenosyl-homocysteine and oxaline, reveal key active site residues with His313 serving as a base that is activated by Glu369. These data provide structural insights into the enzymatic methylation of these alkaloids that include a rare hydroxylamine oxygen acceptor, and can be used to guide future efforts towards selective derivatization and structural diversification and establishing the role of methylation in bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Newmister
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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28
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Secondary Metabolites of Endophytic Actinomycetes: Isolation, Synthesis, Biosynthesis, and Biological Activities. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 108 2019; 108:207-296. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01099-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Trottmann F, Franke J, Ishida K, García-Altares M, Hertweck C. A Pair of Bacterial Siderophores Releases and Traps an Intercellular Signal Molecule: An Unusual Case of Natural Nitrone Bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Trottmann
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute, for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Jakob Franke
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute, for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Keishi Ishida
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute, for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - María García-Altares
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute, for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; Leibniz Institute, for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI); Beutenbergstrasse 11a 07745 Jena Germany
- Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; 07743 Jena Germany
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30
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Trottmann F, Franke J, Ishida K, García-Altares M, Hertweck C. A Pair of Bacterial Siderophores Releases and Traps an Intercellular Signal Molecule: An Unusual Case of Natural Nitrone Bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:200-204. [PMID: 30375753 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In microbial interactions bacteria employ diverse molecules with specific functions, such as sensing the environment, communication with other microbes or hosts, and conferring virulence. Insights into the molecular basis of bacterial communication are thus of high relevance for ecology and medicine. Targeted gene activation and in vitro studies revealed that the cell-to-cell signaling molecule and disease mediator IQS (aeruginaldehyde) of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related bacteria derives from the siderophore pyochelin. Addition of IQS to bacterial cultures (Burkholderia thailandensis) showed that the signaling molecule is captured by a congener of another siderophore family, malleobactin, to form a nitrone conjugate (malleonitrone) that is active against the IQS-producer. This study uncovers complex communication processes with derailed siderophore functions, a novel nitrone bioconjugation, and a new type of antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Trottmann
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute, for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Jakob Franke
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute, for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Keishi Ishida
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute, for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - María García-Altares
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute, for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute, for Natural Product Chemistry and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
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31
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Strategies for Engineering Natural Product Biosynthesis in Fungi. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:416-427. [PMID: 30316556 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are a prolific source of bioactive compounds, some of which have been developed as essential medicines and life-enhancing drugs. Genome sequencing has revealed that fungi have the potential to produce considerably more natural products (NPs) than are typically observed in the laboratory. Recently, there have been significant advances in the identification, understanding, and engineering of fungal biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). This review briefly describes examples of the engineering of fungal NP biosynthesis at the global, pathway, and enzyme level using in vivo and in vitro approaches and refers to the range and scale of heterologous expression systems available, developments in combinatorial biosynthesis, progress in understanding how fungal BGCs are regulated, and the applications of these novel biosynthetic enzymes as biocatalysts.
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32
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Wen H, Liu X, Zhang Q, Deng Y, Zang Y, Wang J, Liu J, Zhou Q, Hu L, Zhu H, Chen C, Zhang Y. Three New Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from Aspergillus ochraceus. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1700550. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gannan Medical University; Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 P. R. China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
| | - Linzhen Hu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine; College of Life Sciences; Hubei University; Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation; School of Pharmacy; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 P. R. China
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33
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Flavin-catalyzed redox tailoring reactions in natural product biosynthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 632:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Mukai K, de Sant'Ana DP, Hirooka Y, Mercado-Marin EV, Stephens DE, Kou KGM, Richter SC, Kelley N, Sarpong R. Bioinspired chemical synthesis of monomeric and dimeric stephacidin A congeners. Nat Chem 2017; 10:38-44. [PMID: 29256515 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stephacidin A and its congeners are a collection of secondary metabolites that possess intriguing structural motifs. They stem from unusual biosynthetic sequences that lead to the incorporation of a prenyl or reverse-prenyl group into a bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane framework, a chromene unit or the vestige thereof. To complement biosynthetic studies, which normally play a significant role in unveiling the biosynthetic pathways of natural products, here we demonstrate that chemical synthesis can provide important insights into biosynthesis. We identify a short total synthesis of congeners in the reverse-prenylated indole alkaloid family related to stephacidin A by taking advantage of a direct indole C6 halogenation of the related ketopremalbrancheamide. This novel strategic approach has now made possible the syntheses of several natural products, including malbrancheamides B and C, notoamides F, I and R, aspergamide B, and waikialoid A, which is a heterodimer of avrainvillamide and aspergamide B. Our approach to the preparation of these prenylated and reverse-prenylated indole alkaloids is bioinspired, and may also inform the as-yet undetermined biosynthesis of several congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Mukai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Yasuo Hirooka
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - David E Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin G M Kou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sven C Richter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Naomi Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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35
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Zhang Q, Li H, Yu L, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhu H, Zhang L, Li SM, Shen Y, Tian C, Li A, Liu HW, Zhang C. Characterization of the flavoenzyme XiaK as an N-hydroxylase and implications in indolosesquiterpene diversification. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5067-5077. [PMID: 28970893 PMCID: PMC5613243 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01182b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavoenzymes are ubiquitous in biological systems and catalyze a diverse range of chemical transformations.
Flavoenzymes are ubiquitous in biological systems and catalyze a diverse range of chemical transformations. The flavoenzyme XiaK from the biosynthetic pathway of the indolosesquiterpene xiamycin A is demonstrated to mediate the in vivo biotransformation of xiamycin A into multiple products, including a chlorinated adduct as well as dimers characterized by C–N and N–N linkages that are hypothesized to form via radical-based mechanisms. Isolation and characterization of XiaK in vitro shows that it acts as a flavin-dependent N-hydroxylase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of xiamycin A at the carbazole nitrogen to form N-hydroxyxiamycin, a product which was overlooked in earlier in vivo experiments because its chemical and chromatographic properties are similar to those of oxiamycin. N-Hydroxyxiamycin is shown to be unstable under aerobic conditions, and characterization by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates formation of an N-hydroxycarbazole radical adduct. This radical species is proposed to serve as a key intermediate leading to the formation of the multiple xiamycin A adducts. This study suggests that non-enzyme catalyzed reactions may play a greater role in the biosynthesis of natural products than has been previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Huixian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ; .,Institute of Marine Natural Products , School of Marine Sciences , South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center , Sun Yat-sen University , 135 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Lu Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory of Microscale Physical Sciences , School of Life Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230027 , China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , 230031 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Hanning Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Liping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Deutschhausstrasse 17a , 35037 Marburg , Germany
| | - Yuemao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology , School of Life Science , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Changlin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory of Microscale Physical Sciences , School of Life Science , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , 230027 , China.,High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , 230031 , P. R. China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX 78712 , USA .
| | - Changsheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China . ;
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36
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Waldman AJ, Ng TL, Wang P, Balskus EP. Heteroatom-Heteroatom Bond Formation in Natural Product Biosynthesis. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5784-5863. [PMID: 28375000 PMCID: PMC5534343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural products that contain functional groups with heteroatom-heteroatom linkages (X-X, where X = N, O, S, and P) are a small yet intriguing group of metabolites. The reactivity and diversity of these structural motifs has captured the interest of synthetic and biological chemists alike. Functional groups containing X-X bonds are found in all major classes of natural products and often impart significant biological activity. This review presents our current understanding of the biosynthetic logic and enzymatic chemistry involved in the construction of X-X bond containing functional groups within natural products. Elucidating and characterizing biosynthetic pathways that generate X-X bonds could both provide tools for biocatalysis and synthetic biology, as well as guide efforts to uncover new natural products containing these structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Waldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Tai L. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
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37
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Gober CM, Joullié MM. Joining Forces: Fermentation and Organic Synthesis for the Production of Complex Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10136-10144. [PMID: 27427903 PMCID: PMC5096955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Commercial application of many promising heterocyclic natural products is limited by their natural abundance. While organic synthesis provides access to many natural products, total synthesis of numerous complex molecules is not economically feasible. In recent years, the combination of fermentation and organic synthesis has provided a new route for the production of complex heterocycles that are inaccessible by typical synthetic methods. This JOCSynopsis will review examples of how this union of disciplines has overcome obstacles in both academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Gober
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Gober CM, Joullié MM. From Roquefortine C to Roquefortine L: Formation of a Complex Nitrone with Simple Oxidizing Agents. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Gober
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Madeleine M. Joullié
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
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Hill RA, Sutherland A. Hot off the press. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1352-1356. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np90047j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as kanamienamide from the marine cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii.
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