1
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Simonis ED, Blanchard GJ. Evaluating the contributions to conductivity in room temperature ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17048-17056. [PMID: 38836605 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The conductivity of room temperature ionic liquids is not described adequately by the Nernst-Einstein equation, which accounts only for Brownian motion of the ions. We report on the conductivity of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolum bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMIM TFSI), comparing the known conductivity of this RTIL to the diffusion constants of the cationic and anionic species over a range of length scales, using time-resolved fluorescence depolarization and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements of chromophores in the RTIL. Our data demonstrate that the diffusional contribution to molar conductivity is ca. 50%. Another mechanism for the transmission of charged species in RTILs is responsible for the "excess" molar conductivity, and we consider possible contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Simonis
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - G J Blanchard
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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2
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Hossain MI, Wang H, Adhikari L, Baker GA, Mezzetta A, Guazzelli L, Mussini P, Xie W, Blanchard GJ. Structure-Dependence and Mechanistic Insights into the Piezoelectric Effect in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1495-1505. [PMID: 38301038 PMCID: PMC10961722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
We reported recently that two imidazolium room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) exhibit the direct piezoelectric effect (J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2023, 14, 2731-2735). We have subsequently investigated several other RTILs with pyrrolidinium and imidazolium cations and tetrafluoroborate and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions in an effort to gain insight into the generality and mechanism of the effect. All the RTILs studied exhibit the direct piezoelectric effect, with a magnitude (d33) and threshold force that depend on the structures of both the cation and anion. The structure-dependence and existence of a threshold force for the piezoelectric effect are consistent with a pressure-induced liquid-to-crystalline solid phase transition in the RTILs, and this is consistent with experimental X-ray diffraction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Iqbal Hossain
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Haozhe Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Laxmi Adhikari
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mussini
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - G. J. Blanchard
- Department
of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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3
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Abstract
The piezoelectric effect was discovered over a century ago, and it has found wide application since that time. The direct piezoelectric effect is the production of charge upon application of force to a material, and the converse piezoelectric effect is a change in the material dimension(s) upon the application of a potential. To date, piezoelectric effects have been observed only in solid-phase materials. We report here the observation of the direct piezoelectric effect in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The RTILs 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide (BMIM+TFSI-) and 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (HMIM+TFSI-) produce a potential upon the application of force when confined in a cell, with the magnitude of the potential being directly proportional to the force applied. The effect is one order of magnitude smaller than that seen in quartz. This is the first report to our knowledge of the direct piezoelectric effect in a neat liquid. Its discovery has fundamental implications about the organization and dynamics in ionic liquids and invites theoretical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - G J Blanchard
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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4
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Chatterjee S, Chowdhury T, Bagchi S. Does variation in composition affect dynamics when approaching the eutectic composition? J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114203. [PMID: 36948840 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvent is a mixture of two or more components, mixed in a certain molar ratio, such that the mixture melts at a temperature lower than individual substances. In this work, we have used a combination of ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the microscopic structure and dynamics of a deep eutectic solvent (1:2 choline chloride: ethylene glycol) at and around the eutectic composition. In particular, we have compared the spectral diffusion and orientational relaxation dynamics of these systems with varying compositions. Our results show that although the time-averaged solvent structures around a dissolved solute are comparable across compositions, both the solvent fluctuations and solute reorientation dynamics show distinct differences. We show that these subtle changes in solute and solvent dynamics with changing compositions arise from the variations in the fluctuations of the different intercomponent hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Chatterjee
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Tubai Chowdhury
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sayan Bagchi
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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5
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Hossain MI, Adhikari L, Baker GA, Blanchard GJ. Relating the Induced Free Charge Density Gradient in a Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid to Molecular-Scale Organization. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1780-1788. [PMID: 36790441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on dilution-dependent changes in the local environments of chromophores incorporated into room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL)-molecular solvent binary systems where the ionic liquid cation and molecular solvent possess the same alkyl chain length. We have used the RTIL 1-decyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (DMPyrr+TFSI-) and the molecular solvent 1-decanol. Perylene was used as a non-polar probe, and cresyl violet (CV+) was used as a polar probe chromophore. We observe that in both regions there is a change in the chromophore local environments with increasing 1-decanol content. The changes in the nonpolar regions of the binary RTIL-molecular solvent system occur at a lower 1-decanol concentration than changes in the polar regions. Both chromophores reorient as oblate rotors in this binary system, allowing detailed information on the relative values of the Cartesian components of the rotational diffusion constants to be extracted from the experimental data. The induced free charge density gradient, ρf, known to exist in RTILs, persists to high 1-decanol content (1-decanol mole fraction of 0.75), with the structural details of the gradient being reflected in depth-dependent changes in the Cartesian components of the rotational diffusion constants of CV+. This is the first time that changes in molecular organization have been correlated with ρf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Laxmi Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - G J Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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6
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Askelson PG, Meloni SL, Hoffnagle AM, Anna JM. Resolving the Impact of Hydrogen Bonding on the Phylloquinone Cofactor through Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10120-10135. [PMID: 36444999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2DIR) was applied to phylloquinone (PhQ), an important biological cofactor, to elucidate the impact of hydrogen bonding on the ultrafast dynamics and energetics of the carbonyl stretching modes. 2DIR measurements were performed on PhQ dissolved in hexanol, which served as the hydrogen bonding solvent, and hexane, which served as a non-hydrogen bonding control. Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical calculations were performed to aid in spectral assignment and interpretation. From the position of the peaks in the 2DIR spectra, we extracted the transition frequencies for the fundamental, overtone, and combination bands of hydrogen bonded and non-hydrogen bonded carbonyl groups of PhQ in the 1635-1680 cm-1 region. We find that hydrogen bonding to a single carbonyl group acts to decouple the two carbonyl units of PhQ. Through analysis of the time-resolved 2DIR data, we find that hydrogen bonding leads to faster vibrational relaxation as well as an increase in the inhomogeneous broadening of the carbonyl groups. Overall, this work demonstrates how hydrogen bonding to the carbonyl groups of PhQ presents in the 2DIR spectra, laying the groundwork to use PhQ as a 2DIR probe to characterize the ultrafast fluctuations in the local environment of natural photosynthetic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe G Askelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Stephen L Meloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Alexander M Hoffnagle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Jessica M Anna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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Iqbal Hossain M, Blanchard G. Dilution-induced changes in room temperature ionic liquids. Persistent compositional heterogeneity and the importance of dipolar interactions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Biswas A, Mallik BS. Molecular Simulation-Guided Spectroscopy of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids and Effects of Methylation on Ion-Cage and -Pair Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8838-8850. [PMID: 36264223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Classical molecular dynamics simulations were performed to assess an atomistic interpretation of the ion-probe structural interactions in two typical ionic liquids (ILs), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BMIm][NTf2] and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [BDimIm][NTf2] through computational ultrafast spectroscopy. The nitrile stretching vibrations of the thiocyanate anion, [SCN]-, serve as the local mode of the ultrafast system dynamics within the imidazolium-based ionic liquid environment. The wavelet transform of classical trajectories determines the time-varying fluctuating frequencies and the stretch spectral signatures of SCN- in the normalized distribution. However, computational modeling of the two-dimensional (2D) spectra from the wavelet-derived vibrational frequencies yields time evolution of the local molecular structure along with the varied time-dependent dynamics of the spectral diffusion process. We calculated the frequency-frequency correlation functions (FFCFs), time correlations associated with the ion-pair and -cage dynamics, and mean square displacements as a function of time, depicting diffusive dynamics. The calculated results based on the pair correlation functions and the distribution of atomic density suggest that the hydrogen and methylated carbon at the two-position of the imidazolium ring of [BMIm] and [BDimIm] cations, respectively, strongly interact with the probe through the N of the thiocyanate anion rather than the S atom. The center-of-mass center-of-mass (COM-COM) cation-probe radial distribution functions (RDFs) in conjunction with the site-specific structural analysis further reveal well-structured interactions of the thiocyanate ion and [BMIm]+ cation rather than the [BDimIm] cation. In contrast, the anion-probe COM-COM RDFs depict weak interactive associations within the vibrational probe [SCN]- and [NTf2]- ions. Methylation at the two-position of the imidazolium ring predicts slower structural reorganization and breaking and reformation dynamics of the ion pairs and cages within the ionic liquid framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritri Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy502285, Telangana, India
| | - Bhabani S Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy502285, Telangana, India
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9
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Karunaratne W, Zhao M, Castner EW, Margulis CJ. Vacuum Interfacial Structure and X-ray Reflectivity of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids with Perfluorinated Anions from a Theory and Simulations Perspective. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:13936-13945. [PMID: 36017361 PMCID: PMC9394757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report studies of the vacuum interfacial structure of a series of 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imide ionic liquids (ILs) and predict and explain their Fresnel-normalized X-ray reflectivity. To better interpret the results, we use a theory we recently developed dubbed "the peaks and antipeaks analysis of reflectivity" which splits the overall signal into that of different pair subcomponents. Whereas the overall reflectivity signal is not very informative, the peak and trough intensities for the pair subcomponents provide rich information for analysis. When species containing cationic alkyl or anionic fluoroalkyl tails are present at the interface, a tail layer is found next to a vacuum, and this tail layer can be composed of both alkyl and fluoroalkyl moieties. To maintain the positive-negative alternation of charged groups, alkyl and fluoroalkyl tails must necessarily be nearby and cannot segregate. Charged groups are found in the subsequent layer just below the interface and arranged to achieve lateral charge neutrality. In general, fluctuations at and away from the interface are based on polarity (i.e., heads and tails) and not on charge; when there are no significant alkyl or fluoroalkyl moieties in the IL, atomic density fluctuations away from the interface are small and appear to exist for the purpose of achieving lateral charge balance. For all the systems reported here, the persistence length of density fluctuations does not go beyond ∼7 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Man Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Edward W. Castner
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Claudio J. Margulis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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10
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Wang Y, Adhikari L, Baker GA, Blanchard GJ. Cation structure-dependence of the induced free charge density gradient in imidazolium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19314-19320. [PMID: 35929735 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01066f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the structure-dependence and magnitude of the induced free charge density gradient (ρf) seen in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with imidazolium and pyrrolidinium cations. We characterize the spatially-resolved rotational diffusion dynamics of a trace-level cationic chromophore to characterize ρf in three different pyrrolidinium RTILs and two imidazolium RTILs. Our data show that the magnitude of ρf depends primarily on the alkyl chain length of RTIL cation and the persistence length of ρf is independent of RTILs' cation structure. These findings collectively suggest that mesoscopic structure in RTILs plays a significant role in allowing charge density gradients to form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Laxmi Adhikari
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary A Baker
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - G J Blanchard
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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11
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Biswas A, Mallik BS. Multiple Ensembles of the Hydrogen-bonded Network in Ethylammonium Nitrate versus Water from Vibrational Spectral Dynamics of SCN- Probe. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200497. [PMID: 35965410 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We performed classical molecular dynamics simulations to monitor the structural interactions and ultrafast dynamical and spectral response in the protic ionic liquid, ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and water using the nitrile stretching mode of thiocyanate ion (SCN-) as the vibrational probe. The normalized stretch frequency distribution of nitrile stretch of SCN- attains an asymmetric shape in EAN, indicating the existence of more than one hydrogen-bonding environment in EAN. We computed the 2D IR spectrum from classical trajectories, applying the response function formalism. Spectral diffusion dynamics in EAN undergo an initial rattling of the SCN - inside the local ion-cage occurring at a timescale of 0.10 ps, followed by the breakup of the ion-cage activating molecular diffusion at 7.86 ps timescale. In contrast, the dynamics of structural reorganization occur at a timescale of 0.58 ps in H 2 O. Hence, the time dependence of the frequency-frequency correlation function decay hints at the local molecular structure and ultrafast ion dynamics of the SCN - probe. The loss of frequency correlation read from the peak shape changes in the 2D correlation spectrum as a function of waiting time is faster in H 2 O than in EAN due to the enhanced structural ordering and higher viscosity of the latter. We provide an atomic-level interpretation of the solvation environment around SCN - in EAN and water, which indicates the multiple ensembles of the hydrogen bond network in EAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritri Biswas
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Bhabani S Mallik
- IITH: Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Chemistry, Kandi, 502285, Sangareddy, INDIA
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12
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Wang Y, Adhikari L, Baker GA, Blanchard GJ. Cation structure-dependence of the Pockels effect in aprotic ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18067-18072. [PMID: 35861617 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the dependence of surface charge-induced birefringence (the Pockels effect) in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with different cation constituents. The induced birefringence is related to the induced free charge density gradient (ρf) in the RTIL. The RTILs are confined in a lens-shaped cell and the surface charge density of the concave cell surface is controlled by the current passed through the surface ITO film. We find that, in all cases, the induced birefringence is proportional to the surface charge density and that the change in refractive index nearest the ITO surface can be on the order of 20%. Our findings indicate that the induced birefringence depends more sensitively on the cation aliphatic substituent length than on the identity of the charge-carrying headgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Laxmi Adhikari
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gary A Baker
- University of Missouri, Department of Chemistry, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - G J Blanchard
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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13
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Chasib KF, Mohsen AJ, Jisha KJ, Gardas RL. Extraction of phenolic pollutants from industrial wastewater using a bulk ionic liquid membrane technique. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:1038-1049. [PMID: 32815798 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1813209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The academia and chemical industry are actively searching for alternative solvents to meet technology requirements since the most widely used solvents are harmful and volatile. For ionic liquids, there are several advantages over conventionally using organic membrane solvents, including high thermal stability, negligible vapour pressure, low volatility, etc. Here in this study, we have analyzed the abilities of ionic liquids as pure solvents as well as their binary mixtures, to recover phenolic compounds from the industrial wastewater. The field of phenol extraction from wastewater using ionic liquids remains less exposed, and we presume that the work of this kind would open up more and more opportunities for the scientific community as well as industrial people. Based on all these assumptions, the present work includes experimental data of a work which explains the possibilities of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as potential bulk liquid membranes (BLM) for extracting phenol and other phenolic compounds from the industrial affluents. Four high hydrophobicity ionic liquids namely: 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Hmim][PF6], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [Bmim][NTf2], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Bmim] [PF6] and 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide [Emim][NTf2] were used for investigating the Phenol extraction efficiency and stripping efficiency. To provide a best comprehension of the influence of the phenolic structure as well as the nature of cation on the extraction ability of the ILs, we tried to understand the molecular interactions between the phenolic compounds and the solvents. The influence of hydrophobicity of ionic liquids and different kinds of anions on the extraction of phenol and efficiencies of stripping were investigated. All the experimental investigations performed here indicated that the only cation part of the ionic liquid is not an important aspect directly in this extraction, but the hydrogen bonding and the solute-solvent interactions play a significant role in the phenol removal process from aqueous phase to IL phase. First, the optimal conditions of operating (settling time and stirring) were analyzed for the clarity of the experiments performed. Concentration of NaOH in enhancing the performance of ionic liquids was also inspected here in this study. A binary mixture of ionic liquids (BMILs) membrane was examined for the optimized parameters, and the efficiency of phenol extraction was analyzed with the efficiency obtained for the single ionic liquid (SIL) membranes. The phenol concentration was determined by UV/visible spectrophotometer absorbance measurements. The highest phenol extraction efficiencies of 91% and 98.5%, were achieved by using [Bmim][NTf2] and [Bmim][NTf2+PF6] respectively, and the higher stripping efficiencies came up with 79% and 84% respectively, for [Emim][NTf2] and [Bmim + Emim][NTf2]. The results show that the binary mixture ionic liquid (BMIL) membrane is a better choice than single ionic liquid (SIL) membrane solvents. Hence, [Bmim] [(NTf2+PF6)] is an excellent selection as it provides high phenol stripping and extraction efficiencies with a minimal solvent loss and better stability in transport process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Farhod Chasib
- Petroleum & Gas Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of ThiQar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Anwer Jassim Mohsen
- Oil & Gas Refinery Engineering Branch, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - K J Jisha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ramesh L Gardas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India
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14
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Biswas A, Mallik BS. Vibrational Spectral Dynamics and Ion-Probe Interactions of the Hydrogen-Bonded Liquids in 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Hossain MI, Blanchard GJ. The effect of dilution on induced free charge density gradients in room temperature ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3844-3853. [PMID: 35088776 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on changes in the magnitude and length scale of the induced free charge density gradient, ρf, in three imidazolium room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with dilution by methanol and acetonitrile. Using depth- and time-resolved fluorescence measurements of cresyl violet rotational diffusion, we find that ρf persists in RTILs to varying degrees depending on RTIL and diluent identity, and in all cases the functional form of ρf is not a smooth monotonic diminution in either magnitude or persistence length with increasing diluent, but a stepwise collapse. This finding is consistent with changes in the bulk RTIL as a function of dilution seen using rotational diffusion measurements that show the rotating entity in bulk RTILs exhibits a larger effective hydrodynamic volume than would be expected based on bulk viscosity data for the diluted RTILs. This excess hydrodynamic volume can be understood in the context of aggregation of RTIL ion pairs in the diluted RTIL system. The size of the aggregates is seen to depend on RTIL identity and diluent, and in all cases aggregate size increases with increasing dilution. This finding is consistent with the ρf dependence on dilution data. The collapse of ρf is seen to correlate with the onset of RTIL ion pair dimer formation, a condition that may facilitate dissociated RTIL ion mobility in the binary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Iqbal Hossain
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - G J Blanchard
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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16
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Biswas A, Mallik BS. 2D IR spectra of the intrinsic vibrational probes of ionic liquid from dispersion corrected DFT-MD simulations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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18
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Johnson CA, Parker AW, Donaldson PM, Garrett-Roe S. An ultrafast vibrational study of dynamical heterogeneity in the protic ionic liquid ethyl-ammonium nitrate. I. Room temperature dynamics. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:134502. [PMID: 33832238 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D-IR), a vibrational probe (thiocyanate, SCN-) was used to investigate the hydrogen bonding network of the protic ionic liquid ethyl-ammonium nitrate (EAN) in comparison to H2O. The 2D-IR experiments were performed in both parallel (⟨ZZZZ⟩) and perpendicular (⟨ZZXX⟩) polarizations at room temperature. In EAN, the non-Gaussian lineshape in the FTIR spectrum of SCN- suggests two sub-ensembles. Vibrational relaxation rates extracted from the 2D-IR spectra provide evidence of the dynamical differences between the two sub-ensembles. We support the interpretation of two sub-ensembles with response function simulations of two overlapping bands with different vibrational relaxation rates and, otherwise, similar dynamics. The measured rates for spectral diffusion depend on polarization, indicating reorientation-induced spectral diffusion (RISD). A model of restricted molecular rotation (wobbling in a cone) fully describes the observed spectral diffusion in EAN. In H2O, both RISD and structural spectral diffusion contribute with similar timescales. This complete characterization of the dynamics at room temperature provides the basis for the temperature-dependent measurements in Paper II of this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Donaldson
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Garrett-Roe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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19
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Kelsheimer CJ, Garrett-Roe S. Intramolecular Vibrational Energy Relaxation of CO 2 in Cross-Linked Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate-Based Ion Gels. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1402-1415. [PMID: 32955891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D-IR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to measure carbon dioxide (CO2) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([emim][Tf2N]), cross-linked low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), and an ion gel composed of a 50 vol % blend of the two. The center frequency of the antisymmetric stretch, ν3, of CO2 shifts monotonically to lower wavenumbers with increasing polymer content, with the largest line width in the ion gel (6 cm-1). Increasing polymer content slows both spectral diffusion and vibrational energy relaxation (VER) rates. An unexpected excited-state absorbance peak appears in the 2D-IR of cross-linked PEGDA due to VER from the antisymmetric stretch into the bending mode, ν2. Thirty-two response functions are necessary to describe the observed features in the 2D-IR spectra. Nonlinear least-squares fitting extracts both spectral diffusion and VER rates. In the ion gel, CO2 exhibits spectral diffusion dynamics that lie between that of the pure compounds. The kinetics of VER reflect both fast excitation and de-excitation of the bending mode, similar to the ionic liquid (IL), and slow overall vibrational population relaxation, similar to the cross-linked polymer. The IL-like and polymer-like dynamics suggest that the CO2 resides at the interface of the two components in the ion gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Kelsheimer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sean Garrett-Roe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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20
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Wang Y, Swain GM, Blanchard GJ. Charge-Induced Birefringence in a Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:950-955. [PMID: 33464907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have reported previously on the existence of a surface charge-induced free charge density gradient (ρf) in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with a characteristic persistence length of ca. 50 μm [Ma, K. Langmuir 2016, 32, 9507-9512]. The free charge density gradient is related to the dielectric response of the RTIL. We report here on the existence of a surface charge-induced gradient in the RTIL refractive index and quantify the relationship between the index gradient and ρf. Because ρf is uniaxial, the induced refractive index gradient is manifested as an induced birefringence. The RTIL sample holder has a curved surface such that the RTIL can function as a lens, and ρf is controlled by the surface charge density (σs) of the (concave) RTIL support. Current passed through an indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) surface layer on the support surface controls σs. The far-field image of light passed through the RTIL lens as a function of σs is used to measure the charge-induced changes of n in the RTIL. We demonstrate a modulation of the refractive index on the order of 15%, proportional to σs. This report places the relationship between ρf and RTIL dielectric response on a quantitative footing and suggests the utility of RTILs for electro-optic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - Greg M Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
| | - G J Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
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21
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Wang Y, Parvis F, Hossain MI, Ma K, Jarošová R, Swain GM, Blanchard GJ. Local and Long-Range Organization in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:605-615. [PMID: 33411540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have a wide range of current and potential applications, in areas ranging from supercapacitor energy storage to sequestration of toxic gas phase species and use as reusable solvents for selected organic reactions. All these applications stem from their unique physical and chemical properties, which remain understood to only a limited extent. Among the issues of greatest importance is the extent to which RTILs exist as dissociated ionic species and the length scales over which some types of organizations are seen to exist in them. In this Invited Feature Article, we review the current understanding of organization in this family of materials, where opportunities lie in terms of deepening our understanding, and what potential applications would benefit from gaining such knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Fatemeh Parvis
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Romana Jarošová
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Greg M Swain
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Gary J Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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22
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Steinrück H, Cao C, Lukatskaya MR, Takacs CJ, Wan G, Mackanic DG, Tsao Y, Zhao J, Helms BA, Xu K, Borodin O, Wishart JF, Toney MF. Interfacial Speciation Determines Interfacial Chemistry: X-ray-Induced Lithium Fluoride Formation from Water-in-salt Electrolytes on Solid Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23180-23187. [PMID: 32881197 PMCID: PMC7756515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Super-concentrated "water-in-salt" electrolytes recently spurred resurgent interest for high energy density aqueous lithium-ion batteries. Thermodynamic stabilization at high concentrations and kinetic barriers towards interfacial water electrolysis significantly expand the electrochemical stability window, facilitating high voltage aqueous cells. Herein we investigated LiTFSI/H2 O electrolyte interfacial decomposition pathways in the "water-in-salt" and "salt-in-water" regimes using synchrotron X-rays, which produce electrons at the solid/electrolyte interface to mimic reductive environments, and simultaneously probe the structure of surface films using X-ray diffraction. We observed the surface-reduction of TFSI- at super-concentration, leading to lithium fluoride interphase formation, while precipitation of the lithium hydroxide was not observed. The mechanism behind this photoelectron-induced reduction was revealed to be concentration-dependent interfacial chemistry that only occurs among closely contact ion-pairs, which constitutes the rationale behind the "water-in-salt" concept.
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Grants
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR).
- DE-SC0012704 Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
- ECCS-1542152 National Science Foundation
- DE-AC02-76SF00515 U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
- DE-AC02-05CH11231 Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy
- ECCS-2026822 National Science Foundation
- SN2020957 Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) / ARL
- Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Georg Steinrück
- SSRL Materials Science DivisionSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCA94025USA
- SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryJoint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)LemontIL60439USA
- Department ChemieUniversität Paderborn33098PaderbornGermany
| | - Chuntian Cao
- SSRL Materials Science DivisionSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCA94025USA
| | - Maria R. Lukatskaya
- SSRL Materials Science DivisionSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCA94025USA
- SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryJoint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)LemontIL60439USA
- Laboratory for Electrochemical Energy SystemsDepartment of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH Zürich8092ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christopher J. Takacs
- SSRL Materials Science DivisionSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCA94025USA
- SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryJoint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)LemontIL60439USA
| | - Gang Wan
- SSRL Materials Science DivisionSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCA94025USA
| | | | - Yuchi Tsao
- Department of ChemistryStanford UniversityStanfordUSA
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Joint Center for Energy Storage ResearchLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Brett A. Helms
- Joint Center for Energy Storage ResearchLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
- The Molecular FoundryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Energy Storage BranchSensor and Electron Devices DirectorateU.S. Army Research LaboratoryAdelphi20783USA
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Energy Storage BranchSensor and Electron Devices DirectorateU.S. Army Research LaboratoryAdelphi20783USA
| | | | - Michael F. Toney
- SSRL Materials Science DivisionSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryMenlo ParkCA94025USA
- SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryJoint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR)LemontIL60439USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309USA
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23
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Biswas A, Mallik BS. Ultrafast Aqueous Dynamics in Concentrated Electrolytic Solutions of Lithium Salt and Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9898-9912. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aritri Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Bhabani S. Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
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24
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Steinrück H, Cao C, Lukatskaya MR, Takacs CJ, Wan G, Mackanic DG, Tsao Y, Zhao J, Helms BA, Xu K, Borodin O, Wishart JF, Toney MF. Interfacial Speciation Determines Interfacial Chemistry: X‐ray‐Induced Lithium Fluoride Formation from Water‐in‐salt Electrolytes on Solid Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Georg Steinrück
- SSRL Materials Science Division SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont IL 60439 USA
- Department Chemie Universität Paderborn 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Chuntian Cao
- SSRL Materials Science Division SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Maria R. Lukatskaya
- SSRL Materials Science Division SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont IL 60439 USA
- Laboratory for Electrochemical Energy Systems Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering ETH Zürich 8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Takacs
- SSRL Materials Science Division SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Gang Wan
- SSRL Materials Science Division SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | | | - Yuchi Tsao
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford USA
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Brett A. Helms
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Energy Storage Branch Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate U.S. Army Research Laboratory Adelphi 20783 USA
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Energy Storage Branch Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate U.S. Army Research Laboratory Adelphi 20783 USA
| | - James F. Wishart
- Chemistry Division Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Michael F. Toney
- SSRL Materials Science Division SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont IL 60439 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
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25
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Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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26
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Wu B, Breen JP, Xing X, Fayer MD. Controlling the Dynamics of Ionic Liquid Thin Films via Multilayer Surface Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9482-9492. [PMID: 32349470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The structural dynamics of planar thin films of an ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BmimNTf2) as a function of surface charge density and thickness were investigated using two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy. The films were made by spin coating a methanol solution of the IL on silica substrates that were functionalized with alkyl chains containing head groups that mimic the IL cation. The thicknesses of the ionic liquid films ranged from ∼50 to ∼250 nm. The dynamics of the films are slower than those in the bulk IL, becoming increasingly slow as the films become thinner. Control of the dynamics of the IL films can be achieved by adjusting the charge density on substrates through multilayer network surface functionalization. The charge density of the surface (number of positively charged groups in the network bound to the surface per unit area) is controlled by the duration of the functionalization reaction. As the charge density is increased, the IL dynamics become slower. For comparison, the surface was functionalized with three different neutral groups. Dynamics of the IL films on the functionalized neutral surfaces are faster than on any of the ionic surfaces but still slower than the bulk IL, even for the thickest films. These results can have implications in applications that employ ILs that have electrodes, such as batteries, as the electrode surface charge density will influence properties like diffusion close to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - John P Breen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Xiangyu Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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27
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Yamada SA, Hung ST, Thompson WH, Fayer MD. Effects of pore size on water dynamics in mesoporous silica. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:154704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5145326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samantha T. Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ward H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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28
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Williams IM, Qasim LN, Tran L, Scott A, Riley K, Dutta S. C-D Vibration at C2 Position of Imidazolium Cation as a Probe of the Ionic Liquid Microenvironment. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6342-6349. [PMID: 31257885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Unlike molecular solvents, imidazolium-based ionic liquids are entirely made of ions with spatial heterogeneity. There is a need for spectroscopic probes that can assess the microenvironment near the cations of these complex liquids. In this manuscript, we describe simple chemical procedures to label the C2 position of imidazolium cation with a C-D vibrational probe and show, through linear and nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies, that this C-D stretching mode can be a useful analytical tool to assess both the solvent microenvironment and solute-solvent interactions in imidazolium-based ionic liquids from the cation point of view. It is expected that this C-D vibration probe on the cation will lead to the development of innovative experimental strategies that can provide a better understanding of such ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Marie Williams
- Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , Louisiana 70125 , United States
| | - Layla N Qasim
- Department of Chemistry , Tulane University , New Orleans , Louisiana 70118 , United States
| | - Ly Tran
- Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , Louisiana 70125 , United States
| | - Asia Scott
- Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , Louisiana 70125 , United States
| | - Kevin Riley
- Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , Louisiana 70125 , United States
| | - Samrat Dutta
- Department of Chemistry , Xavier University of Louisiana , New Orleans , Louisiana 70125 , United States
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29
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Thomaz JE, Kramer PL, Fica-Contreras SM, Hoffman DJ, Fayer MD. Reorientation-induced Stokes shifts caused by directional interactions in electronic spectroscopy: Fast dynamics of poly(methyl methacrylate). J Chem Phys 2019; 150:194201. [PMID: 31117782 DOI: 10.1063/1.5094806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic Stokes shift measurements report on structural relaxation, driven by a dipole created in a chromophore by its excitation from the ground electronic state to the S1 state. Here, we demonstrate that it is also possible to have an additional contribution from orientational relaxation of the Stokes shift chromophore. This effect, called reorientation-induced Stokes shift (RISS), can be observed when the reorientation of the chromophore and the solvent structural relaxation occur on similar time scales. Through a vector interaction, the electronic transition of the chromophore couples to its environment. The orientational diffusive motions of the chromophores will have a slight bias toward reducing the transition energy (red shift) as do the solvent structural diffusive motions. RISS is manifested in the polarization-dependence of the fluorescence Stokes shift using coumarin 153 (C153) in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). A similar phenomenon, reorientation-induced spectral diffusion (RISD), has been observed and theoretically explicated in the context of two dimensional infrared (2D IR) experiments. Here, we generalize the existing RISD theory to include properties of electronic transitions that generally are not present in vibrational transitions. Expressions are derived that permit determination of the structural dynamics by accounting for the RISS contributions. Using these generalized equations, the structural dynamics of the medium can be measured for any system in which the directional interaction is well represented by a first order Stark effect and RISS or RISD is observed. The theoretical results are applied to the PMMA data, and the structural dynamics are obtained and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Thomaz
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Patrick L Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - David J Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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30
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Gera R, Meloni SL, Anna JM. Unraveling Confined Dynamics of Guests Trapped in Self-Assembled Pd 6L 4 Nanocages by Ultrafast Mid-IR Polarization-Dependent Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:413-418. [PMID: 30630311 PMCID: PMC6536308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled coordination cages form host-guest complexes through weak noncovalent interactions. Knowledge of how these weak interactions affect the structure, reactivity, and dynamics of guest molecules is important to further the design principles of current systems and optimize their specific functions. We apply ultrafast mid-IR polarization-dependent pump-probe spectroscopy to probe the effects of two Pd6L4 self-assembled nanocages on the properties and dynamics of fluxional group-VIII metal carbonyl guest molecules. We find that the interactions between the Pd6L4 nanocages and guest molecules act to alter the ultrafast dynamics of the guests, restricting rotational diffusional motion and decreasing the vibrational lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica M. Anna
- Corresponding Author: To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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31
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Shin JY, Wang YL, Yamada SA, Hung ST, Fayer MD. Imidazole and 1-Methylimidazole Hydrogen Bonding and Nonhydrogen Bonding Liquid Dynamics: Ultrafast IR Experiments. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2094-2105. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b11299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Steven A. Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Samantha T. Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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32
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Galle Kankanamge SR, Kuroda DG. Molecular structure and ultrafast dynamics of sodium thiocyanate ion pairs formed in glymes of different lengths. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:833-841. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06869k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure of different sodium–glyme–thiocyanate complexes has been studied by linear and time resolved vibrational spectroscopies.
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33
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Nishida J, Breen JP, Wu B, Fayer MD. Extraordinary Slowing of Structural Dynamics in Thin Films of a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1065-1073. [PMID: 30159404 PMCID: PMC6107873 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The role that interfaces play in the dynamics of liquids is a fundamental scientific problem with vast importance in technological applications. From material science to biology, e.g., batteries to cell membranes, liquid properties at interfaces are frequently determinant in the nature of chemical processes. For most liquids, like water, the influence of an interface falls off on a ∼1 nm distance scale. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are a vast class of unusual liquids composed of complex cations and anions that are liquid salts at room temperature. They are unusual liquids with properties that can be finely tuned by selecting the structure of the cation and anion. RTILs are being used or developed in applications such as batteries, CO2 capture, and liquids for biological processes. Here, it is demonstrated quantitatively that the influence of an interface on RTIL properties is profoundly different from that observed in other classes of liquids. The dynamics of planar thin films of the room temperature ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BmimNTf2), were investigated using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR) with the CN stretch of SeCN- as the vibrational probe. The structural dynamics (spectral diffusion) of the thin films with controlled nanometer thicknesses were measured and compared to the dynamics of the bulk liquid. The samples were prepared by spin coating the RTIL, together with the vibrational probe, onto a surface functionalized with an ionic monolayer that mimics the structure of the BmimNTf2. Near-Brewster's angle reflection pump-probe geometry 2D IR facilitated the detection of the exceedingly small signals from the films, some of which were only 14 nm thick. Even in quarter micron (250 nm) thick films, the observed dynamics were much slower than those of the bulk liquid. Using a new theoretical description, the correlation length (exponential falloff of the influence of the interfaces) was found to be 28 ± 5 nm. This very long correlation length, ∼30 times greater than that of water, has major implications for the use of RTILs in devices and other applications.
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Yao N, Lu M, Liu XB, Tan J, Hu YL. Copper-doped mesoporous silica supported dual acidic ionic liquid as an efficient and cooperative reusability catalyst for Biginelli reaction. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Smith CJ, Gehrke S, Hollóczki O, Wagle DV, Heitz MP, Baker GA. NMR relaxometric probing of ionic liquid dynamics and diffusion under mesoscopic confinement within bacterial cellulose ionogels. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:193845. [PMID: 30307178 DOI: 10.1063/1.5016337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chip J. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Sascha Gehrke
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, Bonn 53115, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, Muelheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, Bonn 53115, Germany
| | - Durgesh V. Wagle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - Mark P. Heitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The College at Brockport SUNY, Brockport, New York 14420, USA
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Wu B, Liang M, Zmich N, Hatcher J, Lall-Ramnarine SI, Wishart JF, Maroncelli M, Castner EW. Photoinduced Bimolecular Electron Transfer in Ionic Liquids: Cationic Electron Donors. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2379-2388. [PMID: 29377698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have reported a systematic study of photoinduced electron-transfer reactions in ionic liquid solvents using neutral and anionic electron donors and a series of cyano-substituted anthracene acceptors [ Wu , B. ; Maroncelli , M. ; Castner , E. W. Jr Photoinduced Bimolecular Electron Transfer in Ionic Liquids . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 , 2017 , 14568 ]. Herein, we report complementary results for a cationic class of 1-alkyl-4-dimethylaminopyridinium electron donors. Reductive quenching of cyano-substituted anthracene fluorophores by these cationic quenchers is studied in solutions of acetonitrile and the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Varying the length of the alkyl chain permits tuning of the quencher diffusivities in solution. The observed quenching kinetics are interpreted using a diffusion-reaction analysis. Together with results from the prior study, these results show that the intrinsic electron-transfer rate constant does not depend on the quencher charge in this family of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Nicole Zmich
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jasmine Hatcher
- The Graduate Center of CUNY , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Hunter College, CUNY , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sharon I Lall-Ramnarine
- Department of Chemistry, Queensborough Community College, City University of New York , Bayside, New York 11364, United States
| | - James F Wishart
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Mark Maroncelli
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Edward W Castner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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37
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Shin JY, Yamada SA, Fayer MD. Influence of Water on Carbon Dioxide and Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Dynamics: Supported Ionic Liquid Membrane vs the Bulk Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2389-2395. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Steven A. Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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38
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Petti MK, Lomont JP, Maj M, Zanni MT. Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy Is Being Used to Address Core Scientific Questions in Biology and Materials Science. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1771-1780. [PMID: 29346730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional spectroscopy is a powerful tool for extracting structural and dynamic information from a wide range of chemical systems. We provide a brief overview of the ways in which two-dimensional visible and infrared spectroscopies are being applied to elucidate fundamental details of important processes in biological and materials science. The topics covered include amyloid proteins, photosynthetic complexes, ion channels, photovoltaics, batteries, as well as a variety of promising new methods in two-dimensional spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Petti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Justin P Lomont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michał Maj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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39
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Dong X, Yang F, Zhao J, Wang J. Efficient Intramolecular Vibrational Excitonic Energy Transfer in Ru3(CO)12 Cluster Revealed by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1296-1305. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Molecular Reaction Dynamics
Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular
Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Molecular Reaction Dynamics
Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular
Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Molecular Reaction Dynamics
Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular
Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Molecular Reaction Dynamics
Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular
Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Thomaz JE, Bailey HE, Fayer MD. The influence of mesoscopic confinement on the dynamics of imidazolium-based room temperature ionic liquids in polyether sulfone membranes. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:194502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5003036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Thomaz
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Heather E. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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41
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Garrett-Roe S. Reorientation-induced spectral diffusion of non-isotropic orientation distributions. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:144504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4993864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Garrett-Roe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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42
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Shin JY, Yamada SA, Fayer MD. Carbon Dioxide in a Supported Ionic Liquid Membrane: Structural and Rotational Dynamics Measured with 2D IR and Pump–Probe Experiments. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11222-11232. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Steven A. Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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43
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Environmentally Friendly ILSO 3
H-SnCl 5
@Ti-MCM-4-Mediated Hydroxyalkylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Paraformaldehyde to Diarylmethanes. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Wang HB, Yao N, Wang L, Hu YL. Brønsted–Lewis dual acidic ionic liquid immobilized on mesoporous silica materials as an efficient cooperative catalyst for Mannich reactions. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02541f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel mesoporous silica supported ILs have been prepared and successfully applied as a heterogeneous catalyst in Mannich reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bo Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials
- China Three Gorges University
- Yichang 443002
- P. R. China
| | - Nan Yao
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials
- China Three Gorges University
- Yichang 443002
- P. R. China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials
- China Three Gorges University
- Yichang 443002
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Lin Hu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials
- China Three Gorges University
- Yichang 443002
- P. R. China
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