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Karak P, Choudhury J. Conformationally flexible heterohelicenes as stimuli-controlled soft molecular springs. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11163-11173. [PMID: 36320460 PMCID: PMC9517708 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structurally engineered molecules which can behave as stimuli-controlled mechanical nanomachines such as molecular shuttles, rotors, ratchets, and springs are important in several research areas, including molecular robotics, actuation, sensing, cargo transportation, etc. Helicenes, by virtue of their unique screw-type structures, were proposed as functional models for molecular springs; however, experimental realization has remained an elusive and unmet task until now, because of the lack of appropriate helicene molecules consisting of backbone-decorated dynamic architectures. Aiming to explore this unearthed direction, we present herein a novel class of modular flexible heterohelicenes with a stimuli (acid/base and light)-responsive core and peripheral modules. By applying pH (at core-embedded free imidazole sites) and light (at backbone-tethered dithienylethene units) stimuli, we demonstrate that these flexible heterohelicenes exhibit spring-like movement, with the reversible contraction/extension of the helical pitch. The uniquely functionalized structure of these molecules played a critical role in bestowing such capability, as revealed by crystallographic, spectroscopic and computational data. Careful assessment disclosed that the protonation/deprotonation-induced reversible generation and delocalization of positive charge throughout the π-conjugated helical rim switch the operative interactions between the π clouds of the terminal overlapping arene rings of the helicenes between repulsive and attractive, leading to extension/contraction of the helical pitch. On the other hand, in the case of the light stimulus, it was analyzed that the light-induced ring-closure of the photoactive dithienylethene units created a geometric distortion causing the helicenic wings to bend outward from the helicene rim, which resulted in extension of the helical pitch. The photo-assisted (or thermal) reverse ring-opening reaction converted the system to its original conformation, thus enabling the helicene molecule to display spring-like reversible extension/contraction motion. The new insights on the reversible dynamic features of this class of heterohelicenes under the influence of external stress would guide crucial design principles of helicene-based molecular springs for potential applications. Sub-expanded flexible heterohelicenes were configured through a modular synthetic approach to experimentally demonstrate their capability of stimuli-controlled soft molecular spring-like behavior.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirudhan Karak
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal 462 066, India
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2
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Chu N, Li AS, Xu SP, Xu WQ. Thermochromism of 1,4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]-benzene derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2008135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ai-sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shu-ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei-qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Mukkatt I, Nirmala A, Madhavan ND, Shankar S, Deb B, Ajayaghosh A. Ligand-Controlled Electrochromic Diversification with Multilayer Coated Metallosupramolecular Polymer Assemblies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5245-5255. [PMID: 33470782 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Designing surface-confined molecular systems capable of expressing changes in functional properties as a result of slight variations in chemical structure under the influence of an external stimulus is of contemporary interest. In this context, we have designed three tetraterpyridine ligands with variations in their core architecture (phenyl vs tetraphenylethynyl vs bithiophene) to create spray-coated electrochromic assemblies of iron(II)-based metallosupramolecular polymer network films on transparent conducting oxide substrates. These assemblies exhibited molecular permeability and spectroelectrochemical properties that are in turn dictated by the ligand structure. Electrochromic films with high coloration efficiencies (up to 1050 cm2/C) and superior optical contrast (up to 76%) with a concomitant color-to-color redox transition were readily achieved. These functional switching elements were integrated into sandwich-type electrochromic cells (CE up to 641 cm2/C) that exhibited high contrast ratios of up to 56%, with attractive ON-OFF ratios, fast switching kinetics, and high operational stability. Every measurable spectroelectrochemical property of the films and devices is an associated function of the ligand structure that coordinates the same metal ion to different extents. While exhibiting a ligand-structure induced differential metal coordination leading to porosity and spectroelectrochemical diversification, these assemblies allow the creation of electrochromic patterns and images by a simple spray-coating technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indulekha Mukkatt
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O., Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anjali Nirmala
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O., Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Nayan Dev Madhavan
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O., Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
| | - Sreejith Shankar
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O., Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Biswapriya Deb
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O., Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate P.O., Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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4
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Catalyst-free 2+2 Photodimerization of 1,4-Bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]-benzene in Solution Under Low Power UV Irradiation. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-9116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Gan M, Han Y. Formation of Functional Cyclooctadiene Derivatives by Supramolecularly‐ Controlled Topochemical Reactions and Their Use as Highly Selective Fluorescent Biomolecule Probes
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Ming Gan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127 China
| | - Ying‐Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127 China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
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6
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Balgley R, Rechav K, Lahav M, Boom ME. Nanoscale Spatial Separation to Regulate Gold Microstructures Formation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Balgley
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Chemical Research SupportWeizmann Institute of Science 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Milko E. Boom
- Department of Organic ChemistryWeizmann Institute of Science 7610001 Rehovot Israel
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Yu JG, Gan MM, Bai S, Han YF. Photodriven solid-state multiple [2 + 2] cycloaddition strategies for the construction of polycyclobutane derivatives. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state multiple [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of polyenes continue to attract attention as a mediate for the synthesis of polycyclobutane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Ming Gan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
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McConnell AJ, Haynes CJE, Grommet AB, Aitchison CM, Guilleme J, Mikutis S, Nitschke JR. Orthogonal Stimuli Trigger Self-Assembly and Phase Transfer of Fe II4L 4 Cages and Cargoes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16952-16956. [PMID: 30465601 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two differently protected aldehydes, A and B, were demonstrated to deprotect selectively through the application of light and heat, respectively. In the presence of iron(II) and a triamine, two distinct FeII4L4 cages, 1 and 2, were thus observed to form from the deprotected A and B, respectively. The alkyl tails of B and 2 render them preferentially soluble in cyclopentane, whereas A and 1 remain in acetonitrile. The stimulus applied (either light or heat) thus determines the outcome of self-assembly and dictates whether the cage and its ferrocene cargo remain in acetonitrile, or transport into cyclopentane. Cage self-assembly and cargo transport between phases can in this fashion be programmed using orthogonal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J McConnell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom.,Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University , Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 , Kiel D-24098 , Germany
| | - Cally J E Haynes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Angela B Grommet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Aitchison
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Julia Guilleme
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Sigitas Mikutis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Polypyridyl Metallo-Organic Assemblies for Electrochromic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706641. [PMID: 29577472 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic films undergo optical changes in response to a redox stimulus. This intriguing phenomenon can be used for a wide range of applications, including smart windows, sensors, color displays, and memory elements. Despite the rapid progress of late, designing suitable electrochromic materials that offer low-cost production, appealing colors, and pronounced optical contrast with high efficiency, as well as long-term stability remains an engineering challenge. Solid-state metal oxides, liquid crystals, and organic polymers have been for many years the leading candidates, successfully making their way into commercial products. An alternative class of materials relies on metal complexes that can be processed from solution, offer a variety of colors, and have metal-centered stable and reversible redox chemistry. These metallo-organic materials possess a full range of electrochromic properties, including ultrahigh coloration efficiencies, and cyclic stability. Here, some of the recent scientific developments in this field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 760001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Milko E van der Boom
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 760001, Rehovot, Israel
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Balgley R, Algavi YM, Elool Dov N, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Light-Triggered Release of Trapped Charges in Molecular Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13459-13464. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Balgley
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Yadid M. Algavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Neta Elool Dov
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
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11
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Balgley R, Algavi YM, Elool Dov N, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Light-Triggered Release of Trapped Charges in Molecular Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Balgley
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Yadid M. Algavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Neta Elool Dov
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
| | - Milko E. van der Boom
- Department of Organic Chemistry; The Weizmann Institute of Science; 7610001 Rehovot Israel
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12
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Sharafi M, Campbell JP, Rajappan SC, Dudkina N, Gray DL, Woods TJ, Li J, Schneebeli ST. Crystal-Packing-Driven Enrichment of Atropoisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7097-7101. [PMID: 28510353 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Crystal-packing forces can have a significant impact on the relative stabilities of different molecules and their conformations. The magnitude of such effects is, however, not yet well understood. Herein we show, that crystal packing can completely overrule the relative stabilities of different stereoisomers in solution. Heating of atropoisomers (i.e. "frozen-out" conformational isomers) in solution leads to complex mixtures. In contrast, solid-state heating selectively amplifies minor (<25 mole %) components of these solution-phase mixtures. We show that this heating strategy is successful for compounds with up to four rotationally hindered σ bonds, for which a single stereoisomer out of seven can be amplified selectively. Our results demonstrate that common supramolecular interactions-for example, [methyl⋅⋅⋅π] coordination and [C-H⋅⋅⋅O] hydrogen bonding-can readily invert the relative thermodynamic stabilities of different molecular conformations. These findings open up potential new avenues to control the folding of macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Joseph P Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Sinu C Rajappan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Natavan Dudkina
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Danielle L Gray
- George L. Clark X-Ray Facility & 3M Materials Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Toby J Woods
- George L. Clark X-Ray Facility & 3M Materials Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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Sharafi M, Campbell JP, Rajappan SC, Dudkina N, Gray DL, Woods TJ, Li J, Schneebeli ST. Crystal‐Packing‐Driven Enrichment of Atropoisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry The University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Joseph P. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry The University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Sinu C. Rajappan
- Department of Chemistry The University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Natavan Dudkina
- Department of Chemistry The University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Danielle L. Gray
- George L. Clark X-Ray Facility & 3M Materials Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Toby J. Woods
- George L. Clark X-Ray Facility & 3M Materials Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry The University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
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